CN1477085A

CN1477085A - Method for producing high-effective organic and inorganic composite fertilizer by quickly-curing urban domestic refuse

Info

Publication number: CN1477085A
Application number: CNA021336512A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 车锡金; 车锐
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-08-22
Filing date: 2002-08-22
Publication date: 2004-02-25

Abstract

The method for producing high-effective organic and inorganic composite fertilizer by using urban domestic refuse includes the following steps: manual and mechanical sorting process, picking out the glass, metal brick and stone, rubber, plastics, paper and cloth, etc. and recovering for reuse, using residual refuse as raw material for producing composite fertilizer; treating said residual refuse and mixing it with correspondent inorganic fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, etc. uniformly.

Description

Method for producing high-efficiency organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by quickly cooking municipal domestic garbage

The present invention belongs to a technical method for producing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by using municipal domestic garbage.

With the acceleration of the urbanization process of China, the rapid growth of urban population is an important problem related to urban environmental pollution for the treatment of urban domestic garbage, and the problems of national economic development, environmental protection, urban sanitation, improvement of the living standard of people, urban sustainable development and the like are directly influenced. The method is mainly centralized for landfill at home and abroad, and has a recycling and energy comprehensive development treatment mode, a treatment method of incineration treatment and power generation by utilizing heat energy in economically developed countries. But most of the devices have large investment and high cost or occupy large area, thereby influencing the surrounding environment. In recent years, the method for treating municipal domestic waste by composting has been upgraded. The organic fertilizer can be used for sorting out glass, bricks, metal, plastic, waste paper and the like in the garbage, and can also be used for fermenting and decomposing organic matters in the garbage as a fertilizer source to form the organic fertilizer capable of improving soil and increasing soil fertility. At present, manufacturers for producing organic-inorganic compound fertilizers by using municipal domestic garbage generally adopt the steps of sorting organic matters, fermenting, drying and mixing with a proper amount of inorganic fertilizers, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The main problems are that the fermentation and decomposition process needs long time, and the production is long around after drying treatment, the energy consumption is large, and the cost is high.

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that in the process of producing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by using the organic matters in the sorted municipal domestic garbage as raw materials, a slow and long fermentation process and a drying process with large energy consumption can be omitted through rapid mixing treatment, so that the aims of shortening the production period, reducing the energy consumption, reducing the product cost and having large treatment capacity and rapidness are fulfilled.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the collected urban domestic garbage is subjected to manual and mechanical sorting processes, glass, metal, masonry, rubber, plastic and paper cloth are sorted out and recycled, the rest garbage mainly containing organic matters is used as a raw material for producing a compound fertilizer, and the processed garbage is uniformly mixed with corresponding inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like to form an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the key point is that the treatment process of the garbage raw material is as follows: a. crushing with a double-roller machine or an extruder, pressurizing to remove water, controlling the water content of the treated garbage to be below 20%, and crushing the extruded garbage into particles smaller than 1.5 mm; b. the ground phosphate rock and the crushed garbage are fully and uniformly mixed in a stirrerThe medium and the added concentrated sulfuric acid are quickly mixed to form the garbage phosphate fertilizer, and the weight content relationship among the three components is 7-15 parts of ground phosphate rock, 75-85 parts of garbage and 5-15 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid.The reaction is carried out in two stages, wherein the first stage generates phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and the reaction process is The second stage is that organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reduced to produce chelation and complexation reaction

The waste phosphate fertilizer is obtained after the reaction process, and potassium sulfate, urea and trace elements are added according to the growth requirements of different crops to prepare the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer suitable for different plants.

According to the scheme, the fertilizer is prepared according to the weight ratio. The fertilizer for tea production contains 12N and P₂O₅An amount of 8, containing K₂The O content is 7, the organic mass is 15, and the trace elements are 0.5. The fertilizer for sugarcane production contains 16N and P₂O₅An amount of 7, containing K₂The O content is 5, the organic mass is 15, and the trace elements are 0.5. The fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production contains 10 of N and P₂O₅An amount of 15, containing K₂An amount of O is15. Organic mass 15, trace elements 0.5. The fertilizer for wheat production contains 13N and P₂O₅An amount of 8, containing K₂The O content is 4, the organic mass is 15, and the trace elements are 0.5. The fertilizer for corn production contains 10N and P₂O₅An amount of 9, containing K₂The O content is 6, theorganic mass is 15, and the trace elements are 0.5. The fertilizer for rice production contains 10N and P₂O₅Amount of 10, containing K₂The O content is 5, the organic mass is 15, and the trace elements are 0.5.

According to the above-mentioned formula of various crops fertilizers the prepared refuse phosphate fertilizer can be used for producing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer suitable for growth of correspondent plant.

The invention has the advantages that a large amount of water is removed from the organic substances obtained after sorting the garbage through extrusion or rolling, so that the water content is lower than 20 percent, and reliable guarantee is provided for crushing the garbage to the granularity less than 1.5mm in the subsequent process. The crushed garbage raw materials are mixed with a proper amount of ground phosphate rock, and concentrated sulfuric acid is added to be uniformly mixed while the crushed garbage raw materials are rapidly mixed in a stirrer, so that two functions of mixing and chemical reaction are generated. The raw materials are further mixed in the device and simultaneously generate a chemical exothermic reaction, the system temperature can reach 110-120 ℃, on one hand, the crushed garbage is rapidly cured in the reaction, and the germs, parasites and ova in the garbage can be killed by the reaction heat to eliminate odor. The fermentation process in the production of compound fertilizer by using general garbage can be omitted, the production time is greatly shortened, and the production process of calcium superphosphate is also completed. On the other hand, the exothermic reaction of the phosphate rock powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid can evaporate partial water, the reaction is stronger than that in the common fermentation process, and the heat and strong acidity generated by the reaction are utilized to promote the rapid decomposition of organic matters. Thus not only the fermentation process is avoided, but also the obtained garbage phosphate fertilizer can be granulated and formed without drying. Provides basic conditions for simplifying the following process of preparing various fertilizers for crops. Therefore, the technical method provided by the invention can greatly shorten the treatment period of the garbage, increase and accelerate the treatment capacity, and the obtained compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are necessary for the growth of crops and a certain amount of trace elements, and improves the hardening problem of soil caused by long-term use of inorganic fertilizer. Has good social and economic benefits.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of municipal waste treatment according to the invention.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings as examples.

Referring to the attached drawings, the scheme of the invention has the treatment process of urban domestic garbage concentration 1 and the separation 2 of the concentrated domestic garbage, namely, the treatment process is carried out manuallyOr mechanical sorting, namely sorting metal, glass, masonry, plastic, rubber, waste paper and cloth from the garbage for respective utilization; the remaining garbage is used as raw material for producing compound fertilizer. Extruding 3 the garbage raw materials, removing water and crushing large garbage, and crushing the large garbage by using a double-roller machine or an extruder with the average gap of 1-2mm, wherein the large garbage comprises a small amount of small leaked glass, ceramic, masonry and the like. After grinding, the pressure is increased again to remove a large amount of water in the garbage, so that the water content of the garbage is controlled to be below 20 percent. Crushing 4 the raw materials which are extruded to remove water, and crushing the extruded garbage into particles with the particle size of less than 1.5mm by a crusher. Mixing 5 the crushed garbage, adding phosphate rock powder into the garbage according to the proportion of 1: 8, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture of the garbage and the phosphate rock powder, wherein P of the phosphate rock powder₂O₅The content is not less than 30%. Putting the mixture obtained in the previous procedure into a common stirrer in chemical production for mixing 6, namely mixing the mixture of garbage and ground phosphate rock with concentrated sulfuric acid in a mixing device according to the proportion of 80% of garbage, 10% of ground phosphate rock and 10% of concentrated sulfuric acid, wherein the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the chemical reaction is carried out while the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly in a stirrer, and the mixture is mixed for about 1 hour to form the garbage phosphate fertilizer. The process comprises the exothermic chemical reaction of sulfuric acid and powdered rock phosphate to generate calcium superphosphate, and is also a process of quickly curing organic substances in the garbage under the action of strong sulfuric acid and reaction heat at the temperature of 110-120 ℃, or a process of further evaporating moisture in the composition and a process of fully and uniformly mixing; the reaction heat is utilized to kill germs, parasites and worm eggs in the garbage, and the method is a key process capable of avoiding the conventional fermentation and drying. Mixing 7, namely, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to different plantsAccording to the requirements of the fertilizer, potassium sulfate, urea and trace elements such as copper, zinc and manganese are added into the waste phosphate fertilizer, and the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed so as toincrease the content of potassium, nitrogen and trace elements in the compound fertilizer. The mixture thus obtained is put into a granulator and then goes through a granulation process 8 to obtain a product 9. Thus, the centralized municipal refuse can be processed into organic and inorganic compound fertilizer suitable for different plant growth requirements through 9 procedures. Due to the effect of the mixing process in the treatment processCompared with the fermentation process, the treatment of the garbage as the compound fertilizer can be shortened from 9 days to 1 hour in time.

Claims

1. A method for producing high-efficiency organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by fast-maturing municipal domestic waste, the gathered municipal domestic waste is sorted out and recycled by manpower and machinery through sorting processes, the rest garbage mainly comprising organic matters is used as raw materials for producing compound fertilizer, and the processed garbage is uniformly mixed with corresponding inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like to form the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the method is characterized in that the treatment process of the garbage raw materials comprises the following steps: a. crushing with a double-roller machine or an extruder, pressurizing to remove water, controlling the water content of the treated garbage to be below 20%, and crushing the extruded garbage into particles smaller than 1.5 mm; b. the ground phosphate rock and the crushed garbage are fully and uniformly mixed, and then are quickly mixed with the added concentrated sulfuric acid in a mixing device to form the garbage phosphate fertilizer, wherein the weight content relationship among the three components is 7-15 parts of the phosphate rock powder, 75-85 parts of the garbage and 5-15 parts of the concentrated sulfuric acid.

2. The method for producing high-efficiency organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by quickly cooking municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in two stages, the first stage generates phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and the reaction process is The second stage is that organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reduced to produce chelation and complexation reaction