CN1460775A - Engine cooling device for two-wheeled motorcycle - Google Patents
Engine cooling device for two-wheeled motorcycle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1460775A CN1460775A CN 03136654 CN03136654A CN1460775A CN 1460775 A CN1460775 A CN 1460775A CN 03136654 CN03136654 CN 03136654 CN 03136654 A CN03136654 A CN 03136654A CN 1460775 A CN1460775 A CN 1460775A
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- cooling water
- engine
- cooling
- pipe
- oil
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- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
This invention provides a cooling device of an engine for a motorcycle which sufficiently cools oil in an oil pan. The cooling device of the engine for the motorcycle comprises an oil cooling pipe 25 provided at a site dipped in the oil in the oil pan 21. A radiator 35 is connected to a water jacket 34 of the engine 1 via the pipe 25.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-wheeled cooling unit with engine by engine cooling water Coolers food tray inner engine oil.
Background technique
As the cooling unit by the engine of engine cooling water Coolers food tray inner engine oil of prior art, for example having, the Japanese patent gazette spy opens the disclosed device of flat 11-44208 communique.Cooling unit shown in this communique adopts and makes engine cooling water by radiator and cylinder circuit structure, by the part engine cooling water being supplied to the cooling water flexible pipe in the oil pan, the machine oil in the oil pan is cooled off or heats.
Above-mentioned cooling water flexible pipe is immersed in it in machine oil by the heat exchange department that canal curvature becomes waveform roughly to form, and, its upstream extremity is connected between the radiator outlet of cooling water path and cylinder inlet of above-mentioned cooling unit, downstream is connected between the cylinder outlet and radiator inlet of above-mentioned cooling water path.Above-mentioned heat exchange department is equipped on the contacted with it position when machine oil is inhaled into oil filter on next door of the suction port of oil filter.
Summary of the invention
But, in the cooling unit of engine, have the problem that machine oil can not be sufficiently cooled with above-mentioned formation.Its reason is considered to be assigned to cooling water flexible pipe in cylinder side and the oil pan from the low relatively engine cooling water of temperature that radiator comes out.That is, in above-mentioned cooling water flexible pipe, because near the heat exchange department of being located at the oil filter suction port bends to roughly wavy, it is big that resistance during flow of cooling water becomes relatively, therefore, the flow that flows through the cooling water of cooling water flexible pipe tails off relatively, causes cooling effectiveness step-down as mentioned above.
The present invention finishes in order to eliminate such problem points, and its purpose is to provide a kind of two-wheeled cooling unit with engine of fully Coolers food tray inner engine oil.
For reaching this purpose, the two-wheeled position that be immersed in machine oil in of cooling unit in oil pan with engine according to the present invention is formed with cooling water path, is connected via the water jacket of this cooling water path with radiator and engine.
According to this invention owing to flow into the water jacket of engine after the cooling water path of engine cooling water in the oil pan of flowing through of coming out from radiator, so whole engine cooling waters all the cooling water path in the oil pan flow through.
Two-wheeled cooling unit with engine according to technological scheme 2 described inventions is the two-wheeled cooling unit with engine of technological scheme 1 described invention, and it is characterized in that: the cooling water path in the oil pan is formed extended at both sides along the overall width direction in oil pan by the pipe that the plane is considered as the U word shape.
According to this invention, the machine oil in the oil pan is moved along fore-and-aft direction in oil pan because of being applied with acceleration at the car body fore-and-aft direction in motion.Like this, can increase the oil level that contacts with aforementioned tube by moving of machine oil.Therefore, though the tubular little shape of resistance when becoming engine cooling water and flowing through herein of being located at U word shape in the oil pan, but still energy efficiency is carried out heat exchange than highland and machine oil.
Two-wheeled cooling unit with engine according to technological scheme 3 described inventions is the two-wheeled cooling unit with engine of technological scheme 2 described inventions, it is characterized in that: side's sidewall of oil pan is formed by crankcase cover, and, the open sides end of the U word shape pipe in the organic food tray of this crankcase cover upper support also is supported with cooling waterpump simultaneously.
According to this invention, can form by crankcase cover supporting cooling waterpump and U word shape pipe and an assemblying body that is connected parts such as the two cooling water flexible pipe.
Two-wheeled cooling unit with engine according to technological scheme 4 described inventions is the two-wheeled cooling unit with engine of technological scheme 3 described inventions, it is characterized in that: be formed with the supply side cooling water path of the cooling water inlet of the U word shape pipe in the junctor food tray and coolant outlet on the crankcase cover and return the side cooling water path, and be provided with the bypass that is communicated with these cooling water path.
According to this invention, the lower engine cooling water of relative temperature flows directly to the downstream side by bypass from the upstream side of U word shape pipe.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the two-wheeled side view with engine that is equipped with according to cooling unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the side view that amplifies the expression major component.
Fig. 3 is the planimetric map of cooling waterpump and crankcase cover.
Fig. 4 is expression is installed on the machine oil cooling engine status with pipe a planimetric map.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the V-V line of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the planimetric map of machine oil cooling with pipe.
Fig. 7 is that expression is watched the back elevation of machine oil cooling with the tubulose attitude from the car body rear side.
Fig. 8 is that the profile of machine oil cooling with the tubulose attitude watched in expression from the car body right side.
Fig. 9 is the profile that the expression cooling unit constitutes.
Figure 10 is the stereogram that the expression cooling unit constitutes.
Figure 11 is the figure that the expression cooling water path constitutes.
Embodiment
Below, describe in detail according to a two-wheeled embodiment who uses the cooling unit of engine of the present invention in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 11.
Fig. 1 is the two-wheeled side view with engine that is equipped with according to cooling unit of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the side view that amplifies the expression major component, Fig. 3 is the planimetric map of cooling waterpump and crankcase cover, Fig. 4 is expression is installed on the machine oil cooling engine status with pipe a planimetric map, the mounting portion that this figure has cut two ends open is described, and Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the V-V line of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the planimetric map of machine oil cooling with pipe, Fig. 7 is that expression is watched the back elevation of machine oil cooling with the tubulose attitude from the car body rear side, Fig. 8 is that the profile of machine oil cooling with the tubulose attitude watched in expression from the car body right side, Fig. 9 is the profile that the expression cooling unit constitutes, Figure 10 is the stereogram that expression constitutes with Fig. 9, and Figure 11 is the figure that the expression cooling water path constitutes.
In these figure, what symbol 1 was represented is the two-wheeled engine of using of water-cooled that is equipped with according to this embodiment's cooling unit 2.This engine 1 is the one swing type generator that is equipped on trail bike, and cylinder 4 is located on the crankcase 3 highlightedly to car body the place ahead, and is provided with transmission case 6 to the car body rear extension at the left of trailing wheel 5.Above-mentioned trailing wheel 5 is by above-mentioned transmission case 6 and be in the trailing wheel 5 right-hand rear arms 7 that rearward extend from crankcase 3 and support.
In addition, this engine 1 is supported in the mode that above-below direction can freely shake by vehicle frame with the connected element on the protuberance 3a (not shown) via the connection of the upper end portion that is connected above-mentioned crankcase 3.And then the rearward end of the rearward end of above-mentioned transmission case 6 and rear arm 7 is connected with vehicle frame via damping device 8 respectively.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, above-mentioned cylinder 4 is with the formation with regard to the cylinder head of well-known DOHC type engine is identical a long time ago, the position is connected with air inlet system (not shown) on cylinder head 9, and the following position of cylinder head 9 is connected with outlet pipe 10 (with reference to Fig. 2).In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, symbol 11 expression cylinder block, 12 expression cylinder skulls.In addition, the following position of above-mentioned cylinder block 11 is connected with the cooling water flexible pipe 13 of the cooling unit 2 that the back will illustrate.
Above-mentioned crankcase 3 can form on split ground along the overall width direction, and as shown in Figure 5, the bottom is provided with oil pan 21.This oil pan 21 is formed by crankcase half part 23 on crankcase half part 22 of car body left side (also being the left side among Fig. 5), car body right side and the crankcase cover 24 of open end on car body right side that stops up crankcase half part 23 on this car body right side, and is set to the machine oil cooling that the back will be illustrated and is immersed in the machine oil with managing 25.
As Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10, the machine oil that is stored in this oil pan 21 picks up by being arranged on crankcase 3 inner engine oil pumps 26, supplies to bearing portion 29 and other lubricated portions of bent axle 28 by engine oil supplying pipe 27.In Fig. 9 and Figure 10, the machine oil that stores in oil pan 21 is represented with symbol 30.In addition, in these figure, symbol 31 expression connecting rods, 32 expression pistons, the cooling waterpump 33 of the cooling unit 2 that 33 expression back will illustrate.
As shown in figure 11, the cooling unit of this engine 12 adopts and makes engine cooling water flow through water jacket 34 and radiator 35 circuit structure in the cylinder 4, and it comprises: the radiator 35 (with reference to Fig. 1) that is arranged at Vehicular body front; Be connected in the above-mentioned cooling waterpump 33 of the coolant outlet 35a of this radiator 35 via the first cooling water flexible pipe 36; Be connected in the discharge opening of this cooling waterpump 33 via the second cooling water flexible pipe 37, and be connected in the flexible pipe connection member 38 of the cooling water inlet 34a of the water jacket 34 in the engine 1 again via the 3rd cooling water flexible pipe 13; Be located at the said engine oil cooling pipe 25 in the said engine oil dish 21; Engine cooling water is imported to the 4th cooling water flexible pipe 39 etc. of the cooling water inlet 35b of radiator 35 by the coolant outlet 34b of above-mentioned water jacket 34.In addition, be provided with bypass 40 between the way of above-mentioned the 4th cooling water flexible pipe 39 neutralizes in the way of the above-mentioned first cooling water flexible pipe 36, when the engine cooling water temperature when in engine initial start etc. was relatively low, it stoped engine cooling water to flow through radiator 35.
Above-mentioned cooling waterpump 33 adopts by transmitting the structure that bent axle 28 revolutions drive, and as shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is positioned at the side of above-mentioned crankcase cover 24 and is installed in the upper end portion.
Above-mentioned flexible pipe connection member 38 is used to connect supply side cooling water path 41 that the back in above-mentioned second, third cooling water flexible pipe 13,37 and the crankcase cover 24 will illustrate, returns side cooling water path 42, is installed on the front-end face of crankcase cover 24.
Like this, by flexible pipe connection member 38 being installed on the front-end face of crankcase cover 24, can will connect of the upper side configuration of the first cooling water flexible pipe 36 of this flexible pipe connection member 38 and cooling waterpump 33, outlet pipe 10 can also be extended the side, bottom of crankcase cover 24 along crankcase cover 24.Thus, the situation of interfering mutually can not appear between these pipe parts, not only assembling easily, and since outlet pipe 10 to avoid the first cooling water flexible pipe 36 outstanding to the car body outside, can prevent that the angle of inclination from diminishing.
As shown in Figure 2, the above-mentioned supply side cooling water path 41 in the crankcase cover 24 and return side cooling water path 42 and form to diagonally extending ground, the rear lower side from the front-end face of crankcase cover 24, portion is connected with the said engine oil cooling with managing 25 in its back-end.In this embodiment and the supply side cooling water path 41 that is communicated with of the above-mentioned second cooling water flexible pipe 37 ground, top that returns side cooling water path 42 that is positioned at the other end form.In addition, as Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10, above-mentioned supply side cooling water path 41 and return side cooling water path 42 and interconnect by bypass 40.The passage sections of this bypass 40 is long-pending to be formed long-pending forr a short time than supply side cooling water path 41 and the passage sections of returning side cooling water path 42.
In this embodiment, above-mentioned bypass 40 is formed by flexible pipe connection member 38.At length say, as shown in Figure 2, above-mentioned flexible pipe connection member 38 is formed with two path 41a, the 42a that is communicated with above-mentioned supply side cooling water path 41 and returns side cooling water path 42 in its inside, and is formed with the groove 44 that above-mentioned two paths are interconnected on the installation side end face 38a of the front-end face butt joint of this crankcase cover 24.Above-mentioned bypass 40 promptly is made of this groove 44.
As Fig. 4-shown in Figure 8, the said engine oil cooling with pipe 25 by will forming straight line shape first pipe 45 and the plane be considered as J word shape second pipe 46 mutually welding look with the plane and be U word shape ground and form, be equipped on and be immersed in the interior position of the interior machine oil of oil pan 21 30.In addition, the cooling of this machine oil has a mounting flange dish 47 that is formed by steel plate with the open sides end soldering of pipe 25, and this machine oil cools off with managing 25 and is installed on above-mentioned crankcase cover 24 via this mounting flange dish 47.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, extend in the overall width direction at above-mentioned first pipe, 45 and second pipe 46, and this two pipe 45,46 is with at car body fore-and-aft direction state side by side, and above-mentioned mounting flange dish 47 is fixed in the internal surface of crankcase cover 24 by two fixed-use bolts 48.
As mentioned above, mounting flange dish 47 is being fixed under the state of crankcase cover 24, above-mentioned first pipe, 45 and second pipe 46 is with above-mentioned supply side cooling water path 41 that probes into crankcase cover 24 and the form of returning in the side cooling water path 42, and is outstanding laterally from above-mentioned mounting flange dish 47.In this embodiment, the outstanding side end 45a that is positioned at first pipe 45 of car body front side probes into and returns side cooling water path 42, and the outstanding side end 46a of second pipe 46 probes in the supply side cooling water path 41.That is, machine oil cooling constitutes with the cooling water inlet of pipe 25 opening by second pipe 46, and the machine oil cooling is managed 45 opening end by first and constituted with managing 25 coolant outlet.In addition, for in the cooling water path and the clearance seal in the oil pan 21, between the wall surface of above-mentioned outstanding side end 45a, the 46a of these two pipes 45,46 and above-mentioned two cooling water path 41,42, O type ring 49 is installed.
As Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 6, machine oil cooling is welded with the plane with the opposition side end of the above-mentioned mounting flange dish 47 of pipe 25 and looks the maintenance usefulness plate member 50 that is the T word shape.On the protruding 50a of this maintenance with the front end of plate member 50 yielding rubber 51 is installed.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, this elastic gum 51 is the holding part 52 of コ word shape from the oil pan 21 interior sections that insert crankcase half part 22 that is formed at the car body left side.Like this, by make yielding rubber 51 between machine oil cooling is with crankcase half part 22 in pipe 25 and car body left side with its installation, can make the machine oil cooling positively be supported on crankcase half part 22 in car body left side with the front end of pipe 25, and can prevent that at the kludge oil cooling but with pipe 25 o'clock, crankcase half part 22 in car body left side is excessively pushed with pipe 25 by the machine oil cooling breakage is taken place.
Having as mentioned above the machine oil cooling that constitutes is installed on the crankcase 3 being assembled under the state of one with the second cooling water flexible pipe 37 and the 3rd cooling water flexible pipe 13 with managing 25, wherein, the described second cooling water flexible pipe 37 is used to connect cooling waterpump 33 and flexible pipe connection member 38; Described the 3rd cooling water flexible pipe 13 is used to connect flexible pipe connection member 38 and cylinder 4, and cooling waterpump 33 and flexible pipe connection member 38 all are assembled on the crankcase cover 24 in car body left side.
Whole parts of cooling unit 2 all are assembled in engine 1, by cooling waterpump 33 is moved being filled with under the state of engine cooling water, engine cooling water is imported into flexible pipe connection member 38 from cooling tube 35 first, second cooling water flexible pipe 36,37 of flowing through, and is fed into machine oil cooling water flexible pipe 25 from this flexible pipe connection member 38 by the supply side cooling water path 41 in the crankcase cover 24 again.By making engine cooling water flow through the machine oil cooling with managing 25, the machine oil 30 in the oil pan 21 are cooled off by engine cooling water like this.
The slave oil cooling but is fed into water jacket 34 in the cylinder 4 with pipe 25 engine cooling waters that come out by the cooling system that side cooling water path 42 → flexible pipe connection member 38 → the 3rd cooling water flexible pipes 13 constitute of returning by crankcase cover 24.In addition, the engine cooling water that cooled off cylinder block 11 and cylinder head 9 returns radiator 35 from the coolant outlet 34b of cylinder head 9 the 4th cooling water flexible pipe 39 of flowing through.
Thus, owing to the machine oil cooling of the engine cooling water that comes out from radiator 35 in the oil pan 21 of flowing through flows in the water jacket 34 of engine 1 after managing 25, whole engine cooling waters of this cooling unit 2 are all flowed through the said engine oil cooling with managing 25.Therefore, compare the cooling effectiveness that can improve machine oil with existing cooling unit.
In addition, see the shape that is the U word because the cooling of the machine oil in the oil pan 21 forms in oil pan 21 with pipe 25 along the plane that the overall width direction is extended, therefore, it increases with the contacting of machine oil 30 in the oil pan 21.This is because the machine oil in the oil pan 21 flows along fore-and-aft direction in oil pan 21 owing to applied acceleration by the fore-and-aft direction at car body in motion.Thus, though said engine oil cooling is not to form wavyly with pipe 25, but the little formation of resistance forms the shape that the plane is considered as the U word when having adopted engine cooling water mobile, but still energy efficiency very highland and machine oil 30 carry out heat exchange.
And then, because the sidewall of the one side of oil pan 21 is formed by the crankcase cover 24 on car body right side, the open sides end of pipe 25 is used in machine oil cooling in the organic food tray 21 of these crankcase cover 24 upper supports, meanwhile, also be supported with cooling waterpump 33, thus this cooling unit 2 can form one by the cooling waterpump 33 of crankcase cover 24 supporting and machine oil cooling with pipe 25 and the assemblying body that is connected parts such as the two second cooling water flexible pipe 37.Therefore, a plurality of component-assembled of above-mentioned cooling system can simply be carried out in the operation of engine 1.
In addition, because this cooling unit 2 is provided with the supply side cooling water path 41 of the crankcase cover 24 that is communicated with the car body left side and returns the bypass 40 of side cooling water path 42, so, as short circuit, the engine cooling water that relative temperature is lower but flows directly to the downstream side with the upstream side of pipe 25 by above-mentioned bypass 40 slave oil coolings.Thus, not establishing the situation of bypass 40 compares, owing to can reduce the temperature of the engine cooling water of the water jacket 34 that enters engine 1, excessively heat up owing to machine oil 30 so can prevent engine cooling water, and the engine cooling water of proper temperature can be supplied with engine 1.
As described above described, according to the present invention, the cooling water path because whole engine cooling water is all flowed through in the oil pan is so the heat efficient of the machine oil in the oil pan passes to engine cooling water in the highland very much.Therefore, compare, machine oil fully can be cooled off with existing cooling unit.
According to technological scheme 2 described inventions, though will be located at cooling water in the oil pan with the tubular little simple shape of resistance that becomes when making engine cooling water flow through this to manage, but still can make its efficient very highland and machine oil carry out heat exchange, so can efficient more machine oil be cooled off the highland.In addition, because cooling water is simple with tube shape, so can cheaply form.Thus, compare, can provide cooling performance high cooling unit at an easy rate with existing cooling unit.
According to technological scheme 3 described inventions, owing to can form one by the cooling waterpump and the U word shape pipe of crankcase cover supporting be connected the assemblying body of parts such as the two cooling water flexible pipe, so a plurality of component-assembled of above-mentioned cooling system are become simple in the operation of engine.
According to technological scheme 4 described inventions, because, as short circuit, the lower engine cooling water of relative temperature flows directly to the downstream side by bypass from the upstream side of U word shape pipe, so the situation when not establishing bypass is compared, enter the lower temperature of temperature of engine cooling water of the water jacket of engine.Therefore, according to the present invention, can prevent that engine cooling water from excessively heating up owing to machine oil, and the engine cooling water of proper temperature can be supplied with engine.
Claims (4)
1. two-wheeled cooling unit with engine, it is characterized by: the position of the machine oil in being immersed in oil pan is formed with cooling water path, is connected via the water jacket of this cooling water path with radiator and engine.
2. two-wheeled cooling unit with engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: the cooling water path in the oil pan is formed extended at both sides along the overall width direction in oil pan by the pipe that the plane is considered as the U word shape.
3. two-wheeled cooling unit as claimed in claim 2 with engine, it is characterized by: side's sidewall of oil pan is formed by crankcase cover, the open sides end of the U word shape pipe in the organic food tray of this crankcase cover upper support, and, also be supported with cooling waterpump.
4. two-wheeled cooling unit as claimed in claim 3 with engine, it is characterized by: be formed with the supply side cooling water path of the cooling water inlet of the U word shape pipe in the junctor food tray and coolant outlet on the crankcase cover and return the side cooling water path, and be provided with the bypass that is communicated with these cooling water path.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP150487/2002 | 2002-05-24 | ||
| JP2002150487A JP2003343267A (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Cooler of engine for motorcycle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1460775A true CN1460775A (en) | 2003-12-10 |
| CN1243906C CN1243906C (en) | 2006-03-01 |
Family
ID=29706424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03136654 Expired - Lifetime CN1243906C (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2003-05-22 | Engine cooling device for two-wheeled motorcycle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003343267A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1243906C (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI228569B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102588062A (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2012-07-18 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for providing an integrated cooling system using an independent multi-control system |
| CN103628950A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Oil pan capable of achieving engine oil cooling function |
| CN104791046A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-07-22 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle, engine pack and engine oil temperature control method thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101439698B (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2015-09-16 | 光阳工业股份有限公司 | Engine oil cooling structure |
| US20230056691A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2023-02-23 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle cooling device |
| TWI803066B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-21 | 友永股份有限公司 | water oil cooler |
-
2002
- 2002-05-24 JP JP2002150487A patent/JP2003343267A/en active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-05-13 TW TW92112937A patent/TWI228569B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-22 CN CN 03136654 patent/CN1243906C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102588062A (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2012-07-18 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for providing an integrated cooling system using an independent multi-control system |
| CN102588062B (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2014-10-29 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for providing an integrated cooling system using an independent multi-control system |
| CN103628950A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Oil pan capable of achieving engine oil cooling function |
| CN104791046A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-07-22 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle, engine pack and engine oil temperature control method thereof |
| CN104791046B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-06-08 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle, engine pack and its oil temperature control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003343267A (en) | 2003-12-03 |
| CN1243906C (en) | 2006-03-01 |
| TW200404952A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| TWI228569B (en) | 2005-03-01 |
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Granted publication date: 20060301 |