CN1477427A - 垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1477427A
CN1477427A CNA031438725A CN03143872A CN1477427A CN 1477427 A CN1477427 A CN 1477427A CN A031438725 A CNA031438725 A CN A031438725A CN 03143872 A CN03143872 A CN 03143872A CN 1477427 A CN1477427 A CN 1477427A
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马旌祜
洪承湖
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Hydis Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种可高速响应的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置。本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的特征在于包括:保持预定距离相对配置的下部基板和上部基板;插入该上下部基板之间的由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层;为覆盖薄膜晶体管而在所述下部基板内侧面上涂敷并在其表面上形成蜈蚣状图形的突起的树脂层;在所述突起上形成的配置于整个像素区域的像素电极;在所述上部基板内侧面上形成的相对电极;分别夹在所述像素电极与液晶层之间和相对电极与液晶层之间的垂直取向膜;和以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在所述上下部基板的外侧面上的偏光板。

Description

垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示装置,更具体地说,涉及可高速响应的垂直取向(Vertical Align)模式的液晶显示装置。
背景技术
众所周知,为了改善TN(Twist Nematic:扭转向列)模式的液晶显示装置的低视角和响应速度特性,提出了一种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置。
虽未图示,这种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置具有如下结构:在分别具有液晶驱动电极的上下部基板之间插入由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层,在所述上下部基板的各个相对面上设置垂直取向膜,然后,以使偏光轴相互交叉地附着在上下部基板的相对面的各个背面上的偏光板。
但是,这种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置具有与液晶为棒形相关的折射率各向异性,因而基于视角的画面的彼此不同。例如,在形成电场以前,液晶与各基板垂直地排列,因而画面的正面变成完全暗的状态,光在侧面泄漏,从而导致画面质量低。
因此,为了补偿因液晶的折射率各向异性引起的画面质量低,提出了通过使电场畸变,使液晶排列在四个方向,由此使视角提高的结构。
例如,在美国专利6288762中提出了形成突起作为使电场畸变的手段的方法,其结构如图1所示。
如图1所示,下部基板11与上部基板12在夹置液晶13的情况下相对配置,在所述下部基板11和上部基板12的各相对面上分别形成突起14。
在这种结构中,形成电场时,在突起14的附近电场发生畸变,液晶13在变成对称的方向上排列,结果,形成液晶的多个区域,可补偿因液晶折射率的各向异性引起的画面质量下降。
此外,作为使电场畸变的其它方法,有人提出了具有代替突起的缝隙结构的液晶驱动电极的方法,缝隙结构的液晶驱动电极的结构如图2所示,其原理与突起结构相同。图2中,附图标号20表示缝隙结构的液晶驱动电极。
但是,利用上述突起和缝隙的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,由于在电场形成时,在突起或缝隙部分液晶开始变斜后,经过一定时间,其余部分的液晶变斜,由这种现象引起的突起和缝隙之间的间隔太大时,响应时间增加。
因此,为解决该问题,富土通公司在2001年SID Digset 1066页中提出了锯齿状(Jagged)的液晶驱动电极,其结构如图3所示。图3中,附图标号30表示锯齿状的液晶驱动电极。
按照这种结构,可知响应速度被大大改善。
然而,适用上述锯齿状液晶驱动电极的垂直取向液晶显示装置虽然改善了响应速度,但在没有电极的部分,不产生电场,因而产生液晶移动迟缓的现象,由此响应速度迟缓,当然存在因向错位线(disclination line)产生引起的画面质量降低的问题点。
图4是模拟图3的IV-IV′线的剖面的示意图,由该图可知:施加电压时,在没有电极的部分,初期透射率的增加迟缓。
发明内容
因此,本发明是为解决上述问题点而提出的发明,其目的在于提供一种可高速响应同时可防止因向错位线产生引起的画面质量降低的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,该装置包括:保持预定距离相对配置的下部基板和上部基板;插入所述上下部基板之间的由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层;在所述下部基板内侧面上涂敷并在其表面上形成蜈蚣(centipedes)状图形的突起的树脂层;以在所述突起上形成并配置于整个像素区域的方式形成像素电极;在所述上部基板内侧面上形成的相对电极;分别夹在所述像素电极与液晶层之间和相对电极与液晶层之间的垂直取向膜;和以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在所述上下部基板的外侧面上偏光板。
其中,形成所述蜈蚣状图形的突起,使其中心部的突起的宽度为5μm以下,两侧排列的外部突起的间隔为4-25μm。此外,形成所述像素电极,使相邻的像素电极之间的间隔为10μm以下。并且,在单位像素内按U形图形形成所述突起和形成于其上的像素电极的层积构造物,以便形成多畴。
按照本发明,通过在下部基板上形成蜈蚣状图形的突起后,在该突起上形成像素电极,可快速控制响应时间,由此可控制向错位线的产生。
根据对以下参照的本发明最佳实施例的说明,将明确以上所述的本发明的目的和其它特征以及优点等。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的利用突起的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的剖面图。
图2是说明现有技术的垂直取向模式液晶显示装置中的驱动液晶的电极结构的示意图。
图3同样是说明现有技术的垂直取向模式液晶显示装置中的驱动液晶的电极结构的图。
图4是模拟图3的IV-IV′线的剖面的图。
图5是说明本发明实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的图。
图6同样是说明本发明实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的图。
图7同样是说明本发明实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的图。
图8是模拟图5的VIII-VIII′线的剖面的图。
图9是说明本发明其它实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图来详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。
首先,虽未图示,本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置具有如下结构:具有ITO材料的液晶驱动电极即各个像素电极和相对电极的下部基板和上部基板,在夹置由介电常数的各向异性为负的多个液晶构成的液晶层的情况下结合,在所述下部基板与液晶层之间和上部基板与液晶层之间分别夹入垂直取向膜,并且,以使偏光轴相互交叉地在各基板的相对面的背面上分别附着偏光板。
在本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置中,由所述ITO构成的像素电极不是缝隙结构,而是在整个像素区域上配置,可使尽可能宽面积的力施加于液晶上,此外,在下部基板上还包括有缝隙功能的突起。
详细地说,图5-图7是说明本发明实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的示意图,其中,图5是展示下部基板的电极结构的平面图,图6是沿图5中A-A′线的剖面图,图7是沿图5中B-B'线的剖面图。
如图所示,在本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置中的下部基板具有在像素区域的突起52,在所述下部基板的液晶驱动电极即由ITO构成的像素电极54形成在所述突起52上。
其中,所述突起52期望形成为蜈蚣(centipedes)状图形,在形成薄膜晶体管的下部基板上涂敷作为保护膜的树脂层50之后,通过对所述树脂层50的UV曝光和显影,形成这样的蜈蚣状突起52。
此外,在包含突起的树脂层50上蒸镀ITO之后,通过对其进行蚀刻,形成所述像素电极54,然后,在所述像素电极54上涂敷垂直取向膜,完成下部基板。
这样,在像素区域具有蜈蚣状突起同时像素电极配置于整个像素区域上的情况下,液晶的畴形成容易,不仅可补偿由折射率的各向异性引起的画面质量低下,而且在整个像素区域对液晶施加作用力,因而可快速控制液晶的响应时间。
特别是,利用所述突起的弯曲设定电场畸变的方向,借此,制作电极以使其在与突起方向相同的方向上,就可容易地控制液晶。
相反,如果控制液晶的方向与电极的方向在彼此相反的方向上,那么在它们两者的力平衡的位置上产生液晶的向错位线,此时,在未设计的位置上产生所述向错位线的情况下,透射率降低,并且,在两侧,相反方向上的两个力起作用,成为妨碍相互的移动的要素,产生响应时间迟缓的结果。
因此,本发明在形成蜈蚣状突起中,按5μm以下的宽度较长地形成中心部的突起,在其两侧排列的外部突起之间的间隔为4-25μm。此外,本发明在所述蜈蚣状突起上形成ITO材料的像素电极时,相邻的像素电极之间的间隔调整为10μm以下。
按照本发明的电极结构,可快速控制向液晶驱动电极施加电压时液晶的响应速度,因而,可提高初期透射率。并且,由于可抑制向错位线的产生,因而能够防止画面质量降低。
图8是模拟图5的VIII-VIII′线的剖面的示意图,由图示可知,相对于图4的情况来说,施加电压时的初期透射率的增加相对更快。
另一方面,本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置可在偏光板与下部基板之间和上部基板与偏光板之间设置相位补偿板(phase compensation plate),相对于这种相位补偿板的x、y、z方向的位相延迟值(Rth)由下式1求出。
             Rth=[(nx+ny)/2-nz]×d    ....  (式1)
其中,在使用一轴相位补偿板时,期望的相位延迟值(Rth)包含40-800nm的范围,在使用二轴相位补偿板时,期望的相位延迟值(Rth)包含150-250nm的范围。
此外,期望液晶的介电常数的各向异性为-2-10,期望液晶层的厚度设定为2-6μm,并且,期望液晶层的折射率的各向异性与厚度之积(d*Δn)为200-500nm。
图9是说明本发明其它实施例的垂直取向膜式的液晶显示装置。
按照该实施例,在下部基板的突起52和ITO像素电极54在单位像素内形成为曲折(zig-zag)形态的U形图形。
在这种情况下,可形成多畴,因此,可实现更稳定的液晶取向。
如上所述,本发明通过在下部基板上形成蜈蚣状图形的突起并且在所述突起上形成用ITO构成的液晶驱动电极,可快速控制液晶,从而也可控制向错位线的产生,由此,能够实现高速响应,宽视角,高亮度和高画面质量的显示画面。
此外,本发明可在不脱离其实质的范围内进行各种变更。

Claims (8)

1.一种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于包括:
保持预定距离相对配置的下部基板和上部基板;
插入所述上下部基板之间的由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层;
在所述下部基板内侧面上为覆盖薄膜晶体管而涂敷并在其表面上形成蜈蚣状图形的突起的树脂层;
在所述突起上形成并配置于整个像素区域的像素电极;
在所述上部基板内侧面上形成的相对电极;
分别夹在所述像素电极与液晶层之间和相对电极与液晶层之间的垂直取向膜;和
以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在所述上下部基板的外侧面上的偏光板。
2.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,形成所述蜈蚣状图形的突起,使其中心部的突起的宽度为5μm以下,两侧排列的外部突起的间隔为4-25μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,形成所述像素电极,使相邻的像素电极之间的间隔为10μm以下。
4.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,以可形成多畴的方式在单位像素内按U形图形形成所述突起和形成于其上的像素电极的层积构造物。
5.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,还包括在所述上下部基板与偏光板之间设置的相位补偿板。
6.如权利要求5所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,所述相位补偿板为一轴或二轴相位补偿板,所述一轴相位补偿板的相位延迟值包含40-800nm的范围,所述二轴相位补偿板的相位延迟值包含150-250nm的范围。
7.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,所述液晶的介电常数的各向异性为-2--10。
8.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于,所述液晶层的厚度为2-6μm,液晶层的厚度与液晶的折射率各向异性之积为200-500nm。
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