CN1511010A - 病人监视中告警限的自适应选择 - Google Patents
病人监视中告警限的自适应选择 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过为病人的生理特征建立一个当前告警限,来监视病人。为生理特征提供一个传感器,和利用传感器测量病人生理特征的测量值。响应于提供和测量步骤中的至少一个步骤,选择一个修正的告警限。这个修正的告警限通常替代当前告警限。当生理特征的测量值不处于当前告警限定义的可接受的范围内时,当前告警限用于触发一些动作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及病人生理特征的监视,尤其是与建立一个告警限(warning limit)有关,利用该告警限来显示需要立即注意的生理特征的变化。
背景技术
传感技术、电子学和通信技术的提高,使病人即使是在不卧床、也不与医院监视系统有持续的直接的联系时,都可能对病人的生理特征进行监视。例如,美国5959529号专利描述了一个监视系统,其中病人携带一个与生理传感器相关联的远程监视单元。根据病人的医疗问题,诸如心跳及其波形,远程监视单元对病人的一个或多个生理特征进行持续的监视。
在规定条件下,远程监视单元与中央单元联系,传送有关病人状况的信息。通信可以通过常规报告方式(如在晚上病人睡觉时,通过有线电话线进行的每天一次的例行报告)来完成,或通过紧急报告方式来完成,以表示一个事件的重要性,其中病人可能需要即刻注意(如,病人感觉不舒适或疾病发作时,通过移动电话连接)。远程监视单元包括逻辑,其通常可称作告警限,用于判断是否通过紧急方式进行通信。告警限通常基于特定事件的评价标准的特性,也基于选定标准的一个定量阈值。
在本发明的前期研究中,发明者已经观察到,告警限的这些基本原则的应用在概念上很简单,但实际应用中却非常复杂。尽管一些生理特征可以在病历(textbook manner)中描述,但在日常情况中会遇到病例描述中的大量变化。例如,在传感器性能、个体特征和反应、个人经历等方面的变化,使建立普遍适用的告警限或对同一病人在任何情况下都适用的告警限变得非常困难。
从病人安全的立场来看,通常以保守方式来选择告警限。也就是说,最好是能够进行多于必要情况下的紧急通信,而不是在必要时不能进行紧急通信。另一方面,按照远程监视单元的能量消耗(建立和维持无线电话连接消耗更大的能量,因此缩减电池的使用寿命)、电话连接的时间花费和中央单元的资源利用,太多的紧急通信是很浪费的。
由于这些原因,在真正具有紧急情况特征时,建立实际告警限是重要的。目前,没有满足这一要求的可行方法,因此建立用于这些情况的告警限是必要的。本发明满足这一需求,并进一步提供相关优势。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于监视病人的技术,必要时递归地再评估一个或多个告警限。在无人干预下,给告警限做有计划的改变,但在一些情况下,可以有人检查所计划的变化,以确保合理性。本方法与医护人员所做的告警限调整完全兼容。本方法允许病人监视系统可连续改善,并通过自适应性学习过程为个别病人和个别监视系统进行定制。
根据本发明,监视一个病人的方法包括为病人的生理特征建立当前告警限的多个步骤。例如,给诸如心跳等生理特征提供一个传感器,并利用传感器测量病人生理特征的测定植。测定值与当前告警限做比较,如果测定值超出当前告警限所定义的值,响应比较的步骤,产生一个警报信号。该方法包括选择一个修正告警限,最好是在无人干预时(也就是自动地),对提供和测量的至少一个步骤作出响应。换句话说,自动化系统根据人为修正可以建议修正。
选择修正的告警限步骤以对任何情况都要作出响应。例如,可以决定传感器的操作特性,并为响应传感器操作特性的决定,可以选择修正告警限。一个修正告警限的选择可以替代响应测量步骤,测量的步骤是作为时间的函数执行的,且其中选择的步骤以测定值来响应时间的变化,或响应一个时间值。另外,修正告警限的选择还可对第二个生理特征或病史(patient history)作出响应。
在一实施例中,利用一个包括与病人相关联的远程监视单元、中央单元和通信设备的监视仪器来实现本发明,该通信设备在远程监视单元与中央单元之间选择性地建立通信连接,以响应警报信号。这个仪器提供一个实时紧急通信能力。在其它可操作条件下也可实现,如其数据是周期性地被传送的监视器、非移动的情况、如此等等。
本发明使病人得到监视,并根据时间进一步精确定义病人生理条件下的可接受限度。随着监视仪器适应个别病人的连续经历,非必要的紧急通信的发生将会减少。结果是,资源的有效利用将会随着时间而增加。另外,监视仪器发现哪个告警限对于个别病人是最有意义的,从而增加了警报产生的精确性。
从对随后提出的实施例进行更详尽地描述,结合附图可以看出,本发明的其它特点和优势是明显的,附图以实例的形式阐明了本发明的原理。虽然发明的范围并不限于这个提出的优选实施例。
附图说明
图1是一个用于实现本方法的方框流程图;和
图2是一个本发明所使用的优选仪器的简化的示意框图。
具体实施方式
图1描述一个实现本发明的方法。用数字20表示所提供的一个监视仪器。监视仪器可具有任一可操作的形式,监视仪器50的一个优选形式如图2所示。监视仪器50以简单的形式示意,仅示意了本发明需要讨论的部分。监视仪器50通常如同美国专利5959529所揭示的,该专利所揭示的内容以参考的方式并入此处,但本文讨论时进行了修改。
监视仪器50包括不卧床病人所携带的远程监视单元(RMU)52和中央单元(CU)54。中央单元54典型地是一个文件服务器或网络。也可使用其它远程监视单元,如非“便携式”的、但可放在病人家中或医院的固定位置的设备。传感器56检测病人的生理特征,并典型地与病人相连接。(“病人”是广义上的使用,可指被监视的一个人。)根据参数——需监视的病人的数量,可以有一个传感器或多个传感器56。可操作传感器56的实例包括一个心脏监视传感器、一个血压监视传感器、一个体温监视传感器、一个呼吸传感器、一个脑电波传感器、一个血液化学成分传感器、一个血糖传感器、一个血液氧含量传感器、一个病人位置传感器、一个病人活动传感器。不同类型的传感器为本领域所知,它们的构造以及操作的细节并不构成本发明的一部分。
在每种情况下,传感器56必要时通过即时信号调节设备(在这里没有描述),与远程监视单元52的中央处理单元(CPU)58进行通信。中央处理单元58执行传感器56的信号分析,下面将会讨论。同样,中央单元54包括一个完成计算和分析的中央处理单元(CPU)60,下面将会讨论。(如上所述,中央单元54和其CPU60可以是任一可操作类型,诸如专用系统、网络或文件服务器。)远程监视系统52和中央单元54可通过位于远程监视系统52中的收发器62与位于中央单元54中的通信收发器64彼此进行双向通信。收发器62、64可包括任一可操作类型的通信设备。例如,它们可包括一个调制解调器,以建立利用传统的进行日常通信的地面有线电话进行通信。它们还可包括一个蜂窝电话收发器,以建立紧急情况下的通信。还可使用收发器62、64在病人与中央单元54中的人员进行双向语音通信。本发明通过自适应地选择告警限发送需进行紧急通信的信号,部分地涉及了标准的建立,来判断何时通信应该是例行性的,还是紧急的。中央单元54提供一个接口,允许病人的医师进行中央处理单元60的推荐行为的人员检查66。
回到图1的讨论,数字22表示,建立一个当前告警限。当前告警限涉及传感器56监视的生理状况的类型。例如,测量作为时间的函数电压的心脏传感器中,告警限可涉及能从心脏传感器输出到中央处理单元58确定的任何类型的信息。例如,告警限的实例可包括,心跳的频率、心跳波形的特定部分的形状、特定部分心跳信号的波幅或其它信号特点。这还可是被置于部分这类告警限上的定量值(quantitativevalues),如每分钟心跳的最大或最小值、最大或最小幅度、每分钟(或小时)特定形状或类型的特点的最大数量,等等。当前告警限通常在步骤22建立,根据负责病人的医疗护理者的经验得到输入值。
数字24表示,利用传感器56来测量病人的生理特征,然后提供给中央处理单元58。例如,在心脏传感器的例子中,数据输出是一系列做为时间(由中央处理单元58的时钟提供)的函数的传感器电压输出的数据对。
中央处理单元58初步评估传感器信号。数字26表示,它可有选择地评估传感器性能。例如,众所周知,一些传感器的性能随时间而退化。就是说,如果一个特征,如相同的心跳由两个传感器测量,若非其中一个已用了五天,而另一个是新的而导致它们的输出电压不同,那么它们的测量结果应是相同的。如果一个告警限基于这个电压输出,那么使用过的传感器和新传感器得到不同的性能。传感器性能的变化可由任何可操作的方法跟踪,如校正信号或历史信息。步骤26的传感器评估记录这些随时间的变化。
数字28表示传感器信号被解释。解释步骤28从传感器信号中提取有用类型的信息。例如,如果有用的信息是心跳的频率,则使用计数过程。如果有用信息是电压-时间输出的形状,则使用曲线-形状分析过程。这种解释技术的方法学在技术领域中众所周知。
数字30表示利用这个信息执行事件检测。事件检测优选包括,把来自解释步骤28的一个特征的测量值与步骤22所提供的那个特征的当前告警限进行比较。例如,每分钟心率是否超过100,或每分钟或每小时的心跳形状是否超过选定数量,都是很重要的。如呼吸速率、血压等,其它测量的生理特征也可以进行比较。
数字34所表示与当前告警限的比较被用于判断是否一个发生的事件要求远程监视单元52和中央单元54之间进行紧急通信。该判断基于单一变量或多重变量。数字36表示,例如,如果心跳超过心跳告警限值,血液氧含量水平也超过心跳告警限值,则可呼叫一个紧急通信。基于这个判断,存储数据用于以后的例行性的通信,或者数字38表示,激活收发器62、64用来向中央单元54进行紧急发送。
当前告警限判断远程监视单元52是否将在紧急、直接的基础上建立一个与中央单元54的电话或其它通信连接。在这种情况下,中央单元54将被调用,以直接地或通过联系紧急服务提供者为病人提供帮助,或者可以判断根本不存在紧急情况。在紧急情况真正存在时建立紧急通信是很重要的。也有必要,紧急情况不存在时,最大限度减少通信的建立,以保存远程监视单元的电池能量,最大限度减少不必要的蜂窝电话时间收费,及最大限度减少对医护人员的使用,他们可能在紧急情况不真正存在时被调用以检查情况。
数字40表示,为了提高系统的效率,无人员干预(也就是,“自动地”)时,优选但非必要选择修正的告警限。在一些情况下,这个选择可由远程监视单元52执行,在其它情况下,通过通信连接由中央单元54来执行。对告警限的一些修订实际上是机械性的,几乎不要求任何人员检查。例如,如果传感器的敏感度随着时间而改变,使得电压输出阈值告警限从以前的9.60毫伏变化到9.55毫伏,以便保持系统对恒定水平的信号幅度的敏感,则远程监视单元52通常改变告警限。另一方面,与医疗条件紧密关联的改变更可能要求一个医疗检查。从而,如果每分钟100次的心跳频率告警限变为每分钟120次,其基于增加的经验,以便当需要紧急通信时,获得一个较好的指示,中央单元54的中央处理单元60最好是基于数据分析和无人员干预的情况下提出建议,然后,在人员检查66情况下,病人的医生或医疗技术人员这类人批准这个变化。这些基于医疗评估的变化通常发生得较少,更多的是对例行通信、而不是对紧急通信作出响应。
修正告警限的选择可能存在很多根据,但总体上可分为几个类型。
一个根据是与仪器有关,如上文讨论的传感器敏感度变化的例子。
另一个根据是基于单个值测量的生理特征的告警限的变化。例如,每分钟100次心跳的告警限可能是痛苦的一个重要的预示且对第一个病人来说是一种紧急情况,但第二个病人自然地具有在这个告警限以上的较高的心率,以至于每分钟100次心跳的告警限造成了许多非必要的紧急通信。对第二个病人经过一定时间获得的经验,将为其建立一个更实际的告警限。
另一根据是两个或多个被测量的生理特征间的关联性。例如,如果一个病人休息时呼吸频率小于每分钟15次,心率每分钟超过100次就意味着痛苦。如果病人运动且呼吸频率等于或大于每分钟15次,每分钟超过100次的心率可能非常正常。另一方面,如果是后者的情况,每分钟超过130次的心率,且呼吸频率大于每分钟15次,可能意味着紧急情况。对应于呼吸频率可因此而选择心跳告警限。
另一个根据是一个被测量的生理特征与一个非生理参数的关联性。例如,每天有16个小时,每分钟100次心跳是完全正常的,但从晚上11点至第二天早上7点的休息时段,休息时的心率增加到每分钟100次可能意味着紧急情况。因而,告警限可根据白天/晚上的活动而与绝对时间相关联,或它与病人的生理节奏有关联。在另一个例子中,如果远程监视单元配备有加速计,每分钟超过100次的心率伴随着一个高度暂时性的加速计读数,可能表示病人已跌倒、受伤而不能进行其它通信。
另一个根据是解释步骤28所要求信息的完全改变。它可能最初被认为是,病人痛苦的一个良好的客观关联是心率。但一段时间后发现,每小时发生超过三次的过早心室收缩(PVCs)是一个更可靠的表明病人痛苦和紧急情况的预示。解释步骤28因此由计算心跳改为波形分析。
本发明并不想标明告警限中所做的修正的每一个具体类型。实际上,存在和要被监视的病人一样多的修正类型。本发明的重点是提供技术和方法,允许监视仪器进行自适应地更新,确定何时需要紧急通信,而不是例行通信。
虽然为了说明的目的,这里详细描述了本发明的一个特定的实施例,但在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以作出多种的变化和改进。因此,除了本权利要求,本发明的范围并不受到限制。
Claims (19)
1.一种监视病人的方法,其包括:
为病人的生理特征建立一个当前告警限;
提供生理特征的传感器;
利用传感器测量病人生理特征的测量值;和
对提供和测量步骤的至少一个步骤,选择修正的告警限。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,选择步骤之后,包括另外一个步骤,人员检查这个修正的告警限。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的提供步骤还包括下列步骤:
获得传感器,和
确定传感器的操作特征,其中的选择步骤对确定传感器的操作特征步骤作出响应。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的选择步骤是对测量步骤作出响应。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的测量步骤是作为时间的函数执行的,其中的选择步骤是对时间值作出响应。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的选择步骤还对第二个生理特征作出响应。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的选择步骤还对病史作出响应。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,在提供和测量步骤之后,还包括另外一个步骤,
对测量值与当前告警限进行比较,和
对应于比较步骤,产生一个告警信号。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,另外包括提供监视仪器的步骤,其包括:
与病人关联的一个远程监视单元
一个中央单元,和
一个通信设备,其用于在远程监视单元和中央单元之间建立通信连接,对告警信号作出响应,且其中选择步骤至少部分由中央单元执行。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的生理特征是心脏的特征。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的选择步骤是在无人干预的条件下执行的。
12.一种监视病人的方法,包括提供监视仪器的步骤,其包括:
与病人关联的一个远程监视单元
一个中央单元,和
一个通信设备,其用于在远程监视单元和中央单元之间选择性地建立通信连接,以对告警信号作出响应;
为病人的生理特征建立一个当前告警限;
作为远程监视单元的一部分,为生理特征提供传感器;
利用传感器测量病人生理特征的测量值;
对测量值与当前告警限进行比较;
响应比较步骤,产生一个告警信号;
响应提供传感器、比较、测量,和用这个修正的告警限替代当前告警限中至少一个步骤,选择修正的告警限,中央单元至少部分地执行选择步骤;和
重复提供传感器、比较和测量步骤。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,选择步骤之后,包括另外一个步骤,人员检查这个修正的告警限。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中的提供步骤包括以下步骤:
获得传感器,和
确定传感器的操作特征,其中的选择步骤是对确定传感器的操作特征步骤作出响应。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中的选择步骤是对测量步骤作出响应。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法,提供和测量步骤之后,包括另外一个步骤,
对测量值与当前告警限进行比较,和
产生一个告警信号以响应比较步骤。
17.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中的选择步骤是在无人干预的条件下执行的。
18.一种监视病人的方法,其包括以下步骤:
为病人的生理特征建立一个当前告警限;
为生理特征提供一个传感器;
作为时间函数,评估传感器的特征;
利用传感器,作为时间函数,测量病人生理特征的测量值;
对测量值与当前告警限进行比较;和
响应于提供和测量步骤中的至少一个步骤,选择告警限的一个修正值。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中的选择步骤是在无人干预的条件下执行的。
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EP (2) | EP1381309B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2004529704A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20040015124A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1511010A (zh) |
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-
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- 2002-04-22 CA CA002444741A patent/CA2444741C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-22 AU AU2002338433A patent/AU2002338433B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-04-22 WO PCT/US2002/012872 patent/WO2002085200A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-04-22 DE DE60238474T patent/DE60238474D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-22 CN CNA028103394A patent/CN1511010A/zh active Pending
- 2002-04-22 ES ES02764319T patent/ES2355610T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-22 KR KR10-2003-7013868A patent/KR20040015124A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-22 EP EP02764319A patent/EP1381309B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-22 JP JP2002582786A patent/JP2004529704A/ja active Pending
- 2002-04-22 EP EP10178619.2A patent/EP2298158B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102667785A (zh) * | 2009-11-24 | 2012-09-12 | 弗雷塞尼斯医疗保健德国有限责任公司 | 适配阈值窗口的方法、控制设备、医学治疗装置以及医学监视装置 |
CN110277161A (zh) * | 2009-11-24 | 2019-09-24 | 弗雷塞尼斯医疗保健德国有限责任公司 | 适配阈值窗口的方法、控制设备、医学治疗装置以及医学监视装置 |
US10551803B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2020-02-04 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Method for adapting threshold windows, control device, medical treatment apparatus and medical monitoring apparatus |
CN104145470A (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-11-12 | 摩托罗拉移动有限责任公司 | 自适应移动通信设备功能 |
CN104969227A (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-10-07 | 德卡产品有限公司 | 用于电子病人护理的系统、方法和设备 |
CN108887197A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-11-27 | i4c创新公司 | 用于监测动物的健康卫生的多种传感器 |
CN109416819A (zh) * | 2016-07-05 | 2019-03-01 | 诺为搜索公司 | 用于房间内的人员的监控系统 |
WO2021077288A1 (zh) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | 报警系统及报警方法 |
CN114072044A (zh) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-02-18 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | 报警系统及报警方法 |
Also Published As
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KR20040015124A (ko) | 2004-02-18 |
ES2355610T3 (es) | 2011-03-29 |
US6569095B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
EP2298158B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP1381309A2 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
EP1381309B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
CA2444741A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
US20020156352A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
WO2002085200A2 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
DE60238474D1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
WO2002085200A3 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
AU2002338433B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CA2444741C (en) | 2007-11-13 |
EP2298158A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
JP2004529704A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
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