CN1447896A - 用于熔炉的底部构件 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
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- C22B15/0047—Smelting or converting flash smelting or converting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B3/14—Arrangements of linings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B2003/125—Hearths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
- F27B3/183—Charging of arc furnaces vertically through the roof, e.g. in three points
- F27B3/186—Charging in a vertical chamber adjacent to the melting chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0005—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
- F27M2001/01—Charges containing mainly non-ferrous metals
- F27M2001/015—Copper
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种悬挂式熔炉的底部构件,该构件用于在其反应空间(2)内在含氧气体和造渣剂存在的情况下熔炼含有金属比如铜、镍或铅的硫化原材料,以便以易于进一步处理的形式提炼所述金属的熔炉(1)中,且当熔化相的温度在1150-1450℃的范围内时,产生的熔化相(5,6)沉淀在熔炉的底部(3)上,以便使熔化相互相分离,其特征在于所述底部构件包括至少一个拱形的衬里层(7),该衬里层沿悬挂式熔炉的纵向方向倾斜,而使与接触熔化相的表面相对的表面(8)上的温度在800°之下。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于悬挂式熔炉的底部构件,通过这种构件可以防止低熔化温度的含金属化合物进入所述底部构件的各层而造成损害。
通常,悬挂式熔炉包含反应竖炉,沉淀器和上风道。有利的是,待熔炼的金属以硫化金属精矿的形式与含氧反应气,从净化熔炉废气所获得且再循环的烟尘,以及造渣剂一起输送到悬挂式熔炉的反应竖炉。由于在上风道中发生反应,形成至少两种熔化相,渣和金属锍,它们在悬挂式熔炉的沉淀器中沉淀。此时,当金属例如是铜时,渣的温度在1200-1450℃的范围内,锍的温度在1150-1300℃的范围内。具有较高温度的熔化相以熔融状态通过沉淀器壁上的孔排出。此外,由于在反应竖炉中发生的反应,产生废气,该废气通向悬挂式熔炉的上风道,进行气体净化。
当在悬挂式熔炉中利用例如铜锍的金属精矿进行生产时,其中铜含量在60-78%的范围内,有时一部分铜可能形成金属锍,此时金属铜的活度接近1。因此,可以从所述锍中沉淀而形成金属相。如果所述金属锍除了铜之外含有大量所谓的黄渣剂,比如砷、锑、铋和铅,那么尤其可能形成金属相。在这种情况下,当在金属铜的活度接近1时进行操作时,部分金属相可能开始在金属铜形成之前沉淀。所述金属黄渣的熔点较低,最低仅约800℃,该温度远低于金属铜的熔点1083℃。由于其比重大于锍的比重,所述黄渣在熔炉的底部沉淀,在底衬和所述锍相之间。而且,所述金属锍具有较低的粘度,所以当金属黄渣渗透到悬挂式熔炉底部的耐火材料时,金属黄渣具有比例如金属铜前进更深的机会。还应指出的是,尤其是当渗透到熔炉衬砖的微孔时,黄渣削弱了砖的绝热能力,因此相对于金属材料的渗透性,削弱了衬里的温度分布。这可能导致悬挂式熔炉的底部削弱,因为生成的金属黄渣渗透顶部衬层,甚至穿过多层衬层,以及穿过衬砖的连接处,甚至浸渍陶瓷衬里材料。
在金属黄渣渗透到悬挂式熔炉底部构件的各层的情况下,通过金属黄渣朝向砖层的浮力符合阿基米德原理,且由于熔化材料和衬里材料之间的密度差较大,存在着朝向衬里的强大作用力,该力趋于抬起在其上方的整个衬里构件。通常,浮力作用是通过使熔炉底部成为低梯度的U形拱而形成的,所以底部在一个方向上具有给定的曲率半径。在另一方面,这种形状导致在将生成的锍从悬挂式熔炉中排出时,尤其是通过位于侧壁上的排出口时,在熔炉底部留有具有较低流动系数的永久层。尤其是当形成金属黄渣时,悬挂式熔炉的底部构件长期接触金属黄渣,使金属黄渣有充足的时间渗入衬里。
本发明的目的是消除现有技术中的某些缺陷,并实现一种改进的用于悬挂式熔炉的底部构件,该构件有利地防止可能的熔融金属黄渣渗入底部构件的各层中。本发明的主要新特征可以从所附的权利要求书中明显看出。
根据本发明的悬挂式熔炉的底部构件,用于熔炼含有金属比如铜、镍或铅的硫化金属原材料,以便以易于进一步处理的形式提炼所述金属的悬挂式熔炉中。熔化的锍、渣和在悬挂式熔炉的反应空间中可能产生的原料金属相导向悬挂式熔炉的底部,以便使不同的相互相分离。根据本发明的悬挂式熔炉的底部构件包括至少一个拱形的衬里层,该衬里层沿悬挂式熔炉的纵向倾斜,而使熔化相可以朝熔化相排出口引导。所述拱形衬里层通过类似形式的拱形钢构件进一步增强。在拱形衬里和钢构件之间,可以设有至少一个附加的衬里层,该附加层降低对钢构件的热影响。
在根据本发明的悬挂式熔炉底部构件中,最低位置的熔化相排出口位于接触熔化相的拱形衬里层的高度,所以熔化相排出口基本上位于拱形底部构件的最低点。所述接触位于悬挂式熔炉内的熔化相的拱形衬里层这样制成,即与接触熔化相的表面相对的表面温度在800℃以下。这样避免了金属相,在熔炼过程中可能产生且具有较低熔点的黄渣透过衬里层。
在根据本发明的悬挂式熔炉的底部构件中,位于悬挂式熔炉底部构件中、接触熔化相的所述拱形衬里层,是由烧制砖比如含氧化锰的砖构成的材料制成的。有利的是,所述拱形衬里层材料的导热性在2W/mK之上,且有利的是,材料的孔隙度在20%之下。根据接触底部构件的熔化相的温度,所述衬里层的厚度在250-700毫米的范围内,有利的是350-600毫米。因此与接触熔化相的表面相对的底部构件衬里层的表面温度保持预定的温度,在800℃之下。此外,接触熔化相的底部构件的拱形衬里层位于相对于水平面倾斜的位置,所以根据位于悬挂式熔炉内的熔化相的粘度,所述斜度在0.1-4%的范围内,有利的是0.2-2%。
位于根据本发明的悬挂式熔炉的底部构件内,且接触位于悬挂式熔炉底部的熔化相的衬里层和可能的附加衬里层,以及增强所述底部构件的钢构件都是拱形的。此外,各层中每一层基本上在悬挂式熔炉的整个宽度上厚度均匀。这样,温度的影响以基本上均匀的方式在整个所述层上分布。而且,温度对用于增强所述底部构件、同时用作底部构件外壁的钢构件的影响可以通过从悬挂式熔炉外侧将冷却气,比如空气导入位于钢构件内的冷却通道内而有利地降低。
下面参照附图详细解释本发明。
图1以侧视剖面图的形式示出了本发明的优选实施例,
图2示出了沿方向A-A看到的图1的实施例,
图3是铜和砷之间的相图。
在图1和2的实施例中,悬挂式熔炉1的反应竖炉2的顶部送入含铜的硫化精矿、含氧的气体、造渣剂和从悬挂式熔炉的废气中分离的烟尘,这些材料在反应竖炉1中互相反应。熔化相、锍相5、渣相6和反应可能产生的黄渣在悬挂式熔炉的沉淀器3中沉淀,以便互相分离。另一方面,反应中产生的废气经沉淀器3导至悬挂式熔炉的上风道4,进行气体净化。
在含铜的硫化精矿中包含砷的情况下,由于反应竖炉2中的反应,可能产生黄渣,其成分基本上对应于化合物Cu3As,根据图3的相图,该化合物具有约830°的熔点。黄渣也可以通过从沉淀器3中的锍相中沉淀而形成。
为了消除具有较低熔点的黄渣的影响,在悬挂式熔炉的沉淀器3的底部上,设有含氧化锰的砖制成的拱形衬里层7。衬里层7中砖的孔隙率在20%以下,导热性在2W/mK之上,厚度为450mm,在这种情况下,所得到的衬里层7的温度分布是与接触熔化的锍相8的表面相对的表面上的衬里层7的温度,在800°以下。这样避免了可能产生的具有较低熔化温度的黄渣透过衬里层7。而且,衬里层7是倾斜的,根据熔化相的流动方向9,相对于水平面倾斜2%。在沉淀器3的壁上,在衬里层7的下端,基本上在拱形构件的最低点,设有锍相5的排出孔10。在沉淀器3的壁上,在锍相5的排出口10上方,还设有渣相6的排出口11。通过使衬里层7倾斜,并调节锍相5的排出孔10的位置,进一步降低了黄渣对衬里的渗透。
在沉淀器3中,在衬里层7下方,还设有拱形的附加衬里层12,其顶面形状与衬里层7的下表面对应,即与接触熔化锍相的表面相对的表面对应。而且,附加衬里层12具有在整个沉淀器3上基本上均匀的厚度,衬里层7和附加衬里层12还通过拱形钢构件13进行增强,该钢构件设有用于送入空气的流体通道14,所述空气可以用作钢构件13的内部部件的冷却气。此外,所述钢构件13基本上在悬挂式熔炉的整个面积上厚度均匀,至少在包括流体通道14的部分上。
Claims (10)
1.一种悬挂式熔炉的底部构件,该构件用在熔炉(1)中,用于在其反应空间(2)内在含氧气体和造渣剂存在的情况下熔炼含有金属比如铜、镍或铅的硫化原材料,以便以易于进一步处理的形式提炼所述金属,且当熔化相的温度在1150-1450℃的范围内时,产生的熔化相(5,6)沉淀在熔炉的底部(3)上,以便使熔化相互相分离,其特征在于所述底部构件包括至少一个拱形的衬里层(7),该衬里层沿悬挂式熔炉的纵向方向倾斜,而使与接触熔化相的表面相对的表面(8)上的温度在800°之下。
2.如权利要求1所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触熔化相的所述底部构件的所述衬里层(7)的厚度在250-700毫米的范围内。
3.如权利要求2所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触熔化相的所述底部构件的所述衬里层(7)的厚度在350-600毫米的范围内。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触熔化相的所述底部构件的所述衬里层(7)的斜度为0.1-4%。
5.如权利要求4所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触熔化相的所述底部构件的所述衬里层(7)的斜度为0.2-2%。
6.如前述任一权利要求所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触所述底部构件的所述衬里层(7)的熔化相的排出孔(10)位于由衬里层的拱形和斜度确定的最低点。
7.如前述任一权利要求所述的底部构件,其特征在于在接触熔化相的衬里层(7)和支撑所述衬里层的钢构件(13)之间,设有至少一个附加衬里层(12)。
8.如前述任一权利要求所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触所述熔化相的衬里层(7),支撑所述衬里层的钢构件(13)和附加衬里层(12)都是拱形的。
9.如前述任一权利要求所述的底部构件,其特征在于接触所述熔化相的衬里层(7),支撑所述衬里层的钢构件(13)和附加衬里层(12),每一层分别具有在悬挂式熔炉的整个面积上基本上均匀的厚度。
10.如前述任一权利要求所述的底部构件,其特征在于支撑所述底部构件的所述钢构件(13)设有冷却通道(14)。
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WO2013107417A1 (en) * | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-25 | Beijing Shantie Technology Co., Ltd. | Cavity-type blast furnace iron-smelting apparatus and iron-smelting method |
CN106086280A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-09 | 北京闪铁科技有限公司 | 造气闪速炼铁的系统和方法 |
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FI125830B (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2016-02-29 | Outotec Oyj | Process for producing stone or crude metal in a suspension smelting furnace and suspension smelting furnace |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4088310A (en) * | 1971-09-17 | 1978-05-09 | Outokumpu Oy | Apparatus for suspension smelting of finely-grained oxide and/or sulfide ores and concentrates |
US4325538A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1982-04-20 | Biuro Projektow Przemyslu Metali Niezelaznych "Bipromet" | Smelting furnace for direct obtaining of copper from ore concentrates/and copper ores |
US4428731A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1984-01-31 | Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt | Smelting furnace |
FI66648C (fi) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-11-12 | Outokumpu Oy | Suspensionssmaeltningsfoerfarande och anordning foer inmatningav extra gas i flamsmaeltugnens reaktionsschakt |
IT1197142B (it) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-11-25 | Snam Progetti | Forno a bacino per la metallurgia dei metalli non ferrosi |
FI91283C (fi) * | 1991-02-13 | 1997-01-13 | Outokumpu Research Oy | Tapa ja laitteisto pulverimaisen kiintoaineen kuumentamiseksi ja sulattamiseksi sekä siinä olevien haihtuvien aineosasten haihduttamiseksi suspensiosulatusuunissa |
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2000
- 2000-08-18 FI FI20001827A patent/FI109936B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001
- 2001-08-14 PE PE2001000812A patent/PE20020321A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-17 US US10/344,828 patent/US6858175B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-17 KR KR10-2003-7002269A patent/KR20030038704A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-17 AU AU2001282205A patent/AU2001282205A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-17 JP JP2002519854A patent/JP2004506865A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-17 EP EP01960806A patent/EP1313993A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-17 WO PCT/FI2001/000730 patent/WO2002014765A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-17 PL PL01360489A patent/PL360489A1/xx unknown
- 2001-08-17 MX MXPA03001349A patent/MXPA03001349A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-17 EA EA200300275A patent/EA004365B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-17 CN CN01814304A patent/CN1447896A/zh active Pending
- 2001-08-17 YU YU12403A patent/YU12403A/sh unknown
- 2001-08-17 CA CA002418325A patent/CA2418325A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-17 BR BR0113272-5A patent/BR0113272A/pt active Search and Examination
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2003
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102605120A (zh) * | 2012-01-21 | 2012-07-25 | 王铨寿 | 腔式高炉炼铁装置及炼铁方法 |
WO2013107417A1 (en) * | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-25 | Beijing Shantie Technology Co., Ltd. | Cavity-type blast furnace iron-smelting apparatus and iron-smelting method |
CN102605120B (zh) * | 2012-01-21 | 2013-09-04 | 北京闪铁科技有限公司 | 腔式高炉炼铁装置及炼铁方法 |
CN106086280A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-09 | 北京闪铁科技有限公司 | 造气闪速炼铁的系统和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI20001827A0 (fi) | 2000-08-18 |
US6858175B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
BG107531A (en) | 2003-11-28 |
KR20030038704A (ko) | 2003-05-16 |
PL360489A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 |
FI109936B (fi) | 2002-10-31 |
MXPA03001349A (es) | 2003-06-06 |
EP1313993A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
EA004365B1 (ru) | 2004-04-29 |
EA200300275A1 (ru) | 2003-06-26 |
PE20020321A1 (es) | 2002-06-10 |
FI20001827A (fi) | 2002-02-19 |
AU2001282205A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
WO2002014765A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
YU12403A (sh) | 2005-11-28 |
CA2418325A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
US20030173722A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
ZA200301125B (en) | 2003-10-24 |
BR0113272A (pt) | 2003-06-10 |
JP2004506865A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
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