CN113237959A - Ultrasonic water immersion detection method for shaft rod forgings - Google Patents
Ultrasonic water immersion detection method for shaft rod forgings Download PDFInfo
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- CN113237959A CN113237959A CN202110518613.4A CN202110518613A CN113237959A CN 113237959 A CN113237959 A CN 113237959A CN 202110518613 A CN202110518613 A CN 202110518613A CN 113237959 A CN113237959 A CN 113237959A
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- probe
- shaft
- detection method
- block
- ultrasonic
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic water immersion detection method for a shaft and rod forging, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, before ultrasonic inspection, visually inspecting whether a part or a material to be inspected has cracks, burrs, nicks, scratches, irregular machining and damages caused by tools; step 2, before any product or part is detected, evaluating a detection system; step 3, immersing the reference block and the probe into a water tank, and adjusting the water distance; step 4, longitudinal wave inspection; step 5, transverse wave inspection; step 6, using the maximum scanning speed to clearly distinguish the discontinuity or defect of the reference sample block, if the distortion related to the scanning speed is observed, reducing the scanning speed until the distortion is eliminated; step 7, transmission correction; and 8, evaluating discontinuity. The present invention is used to discover defects that may be exposed on the rod/shaft surface and internal defects such as cracks, holes, inclusions and other structural problems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal part detection, and relates to an ultrasonic water immersion detection method for a shaft rod forging.
Background
For immersion testing, the manipulator should be strong enough to support the search tube with the probe mounted thereon and provide angular adjustment in two mutually perpendicular planes with an error of no more than 0.5 °. The bridge should be strong enough to provide rigid support for the manipulator and to smoothly and accurately position the probe at the desired location. The scanning step position error of the scanning device is within 0.1 inch. The water distance should be adjustable. When part size and/or geometry prevents use of the steering apparatus, a probe attachment should be used in order to control the water distance and probe acoustic beam. The wear of these accessories should not exceed a limit.
The manipulator should verify the mechanical accuracy after repairing or replacing parts or annually, the measurement and requirement of the mechanical accuracy should meet the regulation in QJ/ZHJC ZY.07202, and the current calibration record of the verified mechanical accuracy should be stored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic water immersion detection method for a shaft and rod forging, which is used for finding defects which are possibly exposed on the surface and inside of a rod/shaft, such as cracks, holes, inclusions and other structural problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft and rod forgings is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, before ultrasonic inspection, visually inspecting whether a part or a material to be inspected has cracks, burrs, nicks, scratches, irregular machining and damages caused by tools; any surface defects affecting the ultrasonic inspection should be removed before the ultrasonic inspection, and if not, the part or material to be inspected is marked for reference when later evaluated;
step 2, before any product or part is detected, evaluating a detection system;
step 3, immersing the reference block and the probe into a water tank, and adjusting the water distance;
step 4, longitudinal wave inspection;
step 5, transverse wave inspection;
step 6, using the maximum scanning speed to clearly distinguish the discontinuity or defect of the reference sample block, if the distortion related to the scanning speed is observed, reducing the scanning speed until the distortion is eliminated;
step 7, transmission correction;
and 8, evaluating discontinuity.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, adjust sensitivity, pulse duration, damping or other external controller to enable signals reflected back from known discontinuities on an applicable ultrasound reference block to be clearly identified as a separate and discrete display;
step 2.2, during the primary calibration, setting the amplitude of a signal reflected from the discontinuity of the known reference sample block within the range of 60% to 90% of the vertical screen height of the CRT;
step 2.3, during detection, increasing the sensitivity according to a preset dB level so as to ensure the test accuracy; however, when the test result is judged, the sensitivity should be adjusted back to the initial set value.
The standard for adjusting the water distance:
1)2 interface reflections do not occur before 1 bottom reflection;
2) the water distances for calibration, initial scanning and final assessment must be the same, with tolerances not exceeding ± 3 mm.
Step 4 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 4.1, selecting a range of test blocks with proper flat-bottom hole diameters, placing the test blocks under the beam, and enabling the front surfaces of the test blocks to be located at the selected water distance;
step 4.2, increasing the amplitude of the front surface echo by utilizing the inclination control of the probe, enabling the wave beam to be vertical to the front surface, and positioning and maximizing the echo from the flat-bottomed hole by using the transverse control;
4.3, adjusting the calibration gain control of the flaw detector until the echo of the flat-bottom hole reaches 80% of the full-screen height, and recording the gain reading corresponding to each test block;
step 4.4, repeating the procedure for all the flat-bottom hole test blocks by using any correction coefficient related to the standard block until the metal path is beyond the required working range;
and 4.5, drawing a recorded numerical value curve graph.
Step 5 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 5.1, obtaining a required refraction angle by adopting a probe offset method, wherein the expression is as follows:
d＝(VL/VS)(sinθ)R (1)
in the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
-angle of incidence of the acoustic beam, theta-angle of refraction of the acoustic beam, VLVelocity of longitudinal wave in water, VSThe speed of sound of transverse wave in the workpiece, d-offset distance of the central beam of the probe, R-a test block outer diameter;
step 5.2, placing the test block on a rotating clamp so that the test block can rotate around a shaft stably;
and 5.3, adjusting the position of the probe to enable the probe to be positioned at a vertical axis vertical to the detected piece, adjusting the probe to enable the surface emission amplitude of the detected piece to be maximum, enabling the water courses at two ends of the detected piece in the scanning area to be the same, inclining or offsetting the probe until the reflection amplitude of the artificial reflector is maximum, and adjusting the gain to enable the gain to be 80%.
The maximum scan spacing of step 6 should be less than 50% of the effective beam width.
Step 7 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 7.1, recording at least 4 reflection responses from different parts of the detected part or material, and comparing the responses from the reference block with the lowest responses;
and 7.2, during transmission correction, after calibration is carried out on the test block, the gain is changed according to the decibel value recorded above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the present invention is useful for discovering defects that may be exposed on the rod/shaft surface and internal defects such as cracks, holes, inclusions and other structural problems, but is not limited thereto.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
An ultrasonic water immersion detection method for shaft and rod forgings is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, before ultrasonic inspection, visually inspecting whether a part or a material to be inspected has cracks, burrs, nicks, scratches, irregular machining and damages caused by tools; any surface defects affecting the ultrasonic inspection should be removed before the ultrasonic inspection, and if not, the part or material to be inspected is marked for reference when later evaluated;
step 2, before any product or part is detected, evaluating a detection system;
step 3, immersing the reference block and the probe into a water tank, and adjusting the water distance;
step 4, longitudinal wave inspection;
step 5, transverse wave inspection;
step 6, using the maximum scanning speed to clearly distinguish the discontinuity or defect of the reference sample block, if the distortion related to the scanning speed is observed, reducing the scanning speed until the distortion is eliminated;
step 7, transmission correction;
and 8, evaluating discontinuity.
The step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, adjust sensitivity, pulse duration, damping or other external controller to enable signals reflected back from known discontinuities on an applicable ultrasound reference block to be clearly identified as a separate and discrete display;
step 2.2, during the primary calibration, setting the amplitude of a signal reflected from the discontinuity of the known reference sample block within the range of 60% to 90% of the vertical screen height of the CRT;
step 2.3, during detection, increasing the sensitivity according to a preset dB level so as to ensure the test accuracy; however, when the test result is judged, the sensitivity should be adjusted back to the initial set value.
The standard for adjusting the water distance:
1)2 interface reflections do not occur before 1 bottom reflection;
2) the water distances for calibration, initial scanning and final assessment must be the same, with tolerances not exceeding ± 3 mm.
Step 4 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 4.1, selecting a range of test blocks with proper flat-bottom hole diameters, placing the test blocks under the beam, and enabling the front surfaces of the test blocks to be located at the selected water distance;
step 4.2, increasing the amplitude of the front surface echo by utilizing the inclination control of the probe, enabling the wave beam to be vertical to the front surface, and positioning and maximizing the echo from the flat-bottomed hole by using the transverse control;
4.3, adjusting the calibration gain control of the flaw detector until the echo of the flat-bottom hole reaches 80% of the full-screen height, and recording the gain reading corresponding to each test block;
step 4.4, repeating the procedure for all the flat-bottom hole test blocks by using any correction coefficient related to the standard block until the metal path is beyond the required working range;
and 4.5, drawing a recorded numerical value curve graph.
Step 5 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 5.1, obtaining a required refraction angle by adopting a probe offset method, wherein the expression is as follows:
d＝(VL/VS)(sinθ)R (1)
in the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
-angle of incidence of the acoustic beam, theta-angle of refraction of the acoustic beam, VLVelocity of longitudinal wave in water, VS-the speed of transverse sound in the workpiece, d-the offset distance of the probe center beam, R-the outside diameter of the test block;
step 5.2, placing the test block on a rotating clamp so that the test block can rotate around a shaft stably;
and 5.3, adjusting the position of the probe to enable the probe to be positioned at a vertical axis vertical to the detected piece, adjusting the probe to enable the surface emission amplitude of the detected piece to be maximum, enabling the water courses at two ends of the detected piece in the scanning area to be the same, inclining or offsetting the probe until the reflection amplitude of the artificial reflector is maximum, and adjusting the gain to enable the gain to be 80%.
The maximum scan spacing of step 6 should be less than 50% of the effective beam width.
Step 7 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 7.1, recording at least 4 reflection responses from different parts of the detected part or material, and comparing the responses from the reference block with the lowest responses;
and 7.2, during transmission correction, after calibration is carried out on the test block, the gain is changed according to the decibel value recorded above.
Claims (7)
1. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft-rod forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, before ultrasonic inspection, visually inspecting whether a part or a material to be inspected has cracks, burrs, nicks, scratches, irregular machining and damages caused by tools; any surface defects affecting the ultrasonic inspection should be removed before the ultrasonic inspection, and if not, the part or material to be inspected is marked for reference when later evaluated;
step 2, before any product or part is detected, evaluating a detection system;
step 3, immersing the reference block and the probe into a water tank, and adjusting the water distance;
step 4, longitudinal wave inspection;
step 5, transverse wave inspection;
step 6, clearly distinguishing the discontinuity or the defect of the reference sample block by using the maximum scanning speed, and if the distortion related to the scanning speed is observed, reducing the scanning speed until the distortion is eliminated;
step 7, transmission correction;
and 8, evaluating discontinuity.
2. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft-rod forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, adjust sensitivity, pulse duration, damping or other external controller to enable signals reflected back from known discontinuities on an applicable ultrasound reference block to be clearly identified as a separate and discrete display;
step 2.2, during the primary calibration, setting the amplitude of a signal reflected from the discontinuity of the known reference sample block within the range of 60% to 90% of the vertical screen height of the CRT;
step 2.3, during detection, increasing the sensitivity according to a preset dB level so as to ensure the test accuracy; however, when the test result is judged, the sensitivity should be adjusted back to the initial set value.
3. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft-rod forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the standard of water distance is adjusted:
1)2 interface reflections do not occur before 1 bottom reflection;
2) the water distances for calibration, initial scanning and final assessment must be the same, with tolerances not exceeding ± 3 mm.
4. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft-rod forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 4.1, selecting a range of test blocks with proper flat-bottom hole diameters, placing the test blocks under the beam, and enabling the front surfaces of the test blocks to be located at the selected water distance;
step 4.2, increasing the amplitude of the front surface echo by utilizing the inclination control of the probe, enabling the wave beam to be vertical to the front surface, and positioning and maximizing the echo from the flat-bottomed hole by using the transverse control;
4.3, adjusting the calibration gain control of the flaw detector until the echo of the flat-bottom hole reaches 80% of the full-screen height, and recording the gain reading corresponding to each test block;
step 4.4, repeating the procedure for all the flat-bottom hole test blocks by using any correction coefficient related to the standard block until the metal path is beyond the required working range;
and 4.5, drawing a recorded numerical value curve graph.
5. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft-rod forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 5.1, obtaining a required refraction angle by adopting a probe offset method, wherein the expression is as follows:
d＝(VL/VS)(sinθ)R (1)
in the formula (1), phi is the incident angle of the acoustic beam, theta is the refraction angle of the acoustic beam, VLVelocity of longitudinal wave in water, VS-the speed of transverse sound in the workpiece, d-the offset distance of the probe center beam, R-the outside diameter of the test block;
step 5.2, placing the test block on a rotating clamp, so that the test block can rotate around a shaft stably;
and 5.3, adjusting the position of the probe to enable the probe to be positioned at a vertical axis vertical to the detected piece, adjusting the probe to enable the surface emission amplitude of the detected piece to be maximum, enabling the water courses at two ends of the detected piece in the scanning area to be the same, inclining or offsetting the probe until the reflection amplitude of the artificial reflector is maximum, and adjusting the gain to enable the gain to be 80%.
6. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft rod forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the maximum scanning distance of the step 6 is less than 50% of the effective sound beam width.
7. The ultrasonic water immersion detection method for the shaft-rod forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the step 7 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 7.1, recording at least 4 reflection responses from different parts of the detected part or material, and comparing the responses from the reference block with the lowest responses;
and 7.2, during transmission correction, after calibration is carried out on the test block, the gain is changed according to the decibel value recorded above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110518613.4A CN113237959A (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Ultrasonic water immersion detection method for shaft rod forgings |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110518613.4A CN113237959A (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Ultrasonic water immersion detection method for shaft rod forgings |
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| CN113237959A true CN113237959A (en) | 2021-08-10 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114487111A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 中航金属材料理化检测科技有限公司 | Water immersion ultrasonic detection method for GH4698 forge piece |
| CN116519792A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-08-01 | 广东健齿生物科技有限公司 | Water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection method, device and system |
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2021
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| CN114487111A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 中航金属材料理化检测科技有限公司 | Water immersion ultrasonic detection method for GH4698 forge piece |
| CN114487111B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2024-04-23 | 中航金属材料理化检测科技有限公司 | Water immersion ultrasonic detection method for GH4698 forge piece |
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Application publication date: 20210810 |