CN1432768A

CN1432768A - Phase change solar heat collector

Info

Publication number: CN1432768A
Application number: CN02140881A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘戈
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-01-18
Filing date: 2002-06-24
Publication date: 2003-07-30

Abstract

The phase-changing solar heat collector includes a box body, heat insulating layer, transparent cover plate, heat collecting tube sheet and several fin slats set in the perpendicular direction to the heat collecting tube sheet. Each fin slat includes a bottom slat and a facing slat with cavity, and the fin slat is connected with the heat collecting tube sheeve via its bottom slat and form a angle. Owing to the reverse blocking between the fin slats, the radiation energy loss of the sun light apart from the heat collector is reduced, the heat transferring efficiency of the heat collector is raised, the outwards inclined size of the heat collector may be reduced.

Description

A kind of phase-change solar heat-collector

Technical field

The present invention relates to phase-change solar heat-collector, refer to a kind of heat collector extinction wing plate angle flat type solar heat collector that can set, that can suspend and install and use especially.

Background technology

Solar energy is a kind of energy of inexhaustible cleaning, and under the threat that current environmental pollution and energy shortage are on the rise, make full use of solar energy resources is the target of human unremitting effort pursuit always.

Flat type solar heat collector is modal energy acquisition and a converter during solar heat utilizes, be used to absorb direct light and scattered light from the incident of all directions, transfer luminous energy to heat energy output, modal application is to form solar water heater with storage tank etc.

Since solar radiation to be a kind of density lower and the time energy of being everlasting and changing, its receiving plane build-up radiation intensity with solar latitude and in one day the variation of daylight height be regular variation.Variation according to the sun incident four seasons, incidence angle is accepted intensity variations between 0 °～90 ° can reach 17%, though between 0 °～45 °, this kind variation is less to the influence of light intensity, but excursion is above 45 °, gain that loss that this variation produces brings is eliminated to such as the raising of solar water heater service efficiency still highly significant in the three class solar radiation zones that are located in low latitudes and sunshine shortage.

In addition, if can make preferable technological adjustment to radiation receiving surface direction in the reception plane, make the sun in a day with in the plane that changes with incident angle in the sunshine height change, the solar thermal collector radiant energy that is reflected and scatters is farthest held back and is utilized, then with the variation of direction at sunshine, changing the gain sum that is produced in obtainable light radiation gain on the heat collector together with adjusting tracking solar latitude can increase more than 20%, and this gain is rare for nearly about 55% the flat solar water heater of the per day thermal efficiency; Sunshine shortage, the flat solar water heater that produces the three class sunshine radiation areas of hot water temperature about 35 ℃ are valuable for winter.

Prior art is to the surperficial architecture advances of having carried out except that the selective absorption surface coating of the dull and stereotyped heat absorption of flat plate collector; Announced a kind of partial installation suspension type solar water heater as Chinese patent CN2421591 by the compound zigzag heat absorption surface structure design that varies in size, it utilizes compound serrated face to reduce reverberation, sorbent surface is long-pending to improve heat absorption efficiency with the absorption efficiency that improves scattered light by increasing again simultaneously, the reflection-absorption rate of daylight is improved, but, by to the reflective analysis of compound serrated face as can be known: its incident light just is snapped away from heat collector after absorbing through 2～4 secondary reflections, therefore from viewpoint of energy, absorption loss water is bigger.

Another Chinese patent CN2284934 has adopted the heat-absorbent surface structural design of falling-in plate rib heat collector, blade by the thermal-collecting tube axially parallel and with blade γ angle be the flanging setting of 0 °～179 ° plate grade, increase repeatedly reflection and absorption to the sun reflection energy.Obviously, when the parallel blade spacing is big, or when the γ of blade and flanging angle is greater than 90 ° after, during along with the increase of this angle, sunshine height change incidence angle increase, it is also big more that the energy loss that width of blade spills is passed through in solar radiation or reflection.

In addition, the suspension type plate solar collector of split type installation, wish vertically to be provided with or to be adjacent to building wall as much as possible, at this moment, the heat-absorbent surface setting of adopting in the above-mentioned technology is all partially closely at horizontal plane, this is especially unfavorable for using at the low latitudes below 22 °, winter, heat collector vertically suspended when being provided with, because solar latitude angle minimum adds the variation of height at sunshine, make the incidence angle of considerable part daylight greater than 45 °, collector efficiency is very low; If heat collector is installed the base angle to be transferred big, make incident light and heat-absorbent surface near normal, then the base angle is nearly 45 ° when spending, flare partly can obviously too be protruded, this can give usually, and the building interfloor height causes window daylighting to block in the resident family of lower floor below 3.10 meters, so also can damage the outward appearance harmony that heat collector combines with elevation of building, cause new visual pollution.

On the other hand, solar thermal collector is at the easy laying dust in outdoor long-term use back, contamination and accumulated snow, cause the transmissivity of solar radiation to reduce, need regularly clean, therefore, easy cleaning is an important indicator that guarantees solar thermal collector thermal efficiency stability, after general heat collector uses a period of time, can reach more than 20%, make the thermal efficiency be difficult to keep stable because laying dust inconvenience causes transmissivity to reduce, the unsettled overhanging size of heat collector is big more, and the cleaning maintenance is inconvenient more with working service; For the outdoor suspension type heat collector that uses in middle-high building, because high altitude wind is bigger than ground, so the unsettled overhanging size of heat collector is big more, so wind-force load is big more, security is also poor more.

This shows that there are improved needs in the split type flat-plate solar collector that is suitable for the installation of floor elevation of building in the prior art because of being difficult to satisfy simultaneously the requirement of these several respects.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of phase-change type solar thermal collector of suspending and install on the facade such as floor building of being suitable for, in the hope of reaching heat collector flare size minimum, daylighting heat absorption and heat transfer efficiency height, the setting of absorber plate face structure be suitable for catching produce in the height change at sunshine sunshine reverberation with scattered energy, in light weight, be easy to clean and maintenance and with the building effect of harmony mutually.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, promptly, a kind of phase-change type solar thermal collector, comprise heat collector cases, heat collector heat-insulation layer, transparency cover flaggy and thermal-arrest tube sheet, it is characterized in that, also comprise a plurality of wing battens that are provided with along thermal-arrest tube sheet vertical direction, described wing batten comprises a base plate and the panel that is attached thereto, panel is provided with cavity, and this wing batten is affixed by its base plate and this thermal-arrest tube sheet face, and this wing batten panel and this thermal-arrest tube sheet face form an angle; Sharp angle between the panel of described wing batten and this thermal-arrest tube sheet face is between 10 °～90 °; Cavity on the panel of described wing batten is along the sealing cavity of one or more separations of this thermal-arrest tube sheet face horizontal direction formation, is marked with phase-change heat transfer working medium in the chamber; Can be with the imbibition core in the described sealing cavity; Being connected between the panel of described wing batten and the base plate is that a base plate is connected with one or more panel; The base plate of described wing batten and its panel can be to be made into integration or split is connected and makes; The panel of described wing batten can be to connect or connect from its bottom end other parts in addition from its bottom end; Described wing batten panel along the distribution density of this thermal-arrest tube sheet vertical direction between 2～500/meter; Described wing batten base plate and thermal-arrest tube sheet affixed is to adopt welding or bonding or connect with pressure processing; Described wing batten panel preferably is horizontally disposed with on thermal-arrest tube sheet face.

Advantage of the present invention is: because the parallel radiation that adopts distributing on the daylighting face of heat collector a plurality of and thermal-arrest tube sheet to wear certain angle absorbs the wing batten, support only need be done less inclination angle adjustment or do not adjust when suspending, make the flare size of phase transformation heat collector reduce to minimum, thereby wind carries minimizing, in light weight, be easy to clean and maintenance, the concordance that combines with building improves, and because the reflection blocking in the wing batten reduces the solar radiation energy that reflects heat collector significantly, make the phase transformation heat collector reach efficiently the moment heat transfer efficiency, make the collection of heat and transmit to reach better effect than existing method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of phase-change type solar thermal collector of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is one of wing batten embodiment of heat collector of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is another wing batten embodiment of heat collector of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is another wing batten embodiment of heat collector of the present invention.

Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12 are the structure embodiment of the wing batten of heat collector of the present invention.

The specific embodiment

In the employing, low boiling is single or complex media is done the phase-change type heat collector of heat-exchange working medium, has thermal efficiency height, in light weight, advantage such as the life-span is long and winter operation is normal.

Its typical case uses and comprises solar water heater system, common this solar water heater system is by the tube-sheet type flat plate collector, heat exchanger, storage tank and system pipeline valve are formed, before putting into operation, at first in heat collector wing batten phase transformation chamber, fill a certain amount of working medium, form annular seal space through adding to vacuumize or heat eliminating incoagulable gas rear enclosed, also can add the imbibition core in the annular seal space, heat pipe for gravity-type, its course of work is: under solar radiation, in, low boiling working fluid is phase-changed into gas by the liquid heat absorption in the phase transformation heat collector, gas is by rising to top and thermal-arrest tube sheet contact zones in the heat collector wing batten phase transformation chamber, gaseous working medium condensation there, emit latent heat, and heat passed to other heat transfer medium by the thermal-arrest tube sheet, liquid refrigerant after condensing returns the least significant end of heat collector wing batten through the decline of phase transformation chamber wall under the gravity effect, again the back phase transformation of being heated is evaporated, heat transfer cycle is transmitted the thermal-arrest tube sheet with heat so repeatedly, and, heat is transferred to water in the storage tank by system pipeline valve and other heat transfer medium.

Consult Fig. 1, phase-change type solar thermal collector of the present invention, comprise thermal-arrest tube sheet 1, phase transformation wing batten 2, transparency cover flaggy 3, heat collector cases 4, heat collector heat-insulation layer 5, pipeline 6 and suspension type support 7, wherein, thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 is arranged in the middle of the heat collector heat-insulation layer 5, and thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 and heat collector heat-insulation layer 5 place among the heat collector cases 4 jointly, be coated with transparent (for example glass) cover layer 3 on it, in addition, the last hypomere of thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 after laterally connection converges, is connected for output heat energy with pipeline 6 respectively.

In conjunction with consulting Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5: wing batten 2 comprises a base plate 22, and the panel 21 that links to each other with this base plate, on panel 21, be provided with cavity 23, and this base plate 22 and thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 Joint, and the panel 21 of wing batten 2 has an angle each other with the face of thermal-arrest tube sheet 1, this angle α (acute angle) is generally between 10 °～90 °, in addition, for guaranteeing to be absorbed fully by the solar radiant energy of phase transformation wing batten 2 reflections, the direction that described wing batten 2 is installed along solar thermal collector, it is vertical direction, should be more than one, rule of thumb, its distribution density is between 2～500/meter, be on every meter length, can be provided with 2～500 such phase transformation wing battens 2.

Fig. 3 has provided a kind of embodiment of wing batten 2, as shown in the figure, the panel 21 of wing batten 2 has the sealing cavity of a plurality of separation in the horizontal direction, be filled with a certain amount of working medium in the chamber, as pentane, and band imbibition core in it, in sealed after being vacuumized, the panel 21 of wing batten 2 and the sharp angle α between the thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 are 15 °, and heat collector is to the acceptance angle of incident light radiation when being used to regulate the geographic latitude angle and being 15 °, and wing batten 2 is 15/meter in the distribution density of vertical direction.In addition, the panel of wing batten 2 and base plate are to be made into integration, adding the cavity structure again after employing sheet metal curring and shaping die processing method as shown in Figure 6 is shaped makes, panel 21 connects from two ends of base plate 22, be connected with 1 base plate by 2 panels, the affixed base plate 22 by the former of wing batten 2 and thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 is connected through welding or heat-conducting glue, and as shown in Figure 3, and wing batten 2 is as the criterion with its horizontal line on 1 of thermal-collecting tube and is rotated counterclockwise an angle (for example 5 °) setting.

Fig. 4 has provided the another kind of embodiment of wing batten 2, as shown in the figure, wing batten 2 panels 21 have a sealing cavity in the horizontal direction, be filled with a certain amount of complex heat transfer medium in the cavity as working medium, be not with the imbibition core, get rid of the on-condensible gas rear enclosed through heating and form an annular seal space, the panel 21 and the sharp angle α between the thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 of the wing batten 2 that shows among the figure are 72 °, heat collector is to the acceptance angle of incident light radiation when being used to regulate geographic latitude angle and solar latitude angle sum and being 72 °, and wing batten 2 is 40/meter in the distribution density of vertical direction.In addition, the panel 21 and the base plate 22 of wing batten 2 are to be made into integration, adopt as shown in Figure 7 metal punching forming and machining method to be shaped, form the cavity structure simultaneously and make, panel connects except that the end from base plate, be connected with 1 base plate by 40 panels, wing batten 2 is horizontally disposed with along the plate face of thermal-arrest tube sheet 1, and the base plate 22 of wing batten 2 is connected on the plate face of thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 through pressure processing (as roll extrusion).

Fig. 5 has provided another embodiment of heat collector of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5: the panel 21 of wing batten 2 forms the sealing cavity of a plurality of separation in the horizontal direction, be filled with a certain amount of working medium in the chamber, as pentane, and have the imbibition core in it, in sealed after being vacuumized, sharp angle α between wing batten 2 and the thermal-collecting tube 1 is 45 °, heat collector is to the acceptance angle of incident light radiation when being used to regulate the geographic latitude angle and being 45 °, wing batten 2 is 65/meter in the distribution density of vertical direction, the panel of wing batten 2 and base plate are to be made into integration, after adopting sheet metal curring and shaping die processing method shaping as shown in Figure 8, add the cavity structure again and make, panel connects from an end of base plate, and 1 panel is connected with 1 base plate.In addition, wing batten 2 is that the former base plate 22 and the contact wire of thermal-collecting tube 1 are directly formed the thermal-arrest tube sheet through being welded to connect with the affixed of thermal-collecting tube 1, and wing batten 2 is along being horizontally disposed with in the contact wire place face of thermal-collecting tube 1.

In addition, described phase transformation wing batten 2 can adopt aluminium, and the surface absorbs chemical deposit through the electrolytic coloring of anodic oxidation solar selectively and handles; Also can adopt stainless steel, its surface absorbs chemical deposit through the black chromium solar selectivity and handles.For weight and raising processing technology and the working (machining) efficiency that alleviates the thermal-arrest tube sheet, the plate core of thermal-arrest tube sheet, can adopt the processing mode that engages with dull and stereotyped two plate welding etc. by a template that contains grooves such as a plurality of uniform undaforms, ladder type, rectangle, after two ends add the welding of connection header, make the thermal-arrest tube sheet of band tube chamber, add the version that joins header to replace the welding of traditional flat board and pipe.

Described thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 comprises thermal-collecting tube and thermal-arrest tube sheet, and thermal-collecting tube can adopt multitube tubulation two ends to add the connection header and be welded; The thermal-arrest tube sheet can adopt a semicircle aluminium template and dull and stereotyped two plates of an aluminium through plate---and plate welds, adds through two ends the connection header and is welded; Also can adopt stainless steel flat plate and stainless steel tube through plate---pipe welds, adds through two ends the connection header and is welded.Described thermal-arrest tube sheet face comprises plate face, and the contact tube face at thermal-collecting tube and the affixed contact wire of phase transformation wing batten base plate place of above-mentioned thermal-arrest tube sheet.

Being connected between the panel 21 of described phase transformation wing batten 2 and the base plate 22 can be that the bottom of panel 21 is connected embodiment as shown in Figure 8 with the side place of base plate 22; Embodiment is as shown in Figure 7 located to be connected in addition with base plate 22 sides in the bottom that also can be panel 21; In addition, can be to be integrated between panel 21 and the base plate 22, as by shown in Fig. 6 embodiment: add the cavity structure again after adopting the metal punching forming and machining method to be shaped and make; Or by shown in Figure 12 embodiment: adopt the casting forming processing method of band cavity structure to make; Can be non-being integrated into also, as press Fig. 9 embodiment: two ones be shaped through sheet metal crimping forming and machining method about employing; Or as by shown in Figure 10 embodiment: two distolateral and base plates 22 by panel 21 are made through being welded to connect up and down; Or as by shown in Figure 11 embodiment: two distolateral limits by panel 21 are connected after punching press or welding with base plate 22 and make up and down, add the cavity structure again and make.

Fig. 8, shown in Figure 10 be an embodiment of the structure of wing batten 2, wherein, the wing batten is to be connected with 1 base plate 22 and to be made by 1 panel 21.

Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7 be another embodiment of the structure of wing batten 2, wherein, phase transformation wing batten is connected with 1 base plate 22 by the panel more than 1 21 and makes.

The solar thermal collector of the present invention installation that can vertically suspend when using, for this reason, the suspension type support comprises that two ends are connected with casing 4 hinges up and down, and, two ends have the bolt governor motion that links to each other with support, and the incident light radiation is to the incidence angle of heat collector wing batten daylighting face when changing with auxiliary adjustment solar latitude angle.

The phase-change solar heat-collector embodiment course of work of the present invention is as follows:

When solar radiation after clear glass cover layer 3, being absorbed---reflection---by wing batten 2 absorbs again, radiation is absorbed through repeatedly reflecting, heating complex media or heating pentane form boil-off vapor, heat is passed to the highest section its base plate and thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 junction fast, heat transfer medium in thermal-arrest tube sheet 1 carries out heat exchange and condensation, and liquid is through the tension force effect of imbibition wicking surface or return wing batten least significant end under gravity and carry out heat transfer cycle, with this solar energy is converted to heat energy output.

Claims

1. phase-change type solar thermal collector, comprise heat collector cases, heat collector heat-insulation layer, transparency cover flaggy and thermal-arrest tube sheet, it is characterized in that, also comprise a plurality of wing battens that are provided with along thermal-arrest tube sheet vertical direction, described wing batten comprises a base plate and the panel that is attached thereto, panel is provided with cavity, and this wing batten is affixed by its base plate and this thermal-arrest tube sheet face, and this wing batten panel and this thermal-arrest tube sheet face form an angle.

2. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the sharp angle between the panel of described wing batten and this thermal-arrest tube sheet face is between 10 °～90 °.

3. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, cavity on the panel of described wing batten is along the sealing cavity of one or more separations of this thermal-arrest tube sheet face horizontal direction formation, is marked with phase-change heat transfer working medium in the chamber.

4. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 3 is characterized in that, can be with the imbibition core in the described sealing cavity.

5. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, being connected between the panel of described wing batten and the base plate is that a base plate is connected with one or more panel.

6. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the base plate of described wing batten and its panel can be to be made into integration or split is connected and makes.

7. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the panel of described wing batten can be to connect or connect from its bottom end other parts in addition from its bottom end.

8. phase-change solar heat-collector according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described wing batten panel along the distribution density of this thermal-arrest tube sheet vertical direction between 2～500/meter.

9. phase-change type solar thermal collector according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described wing batten base plate and thermal-arrest tube sheet affixed is to adopt welding or bonding or connect with pressure processing.

10. phase-change solar heat-collector according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described wing batten panel preferably is horizontally disposed with on thermal-arrest tube sheet face.