CN1423587A - 用于具有盲孔和l形锁销的刀片的锁销系统 - Google Patents

用于具有盲孔和l形锁销的刀片的锁销系统 Download PDF

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CN1423587A
CN1423587A CN01808005A CN01808005A CN1423587A CN 1423587 A CN1423587 A CN 1423587A CN 01808005 A CN01808005 A CN 01808005A CN 01808005 A CN01808005 A CN 01808005A CN 1423587 A CN1423587 A CN 1423587A
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cutting tip
cutting
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CN1175952C (zh
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罗伯特·伊萨克松
濑户谕介
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Sandvik AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1644—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane and at the same time upon the wall of a hole in the cutting insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0461—Round
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/36—Other features of cutting inserts not covered by B23B2200/04 - B23B2200/32
    • B23B2200/3618—Fixation holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00—Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/04—Fixation screws, bolts or pins of particular form
    • B23B2205/045—Fixation screws, bolts or pins of particular form orientated obliquely to the hole in the insert or to the seating surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/18—Ceramic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2222—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/2252—Rectilinearly
    • Y10T407/2256—Rectilinearly including wedge clamp element
    • Y10T407/2258—And guide or detent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274—Apertured tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274—Apertured tool
    • Y10T407/2276—Apertured tool with means projecting through aperture to force tool laterally against reaction surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2284—Wedge clamp element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9457—Joint or connection

Abstract

根据本发明提供了一种用于可转位切削刀片的刀片固定器(10)。所设有的一个与刀座相关的夹紧装置包括一L形肘节(18),该肘节的一个臂(21)被收纳在切削刀片的一个孔(13)内,而另一个臂(22)被一个压力元件(19)所驱动。本发明的特征在于,切削刀片中的孔(13)是一个盲孔,而与压力元件(19)互相配合的臂(22)的端部具有一个V形空腔(23),以便包围住压力元件(19)的腰部(24)。

Description

用于具有盲孔和L形锁销的刀片的锁销系统
发明领域
本发明所涉及的一种新型切削刀具包括一个用于夹持可转位切削刀片的刀片固定器，该刀片固定器在固定器本体的刀座处设有一个空腔，这样切削刀片就抵靠住一个基部表面，以及一个固定在固定器的一个钻孔中并在切削刀片的钻孔中向上延伸的锁销，该锁销被设置成可确保切削刀片稳定定位，以便相对刀座的至少一个侧部支承将切削刀片夹紧。
背景技术
现在有许多不同的锁销型刀片固定器，其中切削刀片利用一个向上延伸进切削刀片的一个孔中的锁销而被夹紧，而锁销的杠杆运动是由与设置在固定器中的一个压力产生元件相配合的锁销的相对端而实现的。瑞典专利SE357316公开了这样一种锁销型刀片固定器。但是利用这种固定器，有时切削刀片在机加工过程中会产生不希望的位置变化。
另外，原先例如从瑞典专利SE368786中已经知道了一种锁销固定器，其中固定在刀片固定器的钻孔中并且在切削刀片的一个孔中向上延伸的一个锁销被设置成与设置在刀片固定器中的一个压力元件相配合，以便相对刀座的至少一个侧部支承将切削刀片夹紧。但是这种具有用于结合刀片孔的内嵌肘节的固定器被认为只能与那种具有穿透其整体的中心通孔的切削刀片配合使用。而且在SE368786中这一点也是必须的，因为与切削刀片相配合的L形臂同样应该具有设置成能由上向下将切削刀片推到其垫片上的侧部凸起。但是这种固定器的缺点是必须使切削刀片具有中心通孔。这种切削刀片的特征会是其发生断裂的最大危险因素，尤其是现在越来越多地由复合陶瓷或纯陶瓷作为切削材料制成的情况下。这种切削刀片的另一个缺点是在机加工时，脏物和颗粒会掉入中心通孔并聚集在用于接纳形成肘节的锁定装置的空腔底部。有时甚至会在更换刀片时很难拆离切削刀片。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种新式的、不被上述缺点影响的改进型切削刀具。根据本发明提出这样一种刀片固定器，该刀片固定器所设有的孔并不穿过切削刀片但用来接纳基本为L形的支承销。同时，在刀片固定器中形成有一个与接纳上述第一支承销的空腔分隔开的钻孔，在其内设置有一个具有显著腰部的压力元件，用于与上述V形空腔相互配合。当压力元件旋转时，一方面会产生作用在支承的一个臂上的向下作用力，这样会将切削刀片压到刀座的底面上，同时由于支承销倾斜所产生的作用力向内指向固定器主体，这就会通过支承销产生使切削刀片夹紧在一个或多个侧部支承上的装夹效果。
附图简述
下面参照示出本发明一个最佳实施例的附图来描述本发明，其中：
图1示出刀片固定器的平面图；
图2示出沿II-II线所截取的剖视图；
图3示出沿图1中III-III线所截取的剖视图；
图4示出图1中刀片固定器的透视图；
图5示出刀片固定器及其装夹元件的透视图；
图6示出另一个实施例的平面图；
图7示出沿图6中V-V线所截取的剖视图；
图8示出图7中的放大细部。
具体实施方式
在附图中，刀片固定器主体用10表示，该主体在端部设有一个刀座，该刀座具有连接至其底面的钻孔11。在刀座中固定有一个可转位刀片12，该刀片具有一个中心孔13，该中心孔具有一个底部14。该刀片固定器包括一个结合进固定器中或由一个可分离的垫片形成的基部表面15，并可由硬质合金制成，以便获得所需的硬度和平整度。刀片固定器12是圆形的并具有一个中心凸台12a。刀座的侧向支承是由具有相应于刀片固定器的形状而弯曲的凹部的表面16和17所形成。该表面16和17具有一个与刀片固定器侧表面形状相对应的圆锥形状，其余隙角通常为4-8°。支承销18安装在切削刀片的钻孔13内，希望在一个压力元件的作用下成为一个双臂杠杆，因此在此双臂杠杆由一个圆柱形销19提供，该圆柱形销19以螺纹方法旋进固定器10并被接纳在一个向下指向固定器底部的通道20内，所述通道基本平行于切削刀片内用于接纳支承销18的凹槽13而延伸。
支承销18为L形并在一端具有一个圆柱形，用来与切削刀片的孔壁接合，同时，大致垂直于部分21而形成的一个臂22设置成与元件19相配合。臂22的两个楔形端部22a和22b在其之间形成一个V型空腔23，以便接纳在成型在元件19上的径向凹槽24形状的腰部，凹槽24的环形上部限制表面25以及端部22a、22b的上部端面相对于收纳元件19钻孔20的中心轴倾斜地定位。支承销18在侧面也设有一个较小的凸起27，该凸起邻接着固定器内用于接纳支承销的凹槽内部的表面28。
通过加入一个合适的键楔元件(未示出)并使之与元件19上的埋头键楔插孔19a接合来收紧元件19，从而夹紧切削刀片。向下按压元件19，这样表面25和26就形成接触。连续束紧元件19会形成如下的效果，即臂22将随着成为中心的凸起27旋转，这样臂22会随凸起27向下滑动与接触到表面28。结果圆柱形部分21被作用力按压到切削刀片的孔13内并从侧部被有效夹紧。由于部分21和接触部分29内的孔13壁之间的摩擦接合和元件19所引起的凹陷，同样会有一个向下的夹紧力作用在切削刀片上。以相反方向转动元件19就会松开切削刀片。
图6-7所示的替代实施例保留了原先图1-4所示的装夹原理。作为补充，在此切削刀片已经安装一个上部夹具30，由此通过该夹具利用一个紧固螺钉31即可紧固刀片，该紧固螺钉的头部32基本整体埋入夹具的一个底部凹槽中，这样该头部32的上表面33将会基本与夹具顶面平行。这样就能方便切屑流向后运动。夹具30的前部34与其底侧一起抵靠在切削刀片的中心凸台12a上。位于凸台12a和切削刃12c之间的切削刀片12的上表面具有外部平面的特征，其向内朝着切削刀片过渡成一个向上朝着作为分屑沟的肩部12d逐步变圆的凹部。但是，从图7可看出，切削刀片中从切削刃12c直至凸台12a的这一部分应该与夹具30完全不形成表面接触。由于切削刀片12已经形成有一个中心凸台12a，因此就有可能使孔13的深度向上延伸相当于切削刀片厚度40-60％的一段距离，而不会对切削刀片产生负面影响，甚至在切削材料由纯陶瓷或复合陶瓷材料制成的情况下也同样如此。在这种情况下，凸台12a的高度h应该选择成相当于切削刀片厚度(t)的15-40％、最好是20-30％。
根据该实施例，夹具30前部的底侧，如图8所示，被成型为略微弯曲或者由彼此成1-4°左右角度的若干平面部分35、36、37组成。角度V1和V2最好相等，约为2°。这样，平面接触就会限制到一个更远的平面部分37，而夹具部分34的底侧以及凸台表面12a整体相关的绝对平整的要求以及紧公差的维持也就不再十分重要了。
用来与固定器10接触的夹具30后部38具有一个平整底面39，用于以平面方式抵靠固定器10的一个相应平面40。该平面40应该与上部切削凸台12a平行。同时，夹具30的底侧应该具有一个平滑的圆形过渡表面41，该表面向前变成一个平面42，该前部42用来抵靠切削凸台12a。

Claims (5)

1.一种切削刀具，包括一个刀片固定器(10)和一个具有孔(13)的切削刀片(12)，该刀片设置成抵靠在刀片固定器前部的一个刀座中的基部表面(15)，一个大致为L形的支承销(18)被接纳在刀片固定器中并被设置成：可利用其一个臂被收纳在切削刀片的孔(13)中，而另一个臂(22)被一个压力产生元件(19)所驱动，在束紧压力元件时，该切削刀片向下抵靠着基部表面(15)被夹紧，其特征在于，
a)切削刀片中的孔(13)是一个盲孔，
b)基本垂直于收纳在孔(13)内的臂的第二臂的端部形成有两个楔形端部(22a，22b)，在该两个楔形端部之间形成有一个V型空腔(23)，该空腔被设置成可部分包围住一个比元件(19)其它部分要软的腰部(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其特征在于，切削刀片(12)中孔(13)的延伸长度相当于切削刀片(12)厚度(t)的40-60％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的切削刀具，其特征在于，切削刀片(12)中心凸台(12a)的高度(h)相当于切削刀片厚度(t)的15-40％、最好是20-30％。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的切削刀具，其特征在于，楔形端部(22a，22b)的上端表面(26)具有一个用来与元件(19)相配合的倾斜的平面轮廓，以便在装夹过程中与元件(19)腰部(24)的相应倾斜表面(25)形成接合。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一所述的切削刀具，其特征在于，夹具(30)前部的底侧是由彼此成1-4°角度的若干平面部分(35，36，37)组成，其中一个部分(37)与切削凸台(12a)形成平面接触。
CNB018080057A 2000-04-14 2001-04-09 用于具有盲孔和l形锁销的刀片的锁销系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1175952C (zh)

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CN103269818A (zh) * 2010-10-05 2013-08-28 伊斯卡有限公司 用于在刀夹中夹紧切削刀片，具有独立地弹性夹紧指状物的夹紧设备
CN103370155A (zh) * 2011-02-21 2013-10-23 伊斯卡有限公司 具有其夹持凹部的切削工具和切削刀片
CN106536099A (zh) * 2014-07-23 2017-03-22 伊斯卡有限公司 具有销夹紧机构的车削及端面切槽工具
CN108501051A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-09-07 浙江工贸职业技术学院 一种圆压圆切刀
CN109311098A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2019-02-05 伊斯卡有限公司 切削工具和具有深盲孔的切削刀具

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CN103269818B (zh) * 2010-10-05 2015-10-21 伊斯卡有限公司 用于在刀夹中夹紧切削刀片,具有独立弹性的夹紧指状物的夹紧设备
CN103370155A (zh) * 2011-02-21 2013-10-23 伊斯卡有限公司 具有其夹持凹部的切削工具和切削刀片
CN103370155B (zh) * 2011-02-21 2016-10-19 伊斯卡有限公司 具有其夹持凹部的切削工具和切削刀片
CN103203508A (zh) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-17 发那科株式会社 电火花线切割机的线导向件的固定机构
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CN103203508B (zh) * 2012-01-17 2015-08-12 发那科株式会社 电火花线切割机的线导向件的固定机构
CN106536099A (zh) * 2014-07-23 2017-03-22 伊斯卡有限公司 具有销夹紧机构的车削及端面切槽工具
CN106536099B (zh) * 2014-07-23 2019-07-05 伊斯卡有限公司 具有销夹紧机构的车削及端面切槽工具
CN109311098A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2019-02-05 伊斯卡有限公司 切削工具和具有深盲孔的切削刀具
CN109311098B (zh) * 2016-06-20 2021-02-09 伊斯卡有限公司 切削工具和具有深盲孔的切削刀具
CN108501051A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-09-07 浙江工贸职业技术学院 一种圆压圆切刀

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SE0001418L (sv) 2001-10-15
KR100760318B1 (ko) 2007-09-20
JP2003531019A (ja) 2003-10-21
PL196747B1 (pl) 2008-01-31
US7063488B2 (en) 2006-06-20
WO2001078927A1 (en) 2001-10-25
CN1175952C (zh) 2004-11-17
EP1274530A1 (en) 2003-01-15
US20040101373A1 (en) 2004-05-27
JP4782352B2 (ja) 2011-09-28
SE515973C2 (sv) 2001-11-05
DE60126258D1 (de) 2007-03-15
SE0001418D0 (sv) 2000-04-14
DE60126258T2 (de) 2007-10-11
ATE352387T1 (de) 2007-02-15
EP1274530B1 (en) 2007-01-24
PL357810A1 (en) 2004-07-26

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