CN1455857A - 用于液化天然气的浮动设备 - Google Patents

用于液化天然气的浮动设备 Download PDF

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CN1455857A
CN1455857A CN01815443.3A CN01815443A CN1455857A CN 1455857 A CN1455857 A CN 1455857A CN 01815443 A CN01815443 A CN 01815443A CN 1455857 A CN1455857 A CN 1455857A
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barge
natural gas
water
heat exchanger
container
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CN1247948C (zh
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阿伦·E·J·布里奥尔特
卡斯珀·K·赫罗图伊斯
库恩·W·德利乌
邓肯·P·W·雷伊宁
克莱门斯·A·C·范德瓦尔克
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0258Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink

Abstract

一种用于液化天然气的浮动设备,包括一设有液化设备(3)、用于接收天然气的装置以及用于储存和排放已液化天然气的装置的驳船(2),液化设备(3)包括一热交换器(12),其中在液化天然气时去除的热量被传送到水中,驳船(2)还设有一容器(20),一具有一入口(28)的端部开放的进水管路(25),一从进水管路(25)的出口(30)延伸到容器(20)的联接管路(35),一泵(40),用于将水从容器(20)输送到热交换器(12),及一排水系统(45),用于排出从热交换器(12)去除的水,其中该联接管路(35)具有一倒置的U’形形状,其顶部(47)位于容器(20)上方。

Description

用于液化天然气的浮动设备
本发明涉及一种用于液化天然气的浮动设备,包括一设有液化设备、用于接收天然气的装置及用于储存和排放已液化天然气的装置的驳船。液化设备包括一热交换器,其中在液化天然气时去除的热量被传送到水中。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种简单的向和从液化设备的热交换器输送水的系统。
为此,根据本发明的用于液化天然气的浮动设备,包括一设有液化设备、用于接收天然气的装置以及用于储存和排放已液化天然气的装置的驳船,液化设备包括一热交换器,其中在液化天然气时去除的热量被传送到水中,驳船还设有一设置在驳船中的容器,一从驳船悬垂的端部开放的进水管路,该进水管路具有一设置在容器下面的入口,一从进水管路的出口延伸到容器入口的联接管路,一泵,用于通过一供应管路将水从容器输送到热交换器,及一排水系统,用于从热交换器排出水,其中该联接管路具有一倒置的‘U’形形状,其顶部位于容器上方。
现在参照附图对本发明作详细说明,附图表示根据本发明用于液化天然气的浮动设备的局部剖视图。
用于液化天然气的浮动设备包括一设有一液化设备3、用于接收天然气(未图示)的装置及用于储存和排放液化的天然气的装置(未图示)的驳船2。驳船2浮在水5中,虚线10代表水线。
液化设备3包括一热交换器12,其中在液化天然气时去除的热量被传送到水中。本领域中公知的是,天然气是通过在一主热交换器中与蒸发的制冷剂进行间接热交换而液化的。制冷剂穿过主热交换器中包括压缩、液化和蒸发的回路。在主热交换器中蒸发的制冷剂通过与蒸发的辅助制冷剂进行间接热交换而液化。辅助制冷剂同样穿过包括压缩、液化和蒸发的一个回路。为了液化辅助制冷剂,通过在热交换器12中与水进行间接热交换而将其冷却。
为清楚起见,附图中未表示液化设备3的细节。
现在详细讨论冷却水的路径。
驳船2还设有一设置在驳船2中水线10下面的容器20,一从连接到驳船2上的平台26悬垂的端部开放的进水管路25。进水管路25具有一设置在容器20下面的入口28和一位于其上端的出口30,及一从进水管路25的出口30延伸到容器20的入口36的联接管路35。驳船2还设有一泵40,用于通过一供应管路41将水从容器20输送到热交换器12,及一排水系统45,用于排出从热交换器12去除的水。
联接管路35具有一倒置的‘U’形形状,其顶部47位于水线10上方。
在正常操作过程中,天然气输送到对其进行液化的液化设备3。已液化天然气储存在驳船2中,它可排放到用于将已液化天然气输送到岸边的船只上。辅助制冷剂通过与水进行间接热交换而在热交换器12中冷却。
水以下述方式供应到热交换器12。首先通过端部开放的进水管路25和联接管路35将水供应到容器20,从此将其泵送到热交换器12。通过排水系统45将水从热交换器12排出。
为了起动水流,产生了虹吸。这是通过用水加注容器20,向联接管路35的顶部47施加一个低压Pt(N/m2),最好是真空,将水吸入进水管路25和联接管路35而完成的。在进水管路25入口端的压力是pt+ρgdt,i,在容器20入口36的压力是pt+ρgdt,r,其中ρ是水的密度(千克/立方米),g是重力加速度(米/平方秒),dt,i是顶部47到入口28之间的距离(米),dt,r是顶部47到容器20的入口36之间的距离(米)。为确保水保持流动,dt,i必须大于dt,r。适当地,dt,i是dt,r的50到100倍。此外,从顶部47到水线10的距离必须这样选择,使顶部的压力pt=pO-pgdt,r≥0,其中pO是大气压。
排放管路55的出口可在驳船2的侧部适当打开。
适当地,排水系统45包括一穿过驳船2的底部51的通道50,一从通道50延伸到高于水线10的一高度的烟囱52,和一从热交换器12的出口延伸到烟囱52中的排放管路55。排放管路55的出口在水线10下面打开。
适当地,容器20设有一过滤系统60,该过滤系统60这样设置,使得在正常操作过程中,水经过过滤系统60到达泵40。过滤系统包括适于连续净化水的过滤设备,如旋转鼓(rotating drum)或旋流器。
为了能够降低联接管路35的顶部47中的压力,联接管路35在或靠近其顶部47设有一带有一凸缘的通道(未图示),一带有阀的管路(未图示)可取下地联接到该凸缘上。一真空泵可联接到管路的开放端。另外,通过使大气进入管路中,可停止水的流动。此外,当取出管路后,可将用于清理进水管路25的装置降低穿过该通道。
适当地,驳船2还包括一压载箱65,其中压载箱65具有一通过供应管路67与供应管路41相联的入口66,和一个与供应管路41中的喷射器70相联的排放管68。
液化设备的冷却要求可能需要多于一个热交换器12。热交换器可串联或并联设置,或者串联和并联组合设置。这些热交换器中的每一个可具有其自己的排放管路55,或者可有一单独的排放管路用于两个或多个热交换器。
用于冷却所需的水量可能需要多于一个进水管路25。适当地,进水管路的数量在6到8个范围内。进水管路适当地设有用于抑制由于环绕管路外表面的水流引起的振动的装置。
驳船2可包括多于一个压载箱65,每个压载箱可具有其自己的供应管路67和排放管68,或者有一个供应和一个排放管用于几个压载箱。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于液化天然气的浮动设备,包括一设有液化设备、用于接收天然气的装置以及用于储存和排放已液化天然气的装置的驳船,液化设备包括一热交换器,其中在液化天然气时去除的热量被传送到水中,驳船还设有一容器,一从驳船悬垂的端部开放的进水管路,该进水管路具有一设置在容器下面的入口,一从进水管路的出口延伸到容器入口的联接管路,一泵,用于通过一供应管路将水从容器输送到热交换器,及一排水系统,用于排出从热交换器去除的水,其中该联接管路具有一倒置的‘U’形形状,其顶部位于容器上方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驳船,其中排水系统包括一穿过驳船底部的通道,一从该通道延伸到高于水线的一高度的烟囱,和一从热交换器的出口延伸到烟囱中的排放管路,其中排放管路的出口在水线下面打开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驳船,其中该容器设有一过滤系统,该过滤系统这样设置,使得在正常操作过程中,水经过过滤系统到达泵。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的驳船,其中联接管路在或靠近其顶部设有一带有一凸缘的通道,一带有阀的管路可取下地联接到该凸缘上。
5.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的驳船,还包括一压载箱,其中每个压载箱具有一与供应管路相联的入口,和一个与供应管路中的喷射器相联的排放管。
CN01815443.3A 2000-09-11 2001-09-11 用于液化天然气的漂浮设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1247948C (zh)

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AU (2) AU2001289879B2 (zh)
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US20030185631A1 (en) 2003-10-02
US6832875B2 (en) 2004-12-21
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EP1332326A1 (en) 2003-08-06
NO20031090L (no) 2003-03-10
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AU2001289879B2 (en) 2004-05-13
CN1247948C (zh) 2006-03-29
AU8987901A (en) 2002-03-22
JP2004508528A (ja) 2004-03-18
MY126134A (en) 2006-09-29
RU2280825C2 (ru) 2006-07-27

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