CN1447115A - Non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method and apparatus for detecting cracks in pumping rods - Google Patents

Non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method and apparatus for detecting cracks in pumping rods Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1447115A
CN1447115A CN 02109338 CN02109338A CN1447115A CN 1447115 A CN1447115 A CN 1447115A CN 02109338 CN02109338 CN 02109338 CN 02109338 A CN02109338 A CN 02109338A CN 1447115 A CN1447115 A CN 1447115A
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sucker rod
probe
detection
defect
contact type
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CN1214243C (en
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蔡桂喜
冯玮
高俊武
董瑞琪
柳春图
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

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Abstract

An uncontacted soaking supersonic crack detection method used in testing beam-pumping cracking characterizes in soaking supersonic probe and being tested beam-pumping in water in which the probe, the beam and wax wiper to not contact with each other in a gap for 2mm at least between the probe and the wax wiper, the beam rotates by itself and probe moves along the beam shaft to finish the test to the beam-pumping. The special device is composed of a probe moving unit, beam-pumping supporting unit, test-cracking operation platform, crack monitor alarm and a digit recorder.

Description

Be used for non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method and device that defect of sucker rod detects
Technical field:
The present invention relates to Non-Destructive Testing, a kind of non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method and isolated plant that the oil field defect of sucker rod detects that be exclusively used in is provided especially.
Background technology:
Current, the oil recovery in each oil field all be unable to do without the application of sucker rod except that unloading well, usually sucker rod is worked under the effect of various load constantly all the year, always wants tired, and then generation fatigue crack, just begin stress after having crackle to produce and concentrate, lasting fatigue and stress are concentrated and also can be quickened crack propagation, finally cause rod broken, its consequence is to force oil well stopping production, well workover etc., causes a series of economic loss.Usually, the economic loss that once disconnected bar may cause is 12~200,000 yuan, and according to the statistics in present oil field, annual accident rate is interrupted bar and accounted for 15~35%, loss is surprising, is badly in need of a kind of method and apparatus that at the scene defect of sucker rod is detected for this reason.
The method of detection that can carry out fast automatic flaw detection in enormous quantities at present has: magnetic particle method and osmosis, eddy-current method, leakage method, ultrasonic method and X-radiographic real-time imaging method, wherein magnetic and osmosis running time only are fit to damage check on a small scale than length, X-radiographic real-time imaging method is more suitable at the volumetric defective, and two kinds of methods of eddy-current method and leakage method are modes comparatively common in the crack-detecting technology.At first, eddy-current method requires probe closely to contact with surface of the work during detecting a flaw with leakage method, had relatively high expectations to examining the surface of the work situation like this, and sucker rod produces the exhibiting high surface etch pit because of being in for a long time in the rugged surroundings, can't satisfy the closely needs of contact fully; Secondly, eddy-current method and leakage method are relatively more responsive to the gap of popping one's head in and examined between the workpiece, and the sucker rod surface usually is attached with certain thickness greasy dirt and long-pending wax, and they are huge to the flaw detection sensitivity influence of eddy-current method and leakage method; The 3rd, the existence of automatic rabbit requires must consider the major part avoiding device under the way of contact, but the workpiece of advancing fast in detecting operation the blind area can occur detecting again because dodging action, and a plurality of automatic rabbits that distributing usually on sucker rod have reduced detectable area greatly.Therefore, the free of discontinuities operation of detecting a flaw continuously be reached and traditional way of contact must be abandoned.
UT (Ultrasonic Testing) mainly is to travel to and fro between the definite defective of transit time of defective and the distance on surface by measuring-signal, the size and the orientation of defective determined in the amplitude by measuring echoed signal and the position of probe, and it has good Effect on Detecting for the defective of flat state (as crackle, interlayer, fold etc.).Compare with leakage method with eddy-current method, defect detection on ultrasonic basis has that directive property is good, high sensitivity, stable performance, be not subjected to the characteristics of electromagnetic interference (EMI), is being widely used aspect the weld metal crack flaw detection at present.Chinese patent 99232304.5 just provides a kind of " the ultrasonic automatic detection device of sucker rod ", its volume is little, be suitable for execute-in-place, but because it adopts the method that local water-filling is detected a flaw between probe and workpiece, the probe clamping device must be clamped on the sucker rod, thereby equally must consider the major part avoiding device, the detection blind area to occur be inevitable equally owing to dodge action.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and device thereof that defect of sucker rod detects that be exclusively used in, it can carry out the scene detection to coarse sucker rod, and omission do not occur.
The invention provides a kind of non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that defect of sucker rod detects that is used for, it is characterized in that:
Ultrasonic probe with examined sucker rod and submerged, and ultrasonic probe with examined sucker rod and comprise between automatic rabbit and not contacting, and alternate at least 2mm between probe and automatic rabbit; Examined sucker rod self and rotate, probe is axially advanced along examining sucker rod simultaneously, finishes being examined the detection of sucker rod.
The present invention is used for the non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that defect of sucker rod detects, and described ultrasonic probe occurs in pairs, becomes one 14 °~25 ° angles with the sucker rod axis direction, and directed in opposite.
The present invention is used for the non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that defect of sucker rod detects, and preferably adopts the line focus ultrasonic probe, focal line is focused on examined the near axis of sucker rod.
The present invention is used for the non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that defect of sucker rod detects, and described defect of sucker rod detects the body of rod of mainly being examined sucker rod two ends 80mm to first automatic rabbit in two ends.
The present invention also provides a kind of non-contact type water soaked supersonic detection device that defect of sucker rod detects that is used for that is exclusively used in above-mentioned method of detection, it is characterized in that: this device is made of probe travel mechanism, sucker rod supporting mechanism, flaw detection operating platform, crack monitoring warning and four parts of datalogger;
Described flaw detection operating platform comprises that a long water tank (1) and supports with base (6);
Described sucker rod supporting mechanism comprises 6~20 cover beam hanger supports (9), and at least two cover beam hanger supports (9) are fixed in the water tank (1), and an end is provided with beam hanger anchor clamps (2) that link to each other with gear train in the water tank (1);
Described probe travel mechanism is made of probe (8), U type probe bracket (3), walking guide rail (7); Walking guide rail (7) is parallel to sucker rod and axially is provided with; Open Side Down for probe bracket (3), and an end is installed probe (8) and level angle governor motion, and the other end slides at walking guide rail (7) upper edge water tank (1) length direction, has up-down adjustment mechanism (4), focus adjustment mechanism (5) on the probe bracket (3).
The present invention is used for the non-contact type water soaked supersonic detection device that defect of sucker rod detects, and one of beam hanger support (9) in the described two cover water tanks is arranged on the support guide (10) that is fixed on the water tank (1).
At first, disconnected bar sample electron microscope experiment result learns according to sucker rod, and the rod broken reason mainly is to originate from the surface to be mingled with fatigue crack with etch pit, and fatigue crack is all perpendicular to the bar axle, and the fracture propagation district is very level and smooth; Secondly, ultrasonic method only need need to fill propagation medium between probe and workpiece and need not pop one's head in and closely contact with workpiece.Therefore, ultrasonic method is more more suitable than other method to the detection of sucker rod fatigue crack, and probe does not directly contact with workpiece to dodging automatic rabbit possibility is provided, and the shaggy workpiece of suitable detection.
Since in the water velocity of sound be in the steel longitudinal wave velocity 1/4, sound wave during the incident steel workpiece, produces refraction back beam broadening from water, in order to improve detection sensitivity, often use focusing probe.In addition, for crack detection is carried out at each position of sucker rod, the flaw detection probe must axially be advanced along sucker rod, and might be distributed in circumferential optional position at the crackle at same position, then the flaw detection probe is examined sucker rod relatively must tangential motion, in order to reduce the detection blind area that sucker rod and probe are caused during relative motion, the present invention adopts the line focus probe, and according to the speed of related movement of focal line length adjustment probe holder and beam hanger.
Because ultrasonic method has the better detection effect to the plane crackle, simultaneously also because of the distribution characteristics of sucker rod fatigue crack perpendicular to the beam hanger axis, the present invention designed can adjusting angle probe holder, make probe and sucker rod axis direction have angle, thereby crackle is surveyed in the end corner reflection that utilizes fatigue crack to face ultrasonic shear waves.In addition, for fear of the shear crack omission, the present invention has also designed the hyperchannel array mode, and promptly ultrasonic probe occurs in pairs, and directed in opposite.Another the bidirectionally obliquely placed purpose of popping one's head in is to finish the flaw detection scanning of automatic rabbit root and near zone thereof, and this technology is compared with eddy-current method with traditional leakage method has absolute advantage.
For crack detection is carried out at each position of sucker rod, the flaw detection probe must axially be advanced along sucker rod; Secondly, the crackle at same position might be distributed in circumferential optional position, and then the flaw detection probe is examined sucker rod relatively must tangential motion.For this reason, the relative motion of workpiece and probe can have three kinds of modes, the fixation workpiece motion of promptly popping one's head in, probe movement and workpiece is fixed, probe and workpiece move simultaneously.Existing sucker rod defect-detecting equipment adopts the static probe mode usually, in order to reach the requirement of above-mentioned axial and circumferential motion, existing equipment have only allow examined sucker rod rotation on one side, an edge axis direction advances.Under traditional like this mode of motion, if workpiece has the unexpected variation (for example having annex) in cross section in length range, just must introduce avoiding device, and avoiding device must cause omission during finishing expansion and closed action, so, the mode that the present invention adopts probe and workpiece to move simultaneously, promptly axially and the tangential motion isolation technics: sucker rod is fixed on the support and around axis and rotates, and is fixed on the probe holder with the guide rail that is parallel to the sucker rod axis moving linearly that is as the criterion and pop one's head in.Axial and tangential motion isolation technics is the necessary means that realizes that automatic rabbit is dodged.
The present inventor is by discovering in a large number the fracture sucker rod, the load of sucker rod under in working order mainly is the alternate tension of axis direction, the fatigue crack that is produced under this loading is the transversal crack perpendicular to the sucker rod axis, and focus mostly near first automatic rabbit that begins from two ends and before the body of rod.Therefore, the present invention proposes and need not detect a flaw to sucker rod integral body, and only detection is focused near first automatic rabbit in two ends and the body of rod before, thus greatly reduce the entire length of sucker rod fatigue crack failure detector, make the scene detection of sucker rod possess feasibility.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 sucker rod fatigue crack water soaked ultrasonic detection experimental provision structural drawing;
Embodiment:
Experimental provision
As shown in Figure 1, this device does not limit the present invention certainly; This experimental provision mainly is made of probe travel mechanism, sucker rod supporting mechanism, flaw detection operating platform, crack monitoring warning and four parts of datalogger.In addition, in order to adapt to the flaw detection requirement of different length scope, also be equipped with two travel switches in the experimental provision, the effect of one of them is to change the scanning probe direction, and another effect is to shut down to reset.
The probe travel mechanism is made of line focus ultrasonic probe (8), probe bracket (3), up-down adjustment mechanism (4), focus adjustment mechanism (5), walking guide rail (7); The line focus probe adopts 7.5MHz, 30mm focal length, the long 6mm probe of focal line, probe (8) is fixed on the probe bracket (3) that is positioned at water tank (1) top, have on the probe bracket (3) and regulate the angle that turn-knob is used to adjust the probe horizontal direction, the other end of probe bracket (3) is positioned at the water tank outside, two turn-knobs is housed respectively in order to adjust probe height and focal position on it.Probe bracket (3) is installed on the walking guide rail (7) that is parallel to the sucker rod axis, and follows away guide rail (7) walking by the direct current generator driving, to finish the whole crack-detecting to sucker rod.
The beam hanger supporting mechanism is made of beam hanger support (9) and beam hanger support guide (10); For keeping the relative fixed of sucker rod (11) axial location, in the water tank of experimental provision, be provided with a beam hanger support guide (10), settled on it one can be along the beam hanger support (9) of guide rail movement, this beam hanger support (9) can automatic blocking after sucker rod (11) position is determined.The other end at water tank (1) is provided with another fixing beam hanger support (9), and its effect is to support sucker rod (11) head, and an end is provided with beam hanger anchor clamps (2) that link to each other with gear train in the water tank (1), and its effect is that sucker rod (11) is rotated.
Operating platform is made of organic glass water tank (1) and device pedestal (6); Owing to adopt the water logging defect detection on ultrasonic basis, all flaw detection operating process are all finished in water tank (1), and water tank (1) middle water level must be higher than probe (8) position, and floods sucker rod (11) fully.
Crackle warning device and datalogger effect are to select fatigue crack to surpass the sucker rod of declaring the accurate allowed band of abandoned tender, and record flaw detection data.
Detect sample
Be limited to the experimental provision length restriction, employed detection sample is two sections waste oil bars in the experiment, in order to simulate the influence that actual sucker rod scraper brings flaw detection, here chosen one section useless bar that has automatic rabbit especially, and processed an ARTIFICIAL CRACK that the degree of depth is 1mm with wire cutting method at the automatic rabbit root.Adopt wire cutting method manually to carve wound on another section sample bar, 8 ARTIFICIAL CRACK degree of depth are respectively 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm.
Experimental technique and step
Dynamic Crack scanning experiment and static crackle calibration experiment have been carried out in this experiment respectively, the former purpose is to verify the feasibility of the every gordian technique of sucker rod fatigue crack water soaked ultrasonic detection method, the latter's purpose is to obtain different depth crack-detecting signal data, with the usable range of definite sucker rod fatigue crack water soaked ultrasonic detection experimental provision of making.
(1) Dynamic Crack scanning
A ARTIFICIAL CRACK mark
B defectoscope focal length is adjusted
The c scan position is determined
D defectoscope gate is set
E scanning crackle number writes down and checks
Before the experiment beginning, at first on examined samples, indicate the ARTIFICIAL CRACK position with distinct pigment, and record crackle sum (this experiment is 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm and automatic rabbit root 1mm totally 9 crackles); According to defectoscope gauge outfit boundary wave sound path data and focusing probe focal length numerical value, focus adjustment institutional adjustment probe on the device and the distance between the beam hanger make the probe focus be positioned at body of rod inside by experiment; For the wounding signal that makes all ARTIFICIAL CRACK can both show, be as the criterion with the 0.5mm crackle and adjust defectoscope warning gate; Start defectoscope and write down the wounding signal number that gauge outfit shows, and whether check detected crackle number identical with the actual crack number.
Respectively point focusing probe and line focus probe are carried out above-mentioned experiment.
(2) static crackle is demarcated
A defectoscope focal length is adjusted
B sucker rod scanning position is determined
C crackle wounding signal peak is determined
D crackle wounding signal is gathered and record
For the relation between crack size and the defectoscope signal there being the understanding of a quantification, also in order to determine the scope of application of employed experimental provision, must analyze simultaneously the flaw detection signal of each bar ARTIFICIAL CRACK.At first, mechanism determines best test position by the probe focus adjustment, is as the criterion with defectoscope gauge outfit wounding signal maximum; Fixed focal length is manually rotated sucker rod then, is to the maximum with defectoscope gauge outfit wounding signal and accurately decides the ultrasound wave incoming position; Next manual operation makes probe holder do to move by a small margin along probe walking guide rail, fixes at defectoscope gauge outfit wounding signal maximum; Utilize the defectoscope gauge outfit to gather current wounding signal and use computer recording.
9 crackles are carried out above-mentioned steps respectively.
Experimental result
(1) Dynamic Crack scanning
Crackle number: 9 line cutting ARTIFICIAL CRACK
Experiment number:>20 times
Experimental result: all experiments all successfully detect 9 crackles.
(2) static crackle is demarcated
Detect crackle: 9 line cutting ARTIFICIAL CRACK
Experimental result: 9 crackles are seen Table 1 by the data that 2 kinds of focusing probe scannings obtain;
The static crack-detecting experimental data of table 1
??1mm * ??0.5mm ??1mm ??2mm ??3mm ??4mm ??5mm ??6mm ??7mm
??(1) ??40.6 ??40.3 ??52.3 ??60.7 ??59.7 ??60.7 ??57.1 ??58.7 ??57.5
??(2) ??57.9 ??41.6 ??56.5 ??64.9 ??66.9 ??65.9 ??64.8 ??61.7 ??63.7
Annotate: unit: dB *: be positioned at automatic rabbit root (1): point focusing probe data (2): line focus probe data

Claims (6)

1, a kind of non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that is used for the defect of sucker rod detection is characterized in that:
Ultrasonic probe with examined sucker rod and submerged, and ultrasonic probe with examined sucker rod and comprise between automatic rabbit and not contacting, and alternate at least 2mm between probe and automatic rabbit; Examined sucker rod self and rotate, probe is axially advanced along examining sucker rod simultaneously, finishes being examined the detection of sucker rod.
2, according to the described non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that is used for the defect of sucker rod detection of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described ultrasonic probe occurs in pairs, becomes one 14 °~25 ° angles with the sucker rod axis direction, and directed in opposite.
3, be used for the non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method that defect of sucker rod detects according to claim 2 is described, it is characterized in that: adopt the line focus ultrasonic probe, focal line is focused on examined the near axis of sucker rod.
4, describedly be used for the non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection methods that defect of sucker rod detects according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described defect of sucker rod detects and is limited to the body of rod of being examined sucker rod two ends 80mm to first automatic rabbit in two ends.
5, a kind of non-contact type water soaked supersonic detection device that defect of sucker rod detects that is used for that is exclusively used in the described method of detection of claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device is made of probe travel mechanism, sucker rod supporting mechanism, flaw detection operating platform, crack monitoring warning and four parts of datalogger;
Described flaw detection operating platform comprises that a long water tank (1) and supports with base (6);
Described sucker rod supporting mechanism comprises 6~20 cover beam hanger supports (9), and at least two cover beam hanger supports (9) are fixed in the water tank (1), and an end is provided with beam hanger anchor clamps (2) that link to each other with gear train in the water tank (1);
Described probe travel mechanism is made of probe (8), U type probe bracket (3), walking guide rail (7); Walking guide rail (7) is parallel to sucker rod and axially is provided with; Open Side Down for probe bracket (3), and an end is installed probe (8) and level angle governor motion, and the other end slides at walking guide rail (7) upper edge water tank (1) length direction, has up-down adjustment mechanism (4), focus adjustment mechanism (5) on the probe bracket (3).
6, by the described non-contact type water soaked supersonic detection device that is used for the defect of sucker rod detection of claim 5, it is characterized in that: one of beam hanger support (9) in the described two cover water tanks is arranged on the support guide (10) that is fixed on the water tank (1).
CN 02109338 2002-03-25 2002-03-25 Non-contact type water soaked ultrasonic detection method and apparatus for detecting cracks in pumping rods Expired - Fee Related CN1214243C (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101915806A (en) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-15 江苏曙光华阳钻具有限公司 Mobile ultrasonic flaw detection device
CN101424662B (en) * 2007-10-31 2011-06-08 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Ultrasonic scanner
CN102221577A (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-19 中国科学院金属研究所 Movable high-accuracy silk material ultrasonic detection system
CN102221578A (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-19 中国科学院金属研究所 Water-jetting servo ultrasonic detection mechanism
CN102426194A (en) * 2011-11-15 2012-04-25 北京理工大学 Array ultrasonic detection technology of complex surface microdefect
CN101922288B (en) * 2009-06-15 2013-03-20 山东九环石油机械有限公司 Intelligent monitoring sucker rod and monitoring system thereof
US8418562B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2013-04-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for nondestructive material testing of a test subject using ultrasonic waves
CN104698081A (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-10 贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 Ultrasonic flaw detection method for interference bolt of engine drive gear
CN109209342A (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-01-15 北京工商大学 A kind of oil pumping polish rod face crack real-time detection apparatus
CN109373956A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-02-22 长庆石油勘探局有限公司技术监测中心 A kind of lossless automatic continuous detection device of pumping rod made by steel depth of hardening
CN111157614A (en) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-15 沈燕飞 Crack detection method after riveting

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101424662B (en) * 2007-10-31 2011-06-08 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Ultrasonic scanner
US8418562B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2013-04-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for nondestructive material testing of a test subject using ultrasonic waves
CN101922288B (en) * 2009-06-15 2013-03-20 山东九环石油机械有限公司 Intelligent monitoring sucker rod and monitoring system thereof
CN102221577A (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-19 中国科学院金属研究所 Movable high-accuracy silk material ultrasonic detection system
CN102221578A (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-19 中国科学院金属研究所 Water-jetting servo ultrasonic detection mechanism
CN102221577B (en) * 2010-04-14 2014-08-20 中国科学院金属研究所 Movable high-accuracy silk material ultrasonic detection system
CN101915806A (en) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-15 江苏曙光华阳钻具有限公司 Mobile ultrasonic flaw detection device
CN102426194A (en) * 2011-11-15 2012-04-25 北京理工大学 Array ultrasonic detection technology of complex surface microdefect
CN104698081A (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-10 贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 Ultrasonic flaw detection method for interference bolt of engine drive gear
CN104698081B (en) * 2013-12-10 2018-01-23 贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 A kind of driving engine gear interference bolt ultrasonic flaw detection method
CN109209342A (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-01-15 北京工商大学 A kind of oil pumping polish rod face crack real-time detection apparatus
CN109209342B (en) * 2018-10-19 2022-02-22 北京工商大学 Real-time detection device for surface cracks of polished pumping rod
CN109373956A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-02-22 长庆石油勘探局有限公司技术监测中心 A kind of lossless automatic continuous detection device of pumping rod made by steel depth of hardening
CN109373956B (en) * 2018-11-14 2024-05-07 长庆石油勘探局有限公司技术监测中心 Automatic nondestructive continuous detection device for depth of quenching layer of steel sucker rod
CN111157614A (en) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-15 沈燕飞 Crack detection method after riveting
CN111157614B (en) * 2020-01-03 2023-08-08 杭州萧山鼎立机械有限公司 Crack detection method after riveting

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