CN1467051A - Non-round-axial numerical control processing system - Google Patents
Non-round-axial numerical control processing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1467051A CN1467051A CNA021334595A CN02133459A CN1467051A CN 1467051 A CN1467051 A CN 1467051A CN A021334595 A CNA021334595 A CN A021334595A CN 02133459 A CN02133459 A CN 02133459A CN 1467051 A CN1467051 A CN 1467051A
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Abstract
A numerally controlled system for machining non-circular shaft has I/O card connected to computer, counter card, encoder and the detector of Y-axis zero-point switch. Said I/O card is connected via driver and amplifier to the mainshaft motor, Y-axis step motor, X-axis step motor and Z-axis step motor. Said Y-axis step motor and X-axis step motor are respectively linked to middle and small carriages for driving them. Said Z-axis step motor is linked to big carrage for driving it.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is relevant with numerical control machine tool, and is especially relevant with the digital-control processing system of the non-circular shaft part of processing.
Technical background:
The processing of non-circular shaft part is main at present adopts the method for hard mould and soft profile modeling to carry out turning.The former requires female pattern coaxial the load onto machine tool chief axis identical with part shape, utilize copying device to produce the part identical shaped then with pattern, this method good processing stability, usually be suitable for the occasion produced in enormous quantities, but the manufacturing of pattern itself, measurement be difficulty comparatively, process-cycle is long, cost is high, and a pattern can only be used to process a kind of non-circular shaft part, and is flexible poor.The latter programmes according to the profile of non-circular shaft part, and as " pattern ", the high frequency micrometric displacement feed mechanism of employing computer control cutlery is processed with the program of establishment, and this numerical-control processing method has good flexibility.Most same devices adopt linear electric motors to drive high frequency micrometric displacement feed mechanism, but go back problems such as the linear and dynamic characteristic influence relatively poor, that be subjected to shock load of ubiquity is big.
Summary of the invention:
It is big to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cutting force, flexible good, machining accuracy height, process-cycle weak point, the non-round-axial numerical control processing system that cost is low.
The present invention is achieved in that
Non-round-axial numerical control processing system of the present invention, comprise the I/O card that is connected with computer, numbered card, the I/O cartoon is overdrived and is amplified the spindle motor of cabinet and lathe, the U shaft step motor, the X-axis stepper motor, the Z shaft step motor connects, the U shaft step motor is consistent with the radial feed of the direction of motion and cutter respectively with the X-axis stepper motor, middle carriage (13), upper slide rest (14) is in transmission connection, Z shaft step motor and saddle (12) are in transmission connection, the direction of motion of saddle (12) and planker (13,14) vertical, consistent with the axial feed of cutter, middle carriage (13) respectively with planker (12), upper slide rest (14) cooperates by chute, the encoder of comprising is arranged, the detection means of U axle Zero-point switch, the switch of detection means and I/O card connection, the zero signal line and the pulse signal-line of encoder are connected to numbered card.
U shaft step motor of the present invention (11) is transferred to splined shaft (10) through a pair of gear reduction of speed, splined shaft (10) two ends are bearing on the lathe bed with bearing, bevel gear (9) has splined hole to cooperate with splined shaft (10), bevel gear (9) is bearing in saddle (12) bottom by bearing, bevel gear (8,9) be meshing with each other, bevel gear (8) is installed with cam (3) coaxial (4), axle (4) is bearing on the saddle (12) by bearing, cam (3) is pressing closer the push rod on the middle carriage (13), X-axis stepper motor (16) is installed in upper slide rest (14) side, motor shaft and ball-screw (17) are connected, be connected with leading screw nut engaged and middle carriage (13), cutter motor (2) is fixed on the upper slide rest (14), be connected with cutter (1) through transmission mechanism, knife bar is bearing on the upper slide rest (14) with bearing, and Z shaft step motor (5) cooperates with the nut transmission that is connected in saddle (12) bottom by the ball-screw (6) that is connected with transmission mechanism, and ball-screw (6) is bearing on the bed piece by bearing.
Cutter of the present invention (1) is disc, can rotate at a high speed around self axis, and the cutter drive motor (2) of independent outfit is arranged.
Be connected with lead by two groups of springs (15) between middle carriage of the present invention (13) and the saddle (12), spring (15) is in extended state all the time, makes cam (3) hold out against push rod on the contact middle carriage (13).
Cam of the present invention (3) is an eccentric cam.
The present invention controls cutter through moving back and forth with the micro-feed mechanism of simple cam, and is with any on-circular cross-section outline line of simple cam curve interpolation fitting, flexible good.The disc-shaped knife prodigiosin is around rotating processing at a high speed from rotation axis, the precision height, and cutting force is big, guarantees the surface quality of part to be processed, and the present invention has concentrated the advantage of numerical control unit and mechanical mechanism, and the process-cycle is short, and cost is low, and high using value is arranged.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is servo system structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the A of Fig. 2 is to view.
Fig. 4 is cutter structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a cam curve interpolation schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment:
System amplifies cabinet, detection means etc. by computer, I/O card, numbered card, lathe, driving and forms.Computer comprises display, main frame, keyboard etc.Input/output interface card (I/O card) sum counter card is inserted on the interior ISA slot of mainframe box, and the count value in the counter constantly writes renewal by computer, and after counting finished, counter circuit produced hardware interrupts, submits to computer to make control corresponding.Input-output card is connected respectively to drive by cable and connector and amplifies the cabinet guidance panel.Drive cabinet and be connected respectively to X-axis motor 16, Z spindle motor 5, U motor 11 and spindle motor and cutter motor 2, be responsible for the motor start stop signal (being used for spindle motor, cutter motor) of I/O card output and X, Z, the power amplification of U shaft step motor pulse signal with cable and connector.Spindle motor is through the gearbox drive shaft.Disk light beam encoder and the coaxial installation of main shaft, zero signal line and pulse signal-line are connected to the counter integrated circuit board.The U axle sticks into motor 11 and passes to splined shaft 10 through a pair of gear reduction of speed, and splined shaft 10 two ends are bearing on the lathe bed with bearing.Bevel gear 9 (preparation splined hole) is set on the splined shaft 10, is bearing in saddle 12 bottoms with bearing simultaneously, and bevel gear 8,9 is meshing with each other, and bevel gear 8 is connected on the axle 4 with cam 3, and axle 4 is bearing on the saddle 12 by bearing.Cam 3 is pressing closer the push rod of middle carriage 13 lower process, and it is reciprocating in the horizontal concrete chute of saddle 12 to promote middle carriage 13.Cutter motor 2 is fixed on the upper slide rest 14, drives cutter 1 through a pair of deceleration gear, and knife bar is bearing on the upper slide rest 14 with bearing.Z shaft step motor 5 is transferred on the ball-screw 6 through a pair of gear reduction of speed, and ball-screw 6 usefulness bearings are bearing on the lathe bed, and nut engaged then is installed in saddle 12 bottoms with it, and saddle slides at the drive lower edge of nut bed ways 7.X-axis stepper motor 16 is installed upper slide rest 14 sides, and motor shaft and ball-screw 17 directly are connected, and nut engaged then is installed on the middle carriage 13 with it, moves along the guide rail on the middle carriage 13 at upper slide rest 14 under the drive of nut.The Zero-point switch of U, Z, X-axis and travel switch are installed the relevant position of the guide rail (groove) of middle carriage, saddle, upper slide rest respectively, and its holding wire is connected to the I/O card.
The drive motors 11 of U axle is fixed on the afterbody of lathe bed, be delivered to splined shaft 10 through a pair of deceleration gear rotatablely moving, and the two ends of splined shaft 10 are bearing on the lathe bed by bearing, the coaxial bevel gear 9 interior system splined holes that are installed in cooperate with it, like this bevel gear 9 both can be under the drive of splined shaft 10 coaxial rotation, can also be along moving axially.
Gearratio between the straight bevel gear 8,9 that the present invention adopts is 1, and it mainly acts on is to change the direction of motion, transferring power.
In design of the present invention, cam 3 and bevel gear 8 are connected on the axle 4, and axle 4 then is bearing on the saddle 12 by bearing, and both freely turn rounds of retainer shaft 4 again can be when saddle 12 vertically move, and occurrence positions is interfered or made cam 3 disengaging push rods.
The spline endoporus of bevel gear 9 can only guarantee the coaxial rotation of it and splined shaft 10, but can not guarantee back lash and axial force essential between two bevel gears, if obviously bevel gear only just is nested on the splined shaft 10, only need saddle 12 on longitudinal rail 7, to come and go and move one back and forth, bevel gear 8,9 will throw off fully, can't mesh.So, in design of the present invention, the footstalk of bevel gear 9 partly is with bearing, the outer ring of bearing just is fixed on the saddle 12, bevel gear 9 both can be rotated with splined shaft 10 like this, can follow saddle 12 on splined shaft 10, to move around again, and because do not have relative translation between the bevel gear 8,9, so mesh required gap and axial force can both be guaranteed.
The mechanism of servo motion is three layers of carriage structure; Z axis carriage 12, X-axis planker 14, U axis carriage 13.All the dovetail groove guiding between plate and the plate, as shown in Figure 2.The movement technique of X-axis planker 14, U axis carriage 13 is parallel to each other, and is responsible for driving the radial feed of cutter, and the direction of motion of Z axis carriage 12 is vertical with the above two, is responsible for driving the axial feed of cutter 1.
Just because of holding out against and contacting between cam 3 and the push rod is the pulling force that relies on the spring 15 between saddle 12 and the middle carriage 13 to produce, so the present invention adopts the directly moving push rod cam mechanism of the heart, increased the rigidity of system on the one hand, the cutting of some hard materials can be competent at by the system that makes, on the other hand the fluctuating rule of cam profile can comparatively directly be reflected in push rod on rectilinear motion.
This structure that the present invention adopts, make the U axle possess good rigidity, can bear bigger radial cutting drag (resistance to cutting that can bear much larger than general linear electric motors micro-feed mechanism), applicable to the harder workpiece of Material Processing, and because cam 3 unidirectional running in process, so do not have hysterisis error, make that the contour accuracy of non-circle cross-section is well guaranteed.If close U spindle motor 11, this lathe even can be used for general numerical control turning and Cylindrical Grinding Processes fully has good flexibility.Above architectural feature is that the non-round system of processing of other numerical control based on linear electric motors (software pattern) is not available.
Select for use the simplest eccentric cam (can certainly adopt the cam of other form) to drive U axis carriage 13 and move back and forth, as long as, can match form nearly all (cross section) non-circle contour line according to certain algorithm rule control cam rotating speed.Therefore this system possesses fine flexibility.And this characteristics are general not available based on the non-circular piston lathe of hard mould.
The control method of cam curve interpolation fitting cross-sectional profiles line
To be example with the profile in middle-bulged varying ellipse piston skirt section below, set forth the cross-sectional profiles line process principle of general non-circular shaft class part.
As shown in Figure 5.ρ=R (α) expression target non-circular cross-section outline line, α is an angle of eccentricity, and ρ is its polar radius, and it is generally obtained through spline interpolation by the discrete point that design drawing provides, and Rmax is oval major semiaxis, Rmin is oval semi-minor axis.ρ=D (θ) expression eccentric cam curve, θ is the corner of cam, the distance that Tool in Cutting is put the main shaft gyration center is ρ (polar radius just), wherein X0 is a location variable by the control of X-axis driven by motor upper slide rest, and 2e is that maximum lift (e the is an eccentric throw) r of cam is the cam radius value.
At 2e＞(Rmax-Rmin) and under the precondition of x0=Rmin+2e, (the α more arbitrarily on (class) elliptic curve ρ=R (θ)
i, R
i) can both find unique corresponding points (θ at cam curve ρ=D (θ)
i, D
i), make D
i=R
i
Think the main shaft uniform rotation generally speaking, establishing its angular speed is ω
Main shaft, then main shaft is from α
iRotate to α
I+1Required time is Δ T
i=Δ α
i/ ω
Main shaftDuring this period of time, if can control cam 3 evenly from θ
iRotate to θ
I+1, the curve that processes so must be through two point (α
i, R
i) and (α
I+1, R
I+1), so require the cam rotational speed omega
i=Δ θ
i/ Δ T
i=ω
Main shaftΔ θ
i/ Δ α
i(Δ θ wherein
i=θ
I+1-θ
i, Δ α
i=α
I+1-α
i).If establish α is interval [α
i, α
I+1] on any angle, α=α should be arranged
i+ ω
Main shaftT (0＜ω
Main shaft＜Δ T
i), this moment cam rotational angle theta
i=θ
I+1+ ω
iT=θ
i+ ω
i(α-α
i)/ω
Main shaftTool in Cutting point in t radial position constantly is
ρ=D (θ)=D (θ
i+ ω
i(α-α
i)/ω
Main shaft=D ' is (1) (α)
So, as long as when main axis rotation arrives certain angle, control cam 3 forwards corresponding angle to, the cutting point of cutter 1 is just just in time in the radial position of correspondence, in one week of main shaft gyration, interpolation curve ρ=D ' that cutter 1 cutting point position just forms an elliptic wheel profile with the variation of angle of eccentricity (α).
System's utilization and operation process is as follows: preparatory process such as advanced luggage card workpiece, move systems soft ware of the present invention on computers, and graphical interfaces is platformization just.
With the form of craft or file input drawing design data, comprise the position, contour accuracy of vertical data point position, each cross section offset point etc.
Computing module in the systems soft ware is according to the input data, calculate: comprise that horizontal and vertical cubic spline interpolation forms the target equation, disperse out with the process data of portraitlandscape according to the precision secondary then, with etc. the approximate vertical curve of precision line approximation, with the approximate transverse contour line of cam interpolation curve, obtain the interpolation numerical table of X-Z and the interpolation numerical table of C-U (C is a main shaft gyration) at last.
On display, generate the preview figure, for inspection.
Button from the guidance panel is imported each to zero signal, and cam rotates to minimum point and push rod position contacting, and X and Z axle all retreat on the zero-bit away from workpiece.
Behind the signal that begins to process with the button on guidance panel input, cutter begins rotation, and main shaft also begins rotation.
The interlock of X-axis and X-axis has formed the crown line of piston (non-circular shaft), and the interlock of main shaft C and U axle (cam driving) has formed the oval cross section profile of piston (non-circular shaft).The motion of U axle is actually parallel with the motion of X-axis, for fear of the mutual interference between them, realizes the variation of varying cross-section ovality, and the motion of this diaxon also must be coupled according to certain rules.
Start U spindle motor 11, control its rotating speed according to the pulse signal that spindle encoder transmits, the rotation of motor is passed to splined shaft 10 via a pair of deceleration gear, the splined shaft band bevel gear 9 (splined hole is arranged) coaxial rotation together, and the engagement of bevel gear 8,9 has promoted the rotation of optical axis 4, cam 3.Main shaft at the uniform velocity returns and circles, and the synchronous speed change of cam rotated for 2 weeks, and cutter is radially moving back and forth twice.Close U spindle motor 11.
Claims (5)
1, non-round-axial numerical control processing system, it is characterized in that comprising the I/O card that is connected with computer, numbered card, the I/O cartoon is overdrived and is amplified the spindle motor of cabinet and lathe, the U shaft step motor, the X-axis stepper motor, the Z shaft step motor connects, U shaft step motor and consistent with the radial feed of the direction of motion and the cutter respectively middle carriage (13) of X-axis stepper motor, upper slide rest (14) is in transmission connection, Z shaft step motor and saddle (12) are in transmission connection, the direction of motion of saddle (12) and planker (13,14) vertical, consistent with the axial feed of cutter, middle carriage (13) respectively with saddle (12), upper slide rest (14) cooperates by chute, the encoder of comprising is arranged, the detection means of U axle Zero-point switch, the switch of detection means and I/O card connection, the zero signal line and the pulse signal-line of encoder are connected to numbered card.
2, system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that U shaft step motor (11) is transferred to splined shaft (10) through a pair of gear reduction of speed, splined shaft (10) two ends are bearing on the lathe bed with bearing, bevel gear (9) has splined hole to cooperate with splined shaft (10), bevel gear (9) is bearing in saddle (12) bottom by bearing, bevel gear (8,9) be meshing with each other, bevel gear (8) is installed with cam (3) coaxial (4), axle (4) is bearing on the saddle (12) by bearing, cam (3) is pressing closer the push rod on the middle carriage (13), X-axis stepper motor (16) is installed in upper slide rest (14) side, motor shaft and ball-screw (17) are connected, be connected with leading screw nut engaged and middle carriage (13), cutter motor (2) is fixed on the upper slide rest (14), be connected with cutter (1) through transmission mechanism, knife bar is bearing on the upper slide rest (14) with bearing, Z shaft step motor (5) cooperates with the nut transmission that is connected in saddle (12) bottom by the ball-screw (6) that is connected with transmission mechanism, and ball-screw (6) is bearing on the bed piece by bearing.
3, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that cutter (1) is disc, can rotate at a high speed around self axis, and the cutter drive motor (2) of independent outfit is arranged.
4, system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that being connected with lead by two groups of springs (15) between middle carriage (13) and the saddle (12), spring (15) is in extended state all the time, makes cam (3) hold out against the push rod that contacts on the middle carriage (13).
5, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that cam (3) is an eccentric cam.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133459 CN1213828C (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-07-12 | Non-round-axial numerical control processing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133459 CN1213828C (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-07-12 | Non-round-axial numerical control processing system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1467051A true CN1467051A (en) | 2004-01-14 |
| CN1213828C CN1213828C (en) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=34145570
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133459 Expired - Fee Related CN1213828C (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-07-12 | Non-round-axial numerical control processing system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1213828C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102328103A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Ultra-precision processing system and processing method |
| CN109317696A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 江南大学 | A kind of repacking lathe and method for the processing of non-circular curve slot |
| CN113110287A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-13 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | Back plate combining non-circular turning control system and control method thereof |
-
2002
- 2002-07-12 CN CN 02133459 patent/CN1213828C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102328103A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Ultra-precision processing system and processing method |
| CN109317696A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 江南大学 | A kind of repacking lathe and method for the processing of non-circular curve slot |
| CN113110287A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-13 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | Back plate combining non-circular turning control system and control method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1213828C (en) | 2005-08-10 |
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