CN1511723A - 用于车辆燃料高压存储的油箱 - Google Patents

用于车辆燃料高压存储的油箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1511723A
CN1511723A CNA2003101212930A CN200310121293A CN1511723A CN 1511723 A CN1511723 A CN 1511723A CN A2003101212930 A CNA2003101212930 A CN A2003101212930A CN 200310121293 A CN200310121293 A CN 200310121293A CN 1511723 A CN1511723 A CN 1511723A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fuel tank
chamber
vehicle
structure platform
recess
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CNA2003101212930A
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English (en)
Inventor
D・洛朗
D·洛朗
默
D·奥尔默
泽
D·瓦尔泽
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
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Conception et Developpement Michelin SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Conception et Developpement Michelin SA filed Critical Conception et Developpement Michelin SA
Publication of CN1511723A publication Critical patent/CN1511723A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
    • B60K15/07—Mounting of tanks of gas tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/16—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having fluid storage compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0171—Shape complex comprising a communication hole between chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0107—Frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0119—Vessel walls form part of another structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/0126—One vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2109—Moulding
    • F17C2209/2136—Moulding using wax moulds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

车辆的结构平台(11)，包括用来在车辆上存储在压力下的流体的两个油箱(T1)和(T2)。每个油箱包括至少一个经小孔(3)彼此连接的腔室(2)网络，小孔适于对由车辆使用所必需的流体消耗而引起的流体流动只呈现不影响所述使用的压力降，并且适于在一个或多个腔室(2)破裂的情况下，泄漏的流动可引起足够高的压力降以限制其流动。

Description

用于车辆燃料高压存储的油箱
技术领域
本发明涉及用来在适用于任何类型发动机的道路车辆中存储气体，具体地说，适用于在燃料电池车辆中存储气态氢和/或气态氧，的油箱。
背景技术
在车辆上由气体存储造成的问题之一是在车辆事故的情况下、在损坏油箱的情况下和/或在过高压力上升的情况下爆炸的危险。现有人已经提出用于液化石油气车辆的放气阀，以便使气体逐渐泄漏，因为无论如何必须避免由大量压缩气体简单的压力突然释放而引起的爆炸危险。尽管这种解决方法在由加热造成的压力升高的情况下是适合的，但在对油箱造成直接损坏的情况下却是无用的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供对在车辆上存储高压流体问题的一种实际和通用解决方法。
根据本发明，该用来在车辆上存储高压流体的油箱形成车辆结构平台的整体部分，并且包括至少一个网络，该网络包括通过互连连通的大量腔室，该互连适于对由车辆所使用必需的流体消耗而引起的液体流动只呈现不影响所述使用的压力降，并且适于在一个或多个腔室破裂的情况下，泄漏的流动可引起足够大的压力降以限制其流动。
该平台构成车辆的工作承载结构。以这种方式，把机械目的与存储目的协调地相结合，与通常用来在压力下存储流体的圆柱体相比，这种结合具有非常显著提高的安全性，这使得有可能构造提供足够总体积的足够刚性平台。该互连允许气体从一个腔室循环到另一个，但是大大限制了其流量。以这种方式，对于车辆的通常功能必需的循环不受影响，因为对于车辆的通常功能必需的从一个腔室到另一个的通道流动较低，这仅引起非常低的压力降与通常操作完全相容。在表明本发明的和下面详细描述的例子中，每个互连由一个小孔形成。小孔当然具有小尺寸，以便完成上述功能。然而，能想象其它解决方法，如在腔室间壁的至少部分中的多孔材料。
在事故的情况下，如果腔室的一个或多个被刺穿，只有包含在这个腔室中的气体量能迅速逃逸到大气中，包含在所有其它腔室中的气体肯定能够逃逸，但由于在各个腔室之间的压力降而大大减小其流量。以这种方式，在损坏油箱的情况下避免了大量气体的迅速释放。
在存储电池起作用必需的氢的燃料电池车辆中，有可能把这种方案应用于储氢箱和储氧箱。自然这种方案也能只应用于储氢箱，例如在其中通过压缩环境空气供给电池工作必需的氧的情况下。
在一个特别较佳的实施例中，特别是为了限制车辆重量，结构平台形成一个底盘，所述车辆的各种元件安装在这个底盘上。本发明的这种具体布置当然适用于所有类型的车辆，条件是必须在高压下存储流体，尽管已经选择借助于燃料电池车辆表明本发明，但具体的选择当然没有限制特性。
附图说明
在如下图中：
·图1示出了一客车；
·图2表明在图1中示出的车辆底盘的制造阶段；
·图3是沿图2中的IV-IV的截面；
·图4表示由图1中的箭头A指示的部分的放大图；
·图5表示一个变化实施例；
·图6是根据本发明的底盘的另一个变化实施例的平面图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，能看到其承载平台形成一个底盘10的小客车1。也能看到与底盘10制成整体以便具有整体机械强度的车体11。所有机械部件以及车门和内装饰安装在这种承载结构上，特别是包括车轮12和一个燃料电池13。把底盘设计成不仅形成车辆承载结构的部分，而且也与用来在车辆上存储加压气体的至少一个油箱形成整体。它可能是在高压下存储任何流体，例如液化石油气、压缩天然气或压缩氢或压缩氧，的情形。
每个油箱带有小体积的大量腔室2，由在图2至4中清晰可见的小孔3连接在一起。最好，设想油箱包括至少一百个，例如约一千个，连接在一起的腔室2。也可设想包括连接在一起的高达十万个腔室2的油箱的工业产品。
在一个或多个腔室2损坏的情况下，例如在由例如事故造成的冲击之后，损坏的腔室压力立即变为大气压力。然而，依靠与损坏腔室相邻的腔室壁的强度，一个或多个腔室的损坏不会引起串联破裂。流体以缓慢减小的压力暂时保持包含在相邻未受损的腔室中。未受损腔室到损坏腔室的泄漏流动由于小孔的存在而大大地受到限制。特别是，由于在小孔两侧的某一压力比，气体穿过小孔的流动速度限于声速，并且即使压力比增大速度也不会增大。
这里应该强调一个重要的定尺寸特性：每个腔室2的所有壁必须能够由本身单独承受流体的存储压力。这不排除在腔室网络内发生损坏的情况下，相邻腔室的壁在内部压力的影响下变化。弹性极限的超过是可接受的，但自然不能超过破裂极限。
当然，不能完全避免油箱的放空。然而，对于存储的约几公斤的大量氢，在一个或多个腔室损坏的情况下，放空油箱必需的时间能延长高达几分钟。因而避免爆炸效果。
即使这种设计导致增大在给定压力下存储给定量气体必需的总体积，这也不会成比例地增大油箱的重量，并且这真正使得有可能制造车辆的工作结构的油箱部分，这对于车辆的整体重量是有利的。
底盘10把油箱T1与连通腔室2形成整体，用来存储气态氢。示出的本发明车辆是不仅存储需要的氢而且存储压缩气体形式的氧的燃料电池车辆。在这种情况下，可能最好独立于车辆平台把气态氧存储在油箱中，例如对于常规技术的一个或多个圆筒形成的油箱。
也有可能在车辆的底盘10集成几个油箱，例如用来存储两种不同气体的两个油箱，油箱的每一个具有本发明的特性，如下面将要解释的那样。如有必要，能设想通过用来产生形成平台的底盘的材料(不会蔓延火焰的材料)的明智的选择和优选借助于下面将解释的其它预防措施同时存储氢和存储氧。
在图6中，能看到底盘10的一个第一区域，形成能够存储氢的油箱T1。底盘10的一个第二区域形成带有连通腔室2的第二油箱T2，自然不会与油箱T1的腔室2连通，油箱T2能够存储氧。
在油箱T1与油箱T2之间，优选留下一个区域，其在显著宽度上没有腔室，或者装有不连通或填充有惰性气体的死腔室，可与底座的总厚度可比较，以便限制氢和氧混合物的形成的危险，这种混合物具有爆炸性。在图1中示意表示的变化中，底盘一侧在其整个长度上能专供例如用于氧的油箱之用，而底盘另一侧在其整个长度上能专供例如用于氢的油箱之用，两个油箱当然能够由不带有腔室的一个分离区域5分离，所述分离区域具有足够大的宽度，或者装有不与相邻油箱中的腔室连通的腔室51，所述腔室放成与大气连通或者填充有可能在压力下、甚至在大于在油箱T1和T2中的流体压力的压力下的惰性气体。因而显著限制在侧冲击的情况下氧和氢混合物形成的危险。底盘优选不超过包括在轴之间的长度，并且在车辆的前部和后部处得到保护，且最好也由通过变化而吸收冲击的区域在横向上得到保护。
为了提高腔室的强度，最好使腔室的形状接近与通常采用的用于压缩气体的存储圆筒，例如，每个腔室最好包括一个中心部分和两个端部，中心部分的壁为大致的圆柱形，两个端部形成装配成一个球的壁。
现在给出如何可能产生这样一种油箱的描述，图3和4支持这种描述。由适当形状和体积的块(在平台仅集成氢油箱的情况下最好由铝制成)生产底盘，该块与底盘的最后特性相对应。块具有扁平的形状，带有一个第一表面22和基本上平行于第一表面的相对表面23。这个块用于例如能通过加工形成一个底座20，底座20具有与腔室一样多的凹口21。凹口21都从第一表面20向相对表面23延伸。他们都在第一表面22处打开，而在相对表面23处不打开。每个凹口21包括形状基本是圆柱形的一个第一部分24，并且在第一表面22与一个过渡台面25之间延伸，该过渡台面25设置在第一表面22与相对表面23之间。每个凹口21包括一个第二部分240，第二部分240首先延伸并且包括一个形成一个圆顶的壁26，圆顶的详细形状对于压力容器方面的技术人员是熟知的。小孔3设置在这个第二部分26中。
在图2中，能看到一个衬套27。使用与凹口一样多的衬套27。每个衬套包括一个其壁基本上是圆柱形的主体28。在主体28的外表面上，能看到肋280。主体28的外径小于或等于凹口21的第一部分24的内径。每个衬套27包括一个其内壁形成一个顶衬套的底部29。所有衬套27引入到凹口中，粘结要粘合的表面。肋280防止刮除所有粘合剂，并且在小体积281中提供积累的粘合剂(见图4)。这使得有可能以密封方式封闭凹口21，因而形成腔室2。在上述在衬套上示出的肋280可以用在凹口21的第一部分24的壁上形成的肋来代替。在后一种情况下，能为在较高内部压力的作用下通过其壁的变化为固定衬套作好准备。
在图3中，能看到，每个腔室2连接到所有相邻腔室上。应该强调，这并不是必须的，在图中表示的腔室之间能够设想所有连接组合，并且只有连接对于串联连接腔室是必需的。在图4中，能看到穿过底盘10的部分截面，详细表示由小孔3互连的腔室2。
已经描述了用来生产底座20的加工。然而，通过铸造，特别是熔模铸造，能生产这个或其至少一个毛坯。
在一种变化中，如图5中所示，有可能使用拧入凹口21B中的盖27B。在这种情况下，凹口21B的第一部分的壁包括一个螺纹28B。除螺纹外，壁还包括角度α的一个截头锥体表面29B。盖27B包括一个头部270B、一个螺纹凸缘271B、及一个其外表面也是相同角度α的载头锥体的裙部272B。裙部272B包括接收一个密封274B的一个槽273B。在头部270B与裙部272B之间，盖27B的壁变薄，从而腔室4内的压力越高，裙部越牢固地向截头锥体表面29B的表面压紧。因而避免密封的挤出问题。在螺纹中也有可能使用粘合剂，以便最后以密封方式固定底座和盖。
最后，当然，可能注意到，根据本发明的油箱填充速度可与在事故期间油箱放空的速度相比较。在图中表示的连接的选择有助于较短填充时间，所有其它事情是等同的。如果希望更迅速地填充这样一个油箱而不减小放空时间，则有可能提供经特定小孔并联供给几个非相邻腔室的器件，该器件装有在填充之后提供密封的阀。
在各种实施例中，也指示腔室不能与所有相邻腔室互连。油箱能包括仅串联连接的腔室网络、或串联连接的几个腔室网络，网络以并联连接。

Claims (17)

1.机动车辆的结构平台(10)，形成用于在车辆上在压力下存储流体的一个油箱(T1)，所述油箱包括通过互连而连接在一起的至少一个腔室(2)网络，该互连适于对由车辆使用所必需的流体消耗而引起的流体流动只呈现不影响所述使用的压力降，并且适于在一个或多个腔室破裂的情况下，泄漏的流动可引起足够高的压力降以限制其流量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构平台，其特征在于：包括经互连而连接在一起的至少一百个而不大于十万个腔室(2)的至少一个网络。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的结构平台，其特征在于：每种互连是由一个小孔(3)形成。
4.根据以上权利要求之一所述的结构平台，其特征在于：每个腔室包括其壁基本为圆柱形的中央部分、和在两端处的顶盖。
5.根据以上权利要求之一所述的结构平台，其特征在于：包括多个串联连接在一起的腔室的网络，这些网络以并联方式连接。
6.根据以上权利要求之一所述的结构平台，其特征在于：包括一个通过特定小孔以并联方式供给多个非相邻腔室的器件，该器件装有在填充之后提供密封的阀。
7.根据以上权利要求之一所述的结构平台，其特征在于：该平台集成有用来存储另一种不同流体的第二独立油箱。
8.根据权利要求7所述的结构平台，其特征在于：该第二油箱(T2)包括至少一个经互连连接在一起的腔室(2)网络，该互连适于对由车辆使用所必需的流体消耗而引起的流体流动只呈现不影响所述使用的压力降，并且适于在一个或多个腔室破裂的情况下，泄漏的流动可引起足够高的压力降以限制其流量。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的结构平台，其特征在于：包括一个底座(20)，该底座带有数量与腔室(2)一样多的凹口(21)，该底座具有扁平的形状，并带有一个第一表面(22)和基本上平行于第一表面的相对表面(23)，所有凹口都从第一表面到相对表面延伸并且都在第一表面处打开而在相对表面处不打开，每个凹口由一个密封固定的盖(27)封闭从而形成一个腔室，所述小孔设置在底座中，以使凹口连通。
10.根据权利要求9所述的结构平台，其特征在于：每个凹口包括具有基本为圆柱形状的第一部分(24)，其在第一表面(22)与设置在第一表面与相对表面之间的过渡台面(25)之间延伸，每个凹口包括一个第二部分(240)，第二部分首先延伸并且包括形成一个顶盖的壁(26)。
11.根据权利要求9所述的结构平台，其特征在于：每个盖(27)包括一个主体(28)，其壁基本为圆柱形并且具有小于或等于每个凹口第一部分内径的外径，每个盖(27)包括一个底部(29)，所有衬套插入并粘合地粘结在凹口内。
12.根据权利要求9所述的结构平台，其特征在于：每个衬套(27B)拧入到凹口(21B)中，并带有密封(274B)。
13.根据权利要求8至12之一所述的结构平台，其特征在于：在油箱(T1)与油箱(T2)之间，设置有一个不带腔室的分离区域(5)。
14.根据权利要求8至12之一所述的结构平台，其特征在于：在油箱(T1)与油箱(T2)之间，设置有一个装有不与相邻油箱腔室连通的腔室(51)的分离区域(5)。
15.装有根据权利要求1至14之一所述的结构平台(10)的车辆，其特征在于：该底盘至少部分地形成有在其上安装有所述车辆的各种元件的承载结构。
16.根据权利要求15所述的车辆，其特征在于：包括一个燃料电池，该集成在结构平台中的油箱提供气态氢的存储。
17.根据权利要求16所述的车辆，其特征在于：包括一个燃料电池(13)、和集成在结构平台中的两个油箱(T1和T2)，该油箱中的一个提供气态氢的存储而另一个油箱提供气态氧的存储。
CNA2003101212930A 2002-12-18 2003-12-17 用于车辆燃料高压存储的油箱 Pending CN1511723A (zh)

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JP2004211890A (ja) 2004-07-29
US7021661B2 (en) 2006-04-04
KR20040054510A (ko) 2004-06-25
EP1431096A2 (fr) 2004-06-23
US20040140662A1 (en) 2004-07-22

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