CN1487641B - Grounding direction relay system - Google Patents

Grounding direction relay system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1487641B
CN1487641B CN031278183A CN03127818A CN1487641B CN 1487641 B CN1487641 B CN 1487641B CN 031278183 A CN031278183 A CN 031278183A CN 03127818 A CN03127818 A CN 03127818A CN 1487641 B CN1487641 B CN 1487641B
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China
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phase
zero
fault
voltage
current
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CN031278183A
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CN1487641A (en
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加濑高弘
园部泰孝
天羽秀也
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
    • H02H3/382—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current involving phase comparison between current and voltage or between values derived from current and voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/081—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current and depending on the direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
    • H02H3/385—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current using at least one homopolar quantity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/44—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)

Abstract

A directional ground relay (50) for receiving electric values relating to voltage and current from a power transmission line (1) to be protected. The directional ground relay may decide a direction ofa fault in the power transmission line based upon the electric values. The directional ground relay comprises a zero-phase sequential current calculation unit (10-2) for calculating a zero-phase sequential current based upon the current detected from the power transmission line. The directional ground relay further comprises a phase-comparison unit (10-3) configured to compare a phase of the zero-phase sequential current to a phase of voltage corresponding to the voltage in the power transmission line, to decide whether the zero-phase sequential current is within a pre-determined range, and to output the phase of the voltage as a faulty phase of voltage, when the zero-phase sequential current is within the pre-determined range.

Description

The directional ground relay system
Technical field
Relate generally to directional ground relay of the present invention system relates in particular to a kind of electrical power transmission system of protecting to prevent the relay system of high resistance grounding fault.
Background of invention
As the 37-1 volumes in 1981 in " report of electronic technology EASD ", the 49th, 50 and 54 page described, usually surveys the high resistance grounding fault by the phase relation between zero-phase-sequence current and the zero phase sequence voltage, and its full content is hereby incorporated by.
Such directional ground relay has forward ground connection directional detection element and reverse ground connection directional detection element.This directional ground relay is set zero phase sequence voltage V 0As a reference, and if zero-phase-sequence current I 0Delay-V 0, judge to have forward earth fault, and if zero-phase-sequence current I 0In advance-V 0, judge to have negative sense earth fault.
Figure 21 illustrates the feature example of above-mentioned typical directional ground relay.In Figure 21, " θ " represents the peak response angle of this directional ground relay.
Figure 22 and 23 illustrates to use has the example that the output of the directional ground relay of characteristic (especially can survey the earth fault forward detecting element 21 of forward fault) as shown in figure 21 comes the logical sequence circuit of trip circuit circuit breaker.Figure 22 illustrates the situation when tripping operation local circuit circuit breaker.In order to confirm operation, logical sequence as shown in figure 22 has timer 12 (delay timer) to postpone the work output of earth fault forward detecting element 21.Thus, can use directional ground relay as duplicate relay.Label " 13 " representative is used for the trip signal output signal of phase A, B and C.
Figure 23 illustrates another example that carries out the logical sequence circuit of fast trip when starting earth fault forward detecting element 21 and receiving the permission signal.In Figure 23, allow signal by allowing signal receiving unit 14 to receive, and come the output of receiving element 14 and the output of timer 12 by AND gate circuit 36.The output of sending AND gate circuit 36 is as being used for each trip signal output signal of 13 mutually.By allowing signal transmitting unit 18 to send the far-end that outputs to of timer 12.
When the directional ground relay of use shown in Figure 22 or 23 was used to trip, the time that is provided with that is used for the delay timer 12 of operation acknowledgement was set to zero second.When using directional ground relay as duplicate relay, the time that is provided with of delay timer 12 typically was set to the hundreds of millisecond by several seconds.
Aforesaid directional ground relay utilizes zero-phase-sequence current I 0With zero phase sequence voltage V 0Even under the high resistance grounding fault, also can judge fault direction, but cannot judge the fault phase.But because fault current is very little under the high resistance grounding fault, tripping operation simultaneously comprises that normal phase and mutually all of fault mutually will be than allowing fault continue more gravely to influence whole electric power system.Thus, when for high resistance grounding fault trip circuit-breaker, the fault phase only should trip.In addition, when earth resistance is very high, zero phase sequence voltage V 0May be very little, and can not judge fault direction.
Summary of the invention
Thus, the invention has the advantages that earth-fault relay that a kind of improvement is provided and a kind of earth fault relay system of improvement, even also can judge the direction of fault in the high resistance grounding fault, and the fault phase that only trips.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of directional ground relay is provided, its be set to receive with from the electric numerical value that the voltage and current of protected three-phase power transmission line is relevant.This directional ground relay is set to judge according to electric numerical value the direction of fault in power transmission line.Directional ground relay comprises the zero-phase-sequence current computing unit, and it is set to calculate zero-phase-sequence current according to the electric current that detects from power transmission line.Directional ground relay also comprises the unit of comparing, its be configured to when zero-phase-sequence current in preset range the time, comparing mutually of the phase of zero-phase-sequence current and arbitrary phase voltage, whether in preset range, and output voltage is mutually as the fault phase that the voltage of forward earth fault wherein takes place with the phase of judging zero-phase-sequence current.
Provide a kind of directional ground relay system according to another aspect of the present invention; comprise directional ground relay, its be configured to according to from the voltage and current that protected three-phase power transmission line is detected relevant electric numerical computations zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage.This directional ground relay is set to judge according to the phase relation of zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage the direction of earth fault in power transmission line.This system also comprises transient current-variation relay, and it is configured to start this transient current-variation relay when changing than predetermined speed faster speed when phase current.This system also comprises the faulted phase decision unit, and it is configured to when judging that by directional ground relay earth fault is the forward fault, and judgement is the phase that wherein breaks down corresponding to the transient current variation relay that starts mutually.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of directional ground relay system is provided, comprising: first directional ground relay, its be configured to receive with from the electric numerical value that the voltage and current of protected three-phase power transmission line is relevant.This directional ground relay is configured to judge according to a plurality of electric numerical value the direction of fault in power transmission line.Directional ground relay comprises: the zero-phase-sequence current computing unit, and it is configured to calculate zero-phase-sequence current according to the electric current that detects from power transmission line; With the unit of comparing, it is configured to when zero-phase-sequence current is in preset range, the phase of zero-phase-sequence current is compared mutually with voltage corresponding to voltage in power transmission line, judging zero-phase-sequence current whether in preset range, and output voltage is mutually as the voltage failure phase that forward earth fault wherein takes place.This system also comprises second directional ground relay, and it is provided as basis about the voltage and current that detects from the three-phase power transmission line relevant electric numerical computations zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage.This directional ground relay is configured to judge according to the phase relation of zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage the direction of earth fault in power transmission line.System also comprises the faulted phase decision unit, and it is configured to when second directional ground relay is judged the forward fault, and what judgement wherein started first ground directional relay is the fault phase mutually.
According to another aspect of the present invention; a kind of directional ground relay system is provided; comprise: directional ground relay, its be configured to according to from the voltage and current that protected three-phase power transmission line is detected relevant electric numerical computations zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage.This directional ground relay is configured to judge according to the phase relation of zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage the direction of earth fault in power transmission line.This system comprises transmitter and receiver and transient current-variation relay, this transmitter and this receiver are configured to switching signal between local side and far-end, and this transient current changes relay configuration for starting this transient current-variation relay when changing than predetermined speed faster speed when phase current.If allow signal to allow signal to receive permission signal and directional ground relay when not having the detecting reverse fault mutually and to the far-end transmission when receiving from remote relay with the output of output transient current-variations relay from the far-end relay of local side if dispose this system, trip signal is exported in startup to the transient change relay of local side mutually, and allowing a signal to be transferred to far-end.
Brief description of drawings
Above-mentioned and further feature of the present invention and advantage will become obviously from the following discussion of in conjunction with the accompanying drawings specific example illustrative embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates block diagram common and the protection relay system that is used in combination according to various embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the functional process unit of first embodiment of directional ground relay of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the performance plot according to first embodiment of directional ground relay of the present invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates the block diagram of first example that being used to of combining with various embodiment according to directional ground relay of the present invention produces the logical sequence circuit of trip signal signal;
Fig. 5 illustrates the block diagram of second example that being used to of combining with a kind embodiment according to directional ground relay of the present invention produces the logical sequence circuit of trip signal signal;
Fig. 6 is the performance plot according to the modification of first embodiment of directional ground relay of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the fault locality is shown and allows relation between the signal transmission;
Fig. 8 is the performance plot of the required reverse detection directional ground relay of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the functional process unit of second embodiment of directional ground relay of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the performance plot according to the directional ground relay of second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the block diagram that is illustrated in the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce forward faulted phase decision signal in the third embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the performance plot that is used in according to the reverse detection directional ground relay in the third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is the block diagram that is illustrated in according to the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce forward faulted phase decision signal in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the block diagram that is illustrated in according to the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce forward faulted phase decision signal in the fifth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the performance plot of effect that the 5th embodiment of directional ground relay system is shown;
Figure 16 is the block diagram that is illustrated in according to the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce forward faulted phase decision signal in the sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 17 illustrates the schematic diagram of using the failure condition that is difficult to handle according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 18 is the block diagram that is illustrated in according to the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the trip signal output signal in the seventh embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 19 is the block diagram that is illustrated in according to the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the trip signal output signal in the eighth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 20 is illustrated in the block diagram that is used for the logical sequence circuit of generation trip signal output signal according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 21 is the performance plot of prior art directional ground relay;
Figure 22 is the block diagram of first example of logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the prior art of trip signal output signal;
Figure 23 is the block diagram of second example of logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the prior art of trip signal output signal.
Detailed description of the invention
In the above-mentioned explanation of the following description and background of invention, identical reference number is represented components identical, and may omit unnecessary explanation.
Fig. 1 is the hardware configuration block diagram that the protection relay system is shown, and this system may be used on the various embodiment of the earth fault protection relay system of the present invention of following explanation.
With reference to Fig. 1, by power transformer 2 that is used for detecting voltage and the current transformer 3 that is used for probe current, earth fault protection relay 50 is connected to three-phase AC (interchange) power transmission line 1.Relay 50 comprises transformer 4-1 and current transformer 4-2, and they are converted to suitable level the voltage output of surveying by power transformer 2 with by the electric current output that current transformer 3 is surveyed respectively, so that can handle the output that detects by digital processing unit 9.
Transformer 4-1 and current transformer 4-2 also make circuit and power transformer 2 and current transformer 3 electric insulations in the relay 50 respectively.
Relay 50 also comprises analog filter 5-1 and 5-2, is respectively applied for from the output of transformer 4-1 and current transformer 4-2 and removes radio-frequency component.Relay 50 also comprises sampling holder (sample holder) 6-1 and 6-2, and they are distinguished the output of periodic samples analog filter 5-1 and 5-2 and preserve sampled data.
Relay 50 also comprises multiplexer (MPX) 7 and analog to digital converter (A/D) 8, this multiplexer 7 receives the output of sampling holder 6-1 and 6-2 and rearranges data in order, and this analog to digital converter 8 is converted to digital signal to the output of multiplexer 7.Relay 50 also comprises digital processing unit 9, microcomputer for example, and it handles the output of analog to digital converter 8.
[first embodiment]
Fig. 2 is the block diagram according to the functional process unit of first embodiment of directional ground relay of the present invention.Can use digital processing unit 9 as shown in Figure 1 to realize this directional ground relay.With reference to Fig. 2, directional ground relay is integrally represented with 10.Relay 10 has digital filter 10-1, and it receives the digital signal of voltage " V " and electric current " I " from analog to digital converter 8, and exports the signal of " v " and " i " filtering respectively.
Directional ground relay 10 generally also has zero-phase-sequence current computing unit 10-2, and it uses equation (1) calculating as follows zero-phase-sequence current composition " 3I from electric current " i " 0", electric current " i " is the output of digital filter 10-1:
3I 0m＝i Am+i Bm+i Cm…(1)
Wherein subscript " m " is represented the standard sample time.Per 30 degree of supposing the AC cycle carry out sampled data.
Directional ground relay 10 generally also has the unit of comparing 10-3, its each phase V A, V BAnd V CVoltage and the zero-phase-sequence current I that receives from zero-phase-sequence current computing unit 10-2 0Compare, and judge that result calculated is whether in the service area.The unit 10-3 that for example compares can use I in following formula (2) 0And V ABetween the phase cosine of an angle:
I 0m*V Am＝|I 0| m|V A| mcosφ＝I 0mV Am+I 0(m-3)V A(m-3)≤|I 0| m|V A| mcosθ…(2)
Wherein " * " represents inner product operation, differing between " Φ " representative voltage and the electric current, and " θ " represents a set point.For example can calculate by following equation | I 0| and | V A|:
| I 0 | m = I 0 m 2 + I 0 ( m - 3 ) 2 …(3)
| V A | m = V Am 2 + V A ( m - 3 ) 2
Can similarly realize Zero-phase current I 0With B phase voltage V BBetween compare and Zero-phase current I 0With C phase voltage V CBetween compare.
Alternatively, can utilize the alternative inner product operation as shown in Equation (2) of apposition computing.
Arbitrary when entering as shown in Figure 3 shadow region with judgement when calculating, the unit 10-3 that compares also exports corresponding voltage mutually as the phase that positive phase fault wherein takes place, and this is with following detailed description." A " " B " and " C " each representative are used to export the output of each result of calculation mutually among the unit 10-3 that compares as shown in Figure 2.
With reference to the performance plot of Fig. 3, if because fault impedance is the little alternative high resistance grounding fault of earth fault that insignificant Metal Contact causes, the zero-phase-sequence current I of getting 0The line impedence composition of Z=j ω L+R will be depended primarily on; Wherein " j " is the imaginary number unit, and " ω " is angular frequency, and " L " is that reactance and " R " are impedances.Can for a short time zero-phase-sequence current I must can be ignored because compare R with ω L 0After the fault phase voltage, postpone about 90 degree.
But, in the present invention it in effective high resistance grounding fault, to be compared with the earth fault owing to Metal Contact, the impedance composition is bigger.Thus, false voltage and zero-phase-sequence current I 0Mutually will be near to together, and can judge the fault phase as mentioned above.
As an alternative, just as known in the art, the calculating that can utilize line voltage to be used for polarizing voltage substitutes each the phase V that utilizes in the above-described embodiments A, V BAnd V CVoltage.In this case, can obtain voltage V by following equation (4) corresponding to the voltage of (or being equivalent to) phase " A " A:
V′ Am＝αV Am-β(V Bm-3-V Cm-3)…(4)
Wherein " α " and " β " is arbitrary constant.
First embodiment according to above-mentioned directional ground relay can survey the high resistance grounding fault, and it can be surveyed by routine techniques.In addition, first embodiment by directional ground relay can judge the fault phase.
Figure 4 and 5 are block diagrams that the different instances of the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the trip signal signal is shown.These logical sequence circuit not only can be applied to the first embodiment of the present invention, and can be applied to other embodiment.
Fig. 4 illustrates the logical sequence circuit that produces the trip signal signal according to local side self.Each output mutually that is used for directed earth element 10-A, 10-B and 10-C is connected to the corresponding timer 12 that is used to confirm.For example when using directed earth element 10-A, 10-B and 10C to be used for stand-by protection, be used to confirm that the time that is provided with of timer 12 can be set to the hundreds of millisecond by several seconds.When using directed earth element 10-A, 10-B and 10-C to be used for instantaneous tripping operation, be used to confirm that the time that is provided with of timer 12 can be set to zero, it means confirms timer 12 short circuits.Timer 12 each output are used for the trip signal output signal 13 of each phase of local circuit circuit breaker.
Fig. 5 illustrates another logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the trip signal signal.This logical sequence circuit is communicated with the far-end that is used to exchange mutual permission signal, can consider the situation of far-end when judging tripping operation with box lunch.The permission signal that allows signal receiving unit 14 to receive from the far-end (not shown).Receive the output of permission signal receiving unit 14 and the output of timer 12 by AND gate 16.If when ground connection direction component 10-A, 10-B and 10-C have been activated, perhaps when detecting forward earth fault, receive from far-end and to allow signal, the circuit-breaker of the corresponding phase of local side is allowed to tripping operation.
OR-circuit 17 also receives the output of timer 12.When directed earth element 10-A, 10-B and 10-C wherein at least one A, B or C at local side mutually in when judging the forward fault, OR-circuit 17 output command signals are to allowing signal transmitting unit 18.Then, unit 18 sends to far-end and allows signal.
Now, the modification that the function of explanation first embodiment is revised.The functional-block diagram of this modification is identical with the functional-block diagram of as shown in Figure 2 first embodiment.In this modification, compare with situation shown in Figure 3, as shown in Figure 6 at the leading side (θ that narrows down to the service area of phase voltage 1＞θ 2).This is because zero-phase-sequence current I 0To arrive phase voltage V seldom in advance ABe provided with narrowlyer by leading side service area, can postpone the side service area be provided with broad.Thus, can widen detection operations district as directional ground relay.
The computational methods that are used for this situation are to shown in Figure 3 similar.For example use apposition as shown in Equation (5):
-|I 0| m|V A| msinθ 2≤|I 0| m|V A| msinφ＝I 0mV A(m-3)+I 0(m-3)V Am≤|I 0| m|V A| msinθ 1…(5)
The method that this modification of utilizing directional ground relay is used for the detecting reverse fault is discussed now.
When using directional ground relay to be used for the stand-by protection purpose, seldom need reverse fault to survey.But, when using directional ground relay to combine by the permission signal that sends from far-end to be used to trip, need the reverse fault detection with the interconnection device that is used for protection relay.
Fig. 7 illustrate respectively first and second electric substations (substation) 62 and 64 separately first and second directional ground relaies 52 and relationship example and the abort situation F between 54 positions.If as shown in Figure 7 fault F occur in second electric substation 64 oppositely, first relay 52 of first electric substation 62 will be surveyed it and send the permission signals as the forward fault and to second relay 54 of second electric substation 64.Suppose that second electric substation 64 has directional ground relay and reverse detection range relay, and suppose the highly sensitive of first directional ground relay 52 in the reverse detecting element of the reverse distance relay of holding in second electric substation.If second relay 54 can not the detecting reverse fault in this case, second relay 54 can be according to from the tripping operation of the permission signal error ground of first relay 52.If when local side can not detect fault, receive the permission signal from far-end, the Trip Logic sequence circuit of this embodiment can be configured to produce the permission signal.
Therefore, need have reverse fault detecting element as the level of sensitivity that is used for the forward fault-finding.
Fig. 8 is the performance plot that satisfies the reverse detecting element of above-mentioned needs.Fig. 8 illustrates C phase voltage reverse operation district as an example.By using " V C" carry out the calculating of reverse fault detecting element as voltage.
Modification according to above-mentioned first embodiment, by the permission signal that utilizes the reverse fault detecting element and send from far-end, even under the situation of high resistance grounding fault, fault is determined mutually and trips in internal fault, and high impedance fault can not be surveyed by prior art mutually.
[second embodiment]
Fig. 9 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the functional process unit of second embodiment of directional ground relay of the present invention.The directional ground relay 11 of second embodiment has digital filter 10-1, zero-phase-sequence current computing unit 10-2 and the unit 10-3 that compares, they with the directional ground relay 10 of first embodiment as shown in Figure 2 have identical.In addition, directional ground relay 11 has absolute value comparing unit 10-4, the absolute value that it can receive the output of zero-phase-sequence current computing unit 10-2 and can calculate zero-phase-sequence current.Directional ground relay 11 also has forward fault verification unit 10-5, and it can receive the output of unit 10-3 and absolute value comparing unit 10-4 of comparing, and whether can judge and satisfy " with " condition.
Absolute value comparing unit 10-4 can judge zero-phase-sequence current I by for example following formula (6) 0Whether be equal to or greater than I KThreshold value:
| I 0 | m 2 = I 0 m 2 + I 0 ( m - 3 ) 2 ≥ I k 2 - - - ( 6 )
Only when the condition of work of compare simultaneously unit 10-3 and absolute value comparing unit 10-4 is set up simultaneously, forward fault verification unit 10-5 can judge and has forward earth fault.
Shown in the shadow region of Figure 10, the service area of the directional ground relay 11 of second embodiment illustrates condition: zero phase sequential electric current I 0Absolute value be equal to or greater than I KThe value of setting and compare with phase voltage it in some district.
The directional ground relay of aforesaid second embodiment is can be to input error insensitive and can select fault phase for high impedance fault.
[the 3rd embodiment]
Described according to the third embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 11 and 12.Figure 11 is the block diagram that is illustrated in the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce forward faulted phase decision signal among the 3rd embodiment.Transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and the 19-C variation in can probe current.Transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B is that sensitive also can surveying high impedance fault wherein takes place mutually with 19-C.Transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C are by the electric current I at basic sampled point (m) mAbsolute value and in sampled point (m-12) electric current I M-12Absolute value between difference survey to change, sampled point (m-12) is prior to 1 cycle of basic sampled point, shown in following formula (7):
|ΔI| m＝||I m|-|I m-12||≥K …(7)
Wherein K is the constant corresponding to sensitivity.
As shown in figure 11, can receive the output that transient current changes element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C by single triggering (one-shot) timer 20, in case transient current changes element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C is activated, keep the output that transient current changes element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C in single triggering timing device 20 predetermined time cycle.
Label in Figure 11 " 21 " is represented directional ground relay, can use zero sequential electric current I mutually with reference to Figure 21 with 22 described directional ground relaies 0With zero phase time sequence voltage V 0Here use relay 21 as earth fault forward decision element.Relay 21 can have feature as shown in figure 12, itself and the feature similarity of prior art as shown in figure 21.Under the high impedance fault situation, relay 21 can be judged the direction of fault, but cannot judge the phase of fault.Figure 12 also illustrates peak response angle θ and the constant k 1 that is used for judging in peak response the sensitivity of zero phase sequential electric current.
As shown in figure 11, can pass through the output of AND gate circuit 16 receiving relays 21 and single triggering timing device 20 to judge the high resistance grounding fault mutually.When transient current changes one of element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C and is activated and keep from the work output of single triggering timing device 20 simultaneously and when starting forward directional ground relay 21, AND gate circuit 16 is surveyed high resistance grounding fault phases.
AND gate circuit 16 can be exported forward fault verification consequential signal 22-A, 22-B and 22-C, and each is used for a phase.
According to above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment, the forward detecting element 21 of the directional ground relay of use prior art is as the direction determining element, by zero phase sequential electric current I 0With zero phase time sequence voltage V 0Operation forward detecting element 21.Then, the 3rd embodiment and transient current-variation relay is in conjunction with surveying in the forward fault direction of high impedance fault and fault mutually.Then, the fault phase that only trips.
[the 4th embodiment]
Illustrated according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 13.In the 4th embodiment, some logic element of the following stated is added to the 3rd embodiment as shown in figure 11, so that can judge at each positive fault direction in mutually.Can receive the output of transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C by single triggering timing device 20, transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C integral body are represented by label " 19 ", and can receive the output of single triggering timing device 20 by OR-circuit 23.OR-circuit 23 produces output when one of transient current variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C are activated thus.Receive the output of OR-circuits 23 by "NOT" circuit 24, when transient current changed element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C neither one and is in the condition of work, "NOT" circuit 24 produced operation signals.By receive the output of "NOT" circuit 24 at the AND gate circuit 25 of following detailed description.
When local side output is used for the trip signal of any one phase, trip signal 26 becomes the work output of " 1 ".Receive trip signal 26 by "NOT" circuit 27 by AND gate circuit 25.The output of the forward fault-finding element 21 of AND gate circuit 25 reception directional ground relaies and the output of "NOT" circuit 24 and 27.If transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C neither one are in running order, if if start trip signal 26 and only start the forward fault-finding element 21 of directional ground relay, AND gate circuit 25 generation work output.
Confirm that by one timer 28 receives the output of AND gate circuit 25.Introduce to confirm timer 28 with prevent in the high resistance grounding fault select by AND gate circuit 16 and trip single-phase after in the trip condition of normal phase formation.Label " 29 " is represented OR-circuit.Respond corresponding AND gate circuit 16, OR-circuit 29 outputs are used for the forward fault verification consequential signal of each phase, do not make an amendment.When passing through the time cycle of being set by affirmation timer 28 after AND gate circuit 25 is started working, OR-circuit 29 is also exported forward earth fault result of determination signal.
According to the 4th embodiment, when starting transient current-variation relay by directional ground relay and surveying forward earth fault, open failure phase only.But, if be not activated transient current-variation relay, when only starting forward earth fault detection relay and when not having trip signal, then, judge that all three-phases are under the fault, and control tripping operation output.
[the 5th embodiment]
Illustrated according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 14 and 15.In the 5th embodiment, substitute transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and the 19-C that in third and fourth embodiment, uses as the faulted phase decision element at directed earth element 10-A, 10-B and the 10-C as directed earth element 10 described in first embodiment.
Further feature is identical with as shown in figure 11 the 3rd embodiment basically.Directed earth element 10-A, 10-B as shown in Figure 2 and 10-C not only have the faulted phase decision function but also have the directed decision-making function of fault.When this class ground connection direction component 10-A, 10-B and 10-C are used for the faulted phase decision element, can widen the working range of protection relay system.
Figure 15 illustrates the working range that the faulted phase decision element is widened.As shown in figure 15, when adding wide operating range, the reverse judgement working range of the forward of phase judgement working range and leading phase can be overlapped.As zero-phase-sequence current I 0When being in the overlay region, can not carry out the directed judgement of fault usually.But,, when directional ground relay 21 is judged the forward fault, can judge the forward fault of phase A because this embodiment has the directional ground relay 21 of separation.Similarly, when directional ground relay 21 is judged reverse fault, can judge the reverse fault of phase C.
[the 6th embodiment]
Illustrated according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention that with reference to Figure 16 Figure 16 is the block diagram that the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce forward faulted phase decision signal is shown.In the 6th embodiment, use described in second embodiment (Fig. 9) as directional ground relay 11-A, the 11-B of directional ground relay 11 and 11-C as the faulted phase decision element in the 5th embodiment (Figure 14).Further feature the 5th embodiment with shown in Figure 14 basically is identical.
In the 6th embodiment,, only judge to have the I of being equal to or greater than because use described in a second embodiment directional ground relay 11-A, 11-B and 11-C as the faulted phase decision element KThe zero phase sequential electric current I of certain value 0The high resistance grounding fault.The faulted phase decision and the direction determining that have noise and wrong high impedance can be provided.
[the 7th embodiment]
Illustrate according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 17 and 18.
In above-mentioned the 5th embodiment (Figure 16),, be difficult to survey in the far-end of second electric substation 64 fault at second relay 54 when when the interior point that approaches first electric substation 52 produces high impedance fault.Especially, when the position of fault F and the transmission line 1 between second relay 54 are very long, almost be impossible in the fault of surveying at second relay 54.Can reduce the problems referred to above of the 6th embodiment as shown in figure 18 by the 7th embodiment.
Figure 18 is the block diagram that is illustrated in the logical sequence circuit that is used to produce the trip signal output signal among the 7th embodiment.With reference to Figure 18, label " 30 " is represented the reverse detecting element of earth fault, and for example with reference to the as above description of Figure 12, it is to be used for by zero phase sequential electric current I 0With zero phase time sequence voltage V 0The common ground directional relay of detection failure direction.By the output of the reverse detecting element 30 of "NOT" circuit 31 reception earth faults, when the reverse detecting element 30 of earth fault did not detect reverse earth fault, this "NOT" circuit 31 produced the work output of " 1 ".
By single triggering timing device 20, receive the output of transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C and the output that allows signal receiving unit 14 and "NOT" circuit 31 by AND gate circuit 32.If if do not detect reverse earth fault and receive permission signal from far-end, AND gate circuit 32 produces the trip signal output signals, is used for the specific phase 13 of work corresponding to transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B and 19-C.Receive the output of AND gate circuit 32 by OR-circuit 17.When sending to any phase time, the tripping operation output command starts OR-circuit 17.By allowing signal transmitting unit 18, the output of OR-circuit 17 sends to far-end as allowing signal.
According to above-mentioned the 7th embodiment, by being used to select fault to disconnect mutually from the reverse detecting element of earth fault with from the permission signal of far-end.
[the 8th embodiment]
Illustrate according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 19.Except increase has the reverse fault detecting element 33 of distance relay of directed element and the reverse detecting element of earth fault being used for the detecting reverse fault, the 8th embodiment is similar to the 7th embodiment as shown in figure 18.According to the voltage and current from protected electrical power transmission system is detected, reverse fault detecting element 33 is judged the direction of fault.
Receive the output of the reverse fault detecting element 33 of reverse detecting element 30 of earth fault and distance relay by OR-circuit 34.Receive and the oppositely output of OR-circuit 34 by "NOT" circuit 31.Then receive the output of "NOT" circuit 31 by AND gate circuit 32.The other parts of logic are identical with as shown in figure 18 the 7th embodiment.
According to above-mentioned the 8th embodiment, utilize three conditions: the reverse detecting element 30 of the reverse fault detecting element 33 of distance relay and earth fault is not in running order; Transient current-variation element 19-A, 19-B or 19-C are in running order; With the permission signal that receives from far-end.Make direction determining more more accurate thus, and can trip at the circuit-breaker of local side than the 7th embodiment.
[the 9th embodiment]
Illustrate according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 20.The 9th embodiment be basically as shown in figure 13 the 4th embodiment and the combination of the 8th embodiment as shown in figure 19.
AND gate circuit 35 receptions that increase as shown in figure 20 "NOT" circuit 24 as shown in figure 13 and 27 output and "NOT" circuit as shown in figure 19 31 and the output that allows signal receiving unit 14.
Only when satisfying four conditions, this AND gate circuit 35 is in the work, and condition is: the transient current-variation relay that is used for phase 19-A, 19-B and 19-C all is not activated; Above-mentioned relay 30 and 33 does not all detect reverse fault; There is not trip signal 26 at local side; Received permission signal from far-end.Only when satisfy should " with " during condition, confirm timer 28 by this, AND gate circuit 35 sends to OR-circuit 29 to work output, and sends out the trip signal 13 that is used for all phases from OR-circuit 29.
When this condition is applicable to the trip signal of any phase, allow signal from OR-circuit 17 to far-end output by allowing signal transmitting unit 18.
According to the 9th embodiment,, allow signal to realize the three-phase tripping operation by receiving from far-end even do not start transient current-variation element 19 and do not detect reverse fault.
Can draw a plurality of modification of the present invention and variation by above-mentioned teaching.Therefore, be understandable that, within the scope of the appended claims, can implement the present invention to be different from the mode that specifies here.
This application based on and require the Japanese patent application formerly of on August 9th, 2002 application to be priority 2002-233451 number; Be incorporated herein its full content as a reference.

Claims (7)

1. directional ground relay; its be configured to receive with from the relevant a plurality of electric numerical value of the voltage and current of protected three-phase power transmission line; this directional ground relay is configured to the direction of judging fault in this power transmission line according to these a plurality of electric numerical value, and this directional ground relay comprises:
The zero-phase-sequence current computing unit, it is configured to calculate zero-phase-sequence current according to the electric current that detects from this power transmission line; With
The unit of comparing, it is configured to the phase of this zero-phase-sequence current and comparing mutually of arbitrary phase voltage, with the phase of judging this zero-phase-sequence current whether in a preset range, and when zero-phase-sequence current in this preset range the time, export this voltage mutually as the fault phase that the voltage of forward earth fault has wherein taken place
Be connected timer with each corresponding output of described directional ground relay, this timer makes the computing output delay of described directional ground relay confirm computing, with output each corresponding trip signal with the local circuit circuit breaker,
According to the setting-up time of described timer, can be used for stand-by protection or instantaneous tripping operation.
2. according to the directional ground relay of claim 1, also comprise:
The absolute value comparing unit, it is configured to judge whether this zero-phase-sequence current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value; With
Forward fault verification unit, it is configured to when the unit of comparing by this judges that this zero-phase-sequence current is in preset range, and when judging that by this absolute value comparing unit zero-phase-sequence current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, judge that the phase that forward earth fault has taken place and exported this voltage is as the fault phase that the voltage of forward earth fault has wherein taken place.
3. directional ground relay system comprises:
Directional ground relay, it is configured to basis and relevant electric numerical computations zero-phase-sequence current and the zero phase sequence voltage of surveying from protected three-phase power transmission line of voltage and current, and this directional ground relay is configured to judge according to the phase relation of zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage the direction of earth fault in this power transmission line;
Transient current changes relay, and it is configured to then be activated when changing than predetermined speed faster speed when phase current; With
The faulted phase decision unit, it is configured to when judging that by this directional ground relay this earth fault is the forward fault, and judgement is the phase that has wherein broken down corresponding to the transient current variation relay that starts mutually.
4. directional ground relay system comprises:
First directional ground relay, its be configured to receive with from the relevant a plurality of electric numerical value of the voltage and current of protected three-phase power transmission line; This directional ground relay is configured to judge according to a plurality of electric numerical value the direction of fault in this power transmission line, this directional ground relay comprises: the zero-phase-sequence current computing unit, and it is configured to calculate zero-phase-sequence current according to the electric current that detects from power transmission line; With the unit of comparing, it is configured to the phase of this zero-phase-sequence current and comparing mutually corresponding to the voltage of voltage in this power transmission line, to judge that this zero-phase-sequence current is whether in a preset range, and when this zero-phase-sequence current was in this preset range, the phase of exporting this voltage was as the fault phase that has wherein produced the voltage of forward earth fault;
Second directional ground relay, it is configured to according to electric numerical computations zero-phase-sequence current and the zero phase sequence voltage relevant with the voltage and current that detects from power transmission line, and this directional ground relay is configured to judge according to the phase relation of zero-phase-sequence current and zero phase sequence voltage the direction of earth fault in this power transmission line; With
The faulted phase decision unit, it is configured to when this second directional ground relay is judged a forward fault, and what judgement wherein started this first directional ground relay is the fault phase mutually.
5. according to the directional ground relay system of claim 4, wherein this first directional ground relay also comprises:
The absolute value comparing unit, it is configured to judge whether this zero-phase-sequence current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value; With
Forward fault verification unit, it is configured to when the unit of comparing by this judges that this zero-phase-sequence current is in this preset range, and when judging that by this absolute value comparing unit this zero-phase-sequence current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, judge forward earth fault has taken place, and the phase of exporting this voltage is as the fault phase that the voltage of forward earth fault has wherein taken place.
6. directional ground relay system comprises:
Directional ground relay, it is configured to according to electric numerical computations zero-phase-sequence current and the zero phase sequence voltage relevant with the voltage and current that detects from protected three-phase power transmission line, and this directional ground relay is configured to judge according to the phase relation of this zero-phase-sequence current and this zero phase sequence voltage the direction of earth fault in this power transmission line;
Transmitter and receiver, it is configured to switching signal between local side and far-end; With
Transient current changes relay, and it is configured to be activated with than the fast velocity variations of a predetermined speed time when phase current;
Wherein, if if this system configuration allows signal and this directional ground relay not to detect reverse fault for receiving from remote relay, trip signal to this transient current of then exporting this local side changes the output phase of relay, and allowing signal to be sent to this far-end.
7. according to the directional ground relay system of claim 6, also comprise:
The reverse fault detecting element of distance relay, it is configured to according to the electric numerical value judgement fault direction relevant with the voltage and current that detects from power transmission line,
If wherein this system configuration is for to receive the permission signal from this remote relay, if all do not detect reverse fault with the reverse fault detecting element of this directional ground relay or this distance relay, trip signal to this transient current of exporting this local side changes the output phase of relay, and transmits this permission signal to this far-end.
CN031278183A 2002-08-09 2003-08-11 Grounding direction relay system Expired - Fee Related CN1487641B (en)

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TW200403911A (en) 2004-03-01
JP2004080839A (en) 2004-03-11

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