CN1416499A - Method and appts. for stimulation of multiple formation intervals - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an apparatus and method for perforating and treating multiple intervals of one or more subterranean formations (86) intersected by a wellbore by deploying a bottom-hole assembly having a perforating device (134) and at least one sealing mechanism (120) within said wellbore. The perforating device (134) is used to perforate the first interval to be treated. Then the bottom-hole assembly is positioned within the wellbore such that the sealing mechanism (120), when actuated, establishes a hydraulic seal in the wellbore to positively force fluid to enter the perforations (230, 231) corresponding to the first interval to be treated. A treating fluid is then pumped down the wellbore and into the perforations (230, 231) created in the perforated interval. The sealing mechanism (120) is released, and the steps are then repeated for as many intervals as desired, without removing the bottom hole assembly from said wellbore.

Description

The volume increase method and apparatus that is used for many stratigraphic intervals

Invention field

Present invention relates in general to subsurface formations is carried out perforation and handles to increase the field of oil and gas production.Particularly, the invention provides a kind of apparatus and method that are used for many stratigraphic intervals are carried out perforation and processing, need not to handle between the level dismounting equipment from the pit shaft in each step or each.

Background of invention

Thereby do not have enough fluid abilities with the flow of economy or when flowing on the ground when the underground reservoir of hydrocarbonaceous does not have enough permeability or hydrocarbon, adopt fluid power pressure break or chemical increasing production (logical common acid) method to improve fluid ability usually with iptimum speed.The pit shaft that passes subsurface formations is made of the metal tube (sleeve pipe) that the water mudding is contained in the original boring usually.Also be provided with hole (perforation) passing the cement sheath of sleeve pipe and annular sleeve, thereby make hydrocarbon stream go into pit shaft, and if necessary, treatment fluid is flow to the stratum from pit shaft.

The fluid power fracturing operation comprises fluid (normally the non-Newtonian gel body or the emulsion of the shear thinning of thickness) is injected the stratum under high pressure and two-forty, make reservoir rock break and form the normally vertical crack (perhaps fracture network) on plane, resemble and when chock is knocked in the log, pass the crack of extending in the wood.Granular proppant material, for example sand, pottery grain or other materials are injected along with the back part of fracturing fluid usually, open wide to keep the crack behind release pressure.The liquid stream ability that increases in the oil reservoirs is that the path of the easy circulation that stays between the particle by the proppant material in the crack obtains.In chemical increasing production was handled, liquid stream ability was to improve by material in the dissolving stratum or change formation characteristics.

Use above-mentioned fluid power fracturing process and be the conventional steps that is applied to the petroleum industry operation in each target area that the total vertical thickness in stratum is approximately 60 meters (200 feet).When existing multilayer or stacked oil reservoirs need be by the fluid power pressure break time, when perhaps running into very thick hydrocarbon containing formation (above about 60 meters), adopt other treatment technology that whole target area is handled with regard to needing.In the petroleum industry term, the method that improves effective process range is considered to water conservancy diversion (diversion) usually " method.

When a plurality of hydrocarbon realms being carried out stimulation treatment by fluid power pressure break or chemical increasing production processing, can obtain economical and technical income by injecting multi-batch processing level fluid, these handle the level fluid can be by multiple device water conservancy diversion (or isolation), comprise mechanical device, for example bridging plug, packer, downhole valve, sliding sleeve and deflector/stopper composition; Ball sealer; Particle, for example sand, ceramic materials, proppant, salt, cured, resin or other compounds; Perhaps by alternative fluid system, for example fluid of viscous fluid, gel fluid, foam or other chemical formulations; Perhaps use the method that enters (limited entry) that limits.Here, these and every other be used for temporarily stopping liquid flow to into and the method and apparatus that flows out given group perforation all be called as " permeable medium (diversion agent) " in this article.

In mechanical type bridging plug water conservancy diversion, for example, at first the darkest interval is carried out perforation and fracturing yield increasing, with the bridging plug of cable setting isolate that interval usually, and the interval above the next one repeats treatment process then.Suppose to have ten target perforated zones, in this manner, the stratum of handling 300 meters (1,000 feet) needs 10 subjobs usually, and through 10 days time periods to 2 weeks, this not only needed repeatedly frac treatment, also will carry out repeatedly perforation and bridging plug move operation.In the ending of processing procedure, also need pit shaft is carried out cleaning, to remove bridging plug and oil well is put into production.Adopt the major advantage of bridging plug or other mechanical permeable mediums to be: to have the very high confidence level of having handled the target complete zone.Major defect is to make disposal cost very high owing to repeatedly going into the well and going out well, and owing to carry out so multioperation in well, brings the risk of complex process.For example, bridging plug may be stuck in the sleeve pipe, needs expensive that its brill is broken.Another shortcoming is that required cleaning operation may damage some interval of pressure break.

A kind of alternative form that uses bridging plug is with corresponding to the partially filled fracturing sand of oil well of the interval of pressure break just, is commonly referred to pine tree island (the Pine Island) technology.Clogged the interval of pressure break on the sand base for post basis in the oil well, and can carry out independently perforation and pressure break next interval.The major advantage of this method is to have eliminated problem that bridging plug brought and danger.Shortcoming is that the sand plug can not form perfect liquid seal, and removes the sand plug when being difficult in all fracturing yield increasing EOs from pit shaft.From well, carry out sand unless the produced fluid of oil well is very powerful, otherwise still need to adopt workover rig or flexible pipe device to clean.As mentioned above, the Fu Jia well operations risk that increased expense, increased mechanical risk and damaged fractured interval.

Another kind of method of river diversion comprises the employing granular material, places treatment fluid to help water conservancy diversion solid particle.When pumping fluid, particle also enters perforation, if adopted enough highdensity particle in liquid stream, then can form temporary transient obstruction in receiving the zone of fluid.This flow restriction will make fluid flow guiding arrive other zones.After processing finishes, come eliminating particle, both can also can remove by the fluid transmission by dissolving with the formation fluid that produces or by injecting cleaning fluid.Usually, available particle water conservancy diversion material comprises benzoic acid, naphthalene, rock salt (sodium chloride), resin material, wax and polymer.Form also can use sand, proppant and ceramic materials as particle water conservancy diversion material as an alternative.Other special particles also can be designed to precipitation and moulding in processing procedure.

Another kind of method of river diversion comprises adopts viscous fluid, viscous gel body or foam to be used as permeable medium.This method comprises pumping water conservancy diversion fluid and makes it to pass and/or enter the perforated zone.These liquid fluid systems are configured to temporarily to hinder liquid stream because viscosity effect or stratum relative permeability reduce and flow in the perforation; Can also be designed on the time of expectation, fluid system breaks, the form of weak or dissolving (adopt or do not adopt additional chemical substance or other additives start this break or dissolve), makes that liquid stream can recover to flow to perforation or flow out from perforation.These liquid fluid systems can be used for the water conservancy diversion operation of processing of basement rock chemical increasing production and frac treatment.Sometimes also particle water conservancy diversion material and/or ball sealer are added in these fluids to strengthen the water conservancy diversion effect.

Another kind of feasible technology is that restriction enters method of river diversion, wherein the form that becomes to have very a spot of perforation is all penetrated in the whole target area on the processed stratum of desire, usually the perforation diameter is very little, makes the pressure that strides across these perforations in pump period fall and can form very high inside wellbore pressure.The enough high so that all perforated zones of this inner wellbore pressure are pressure break simultaneously all.If pressure is too low, the weak part that then only is the stratum is by pressure break.The major advantage that restriction enters method of river diversion is can not have the obstruction of inside pipe casings such as similar bridging plug or sand, thereby can not produce contingency question because of them.Shortcoming is for very thick interval, restrictively enter fracturing process well operation usually, this is because final crack often too narrow (proppant can not fully be pumped in the narrow crack but be trapped in the pit shaft), and can not keep initial high well to press.When the sand material was pumped, the perforation diameter often was etched bigger size soon, thereby had reduced the interior well pressure.Final result be not all target areas all pass through the volume increase operated.The factor that need consider is in addition, because the perforation number is few, this has just limited the liquid stream ability that may flow in the pit shaft.

Above-mentioned by increasing production the problem that operation produces to whole zone, perhaps adopt to need repeatedly the mechanical means of wellbore operations and may produce more risk and problem that the pit shaft access method of Geng Duo expense is produced, can by adopt by the ball sealer water conservancy diversion limited, concentrate the perforated zone to be reduced.The processed zone of desire can be divided into the subarea, and perforation is positioned at about middle part in each subarea in those subareas, perhaps base area layer analysis and the subarea is chosen as desired destination pressure break position.Then at the end of each grade ball sealer water conservancy diversion, and pumping pressure break level fluid.Particularly, the stratum of gross thickness 300 meters (1,000 feet) can be divided into 10 subareas of every layer about 30 meters (about 100 feet).Central authorities in the subarea of each 30 meters (100 feet) can penetrate 10 perforations with the density (1 point/foot) of every meter 3 points on sleeve pipe.Inject the pressure break level by pumping with the fluid that contains proppant then, following that described what contain proppant fluid is 10 or more ball sealer, each the unlimited perforation in an independent perforation set or the interval has a ball sealer at least.Can repeat said process, up to all perforation set pressure break all.This system has carried out describing in more detail in the United States Patent (USP) 5,890,536 of promulgation on April 6th, 1999.

In the past, the All Ranges that will handle in adopting the operations specific of ball sealer as diverting agent must carry out perforation before the pumping handling of fluids, and adopted ball sealer with treatment fluid from the regional water conservancy diversion of pressure break, perhaps from directing into zone discharging the zone that ball sealer had maximum liquid stream in the past with little liquid stream or aneroid stream.Be to come one in a zone to handle regionally and seal in theory, be located in prematurely in the one or more unlimited perforation outside the target interval and make the problem that has two or more zones to be handled simultaneously but run into ball through regular meeting according to relative frac pressure or permeability.In addition, these technology suppose that all can break in each perforated zone or subarea and pressure break makes each processing level fluid only enter one group of perforation under enough pressure reduction.

The major advantage that ball sealer is sought the stream method is that expense is low and the risk generation mechanical problem is little.Expense is low to be because this technology is finished in a continuous operating process usually, only finishes in the several hrs in a day usually.Have only ball sealer to stay in the pit shaft, ball sealer or go out with the hydrocarbon stream that produces perhaps falls in the zone that is called as mouse (waste material) hole in shaft bottom.Major defect is to guarantee to have only one group of perforation to be had the ball sealer of correct number to fall by pressure break so that handle a level end at every turn at every turn.In fact, the great advantage of this technology depends on that a pressure break level fluid only enters the stratum by one group of perforation, and still maintenance is unaffected basically in the level and other perforations that open wide are handled at this.Another shortcoming is to guarantee that perforated zones all when carrying out operation can both be through handling and these intervals of processed in sequence.When the order of handling when the zone is the unknown or not controlled, just can not guarantee that each individual region is all handled, perhaps can not guarantee to design independent stimulation treatment level optimum for the target area.In some cases, may uncontrollable processing operate so that each processing region is processed in single processing level.

May occur in the problem in the stimulation treatment process when a plurality of zones being carried out the method for perforation in order to overcome before adopting the pumping treatment fluid, worked out alternative mechanical method of river diversion, this method comprises that employing flexible pipe volume increase system comes a plurality of intervals are carried out stimulation treatment with independent processing operation successively.Resemble traditional ball sealer method of river diversion, all processed intervals all before pumping stimulation treatment liquid, to carry out perforation.Then the flexible pipe quilt is following in pit shaft, and its end is equipped with a machinery " staddle packer type " water conservancy diversion instrument.This water conservancy diversion instrument, perforation is correctly placed and when starting, just formed fluid isolation in the above and below of water conservancy diversion instrument when striding across.Be placed and start with after isolating the darkest one group perforation at the water conservancy diversion instrument, along the downward pumping in the inside of flexible pipe, and the liquid head piece the water conservancy diversion instrument between the potted component of upper and lower is discharged with stimulation fluids.After finishing first order processing, being included in potted component on the water conservancy diversion instrument fails or breaks away from engagement, and flexible pipe is upwards drawn, with with the water conservancy diversion tool positioned on the position that strides across second group of perforation the darkest, and continue above-mentioned technology, until all target intervals all pass through stimulation treatment or owing to the operation not normal this technology of ending.

This flexible pipe increasing device and method have been used for the degree of depth is reached a plurality of zones of about 8,000 feet oil well and have carried out the fluid power frac treatment.But many technology barriers comprise that the potential corrosion of fricting resistance loss, the damage to seal, degree of depth control, mobile (running) speed and flexible pipe is all limiting its application in darker well now.

When during by long flexible pipe pumping stimulation fluids, producing excessive friction pressure, particularly all the more so for containing proppant and/or highly viscous fluid with two-forty.According to length and diameter, fluid viscosity and the maximum admissible ground installation operational pressure of flexible pipe, pump rate can be limited in only several barrels of per minutes; According to the characteristic of sub-surface specifically, this can not form effective proppant and settle during the fluid power frac treatment, perhaps can not form effective earth formation material and dissolve during sour stimulation treatment.

When the fluid that contains proppant with at a high speed along the inside downward pumping of flexible pipe the time, the corrosion of flexible pipe also is a problem, comprises the flexible pipe part that still is wound on the spool of ground.When the fluid impact that contains proppant was on " continuous bend (continuous bend) " part corresponding with the flexible pipe part on the spool of ground, the influence of corrosion was more serious.

Most of potted components (for example " cup-shaped " Sealing Technology) for being used at present in the above-mentioned flexible pipe volume increase operation when moving through a large amount of perforation under their higher well temperature at deep-well, also may produce sealing problem or seal failure in deep-well.Because seal is contacting with tube wall or only staying under the very closely spaced situation and move, so coarse pipe internal surface and/or perforation burr can damage potted component.The existing seal that adopts in staddle packer type water conservancy diversion instrument is made by elastomeric material, and this elastomeric material possibly can't bear the high temperature that often occurs in the deep-well.

Have cup seal known system translational speed normally: move down along well bore that promptly to be lowered to be 15 to 30 feet per minute clocks, moving up along well bore, promptly to take out be 30 to 60 feet per minute clocks.For example, under lower translational speed, before volume increase operation beginning, approximately need 13 hours ability to arrive 12,000 feet the degree of depth.Consider the safety of night time operation, this slower translational speed may make finished stimulation work needs many days.If in this operation, run into any problem, because very slow translational speed will make total operating time very long, so be very expensive with in well or from well, taking out under the instrument.

Degree of depth control to flexible pipe system and separate type packing type water conservancy diversion instrument is also more difficult along with the increase of the degree of depth, makes tool positioned is operated the difficulty that becomes to the correct degree of depth successfully to implement volume increase.Become more serious owing to carried out this problem of perforation before in flexible pipe system lower going-into-well.Perforating application has adopted different depth survey equipment (normally casing collar locator (CCL)), rather than the equipment that uses in the flexible pipe system usually.

In addition, above-mentioned flexible pipe method also need all make all perforations in pit shaft in independent perforating application before the operation of pumping stimulation fluids.Because exist a plurality of unlimited perforation set above the water conservancy diversion instrument, this has just produced operating difficulties.For example, if from growing vertically upward and/or relatively poor in the proppant crack of current region at the cement quality of pipeline back, then the crack can be intersected with the perforation set of water conservancy diversion instrument top and be run through, and makes " to come down in torrents " in the pit shaft that goes back to water conservancy diversion instrument top proppant meeting also the prevention instrument is moved further.In addition, if above the water conservancy diversion instrument, there are a plurality of perforation set to open wide, then be difficult to implement the circulation operation.For example, if circulation pressure surpasses the cracking pressure of the perforation that opens wide above the water conservancy diversion instrument, circulation just can not be held, and the circulation fluid can unexpectedly be lost in the stratum.

Oil pipe (jointed tubing) that the employing joint connects and workover rig rather than flexible pipe system also can implement the stimulation treatment of same type.Employing the water conservancy diversion instrument on the oil pipe that joint connects of being arranged in can make reduce friction drag losses and improve pump rate of major diameter oil pipe.In addition, system compares with flexible pipe, owing to adopted the connection oil pipe of heavier wall thickness, and when in pit shaft when mobile, the oil pipe that joint connects plastic strain can not take place, so can reduce corroding and the worry of oil pipe globality aspect.But, adopt this method may increase the time and the expense of operation, this is because the oil pipe translational speed may be lower than flexible pipe speed.

In order to overcome owing to equipment repeatedly being taken out in pit shaft or from pit shaft down subsurface formations is carried out the restrictions that completion practice was brought such as perforation and volume increase operation, proposed a kind of the downhole tool string to be carried out the method that " single rountrip " arranged, handling operation and combine with the zone being carried out fracturing yield increasing with perforating application.Especially, these methods have proposed to reduce the number of times of required wellbore operations and have finished the method for operating that these operate required times, thereby have reduced the stimulation treatment expense.These measures comprise: 1), when carrying out perforation under overbalance pressure sand mud is injected pit shaft; From sludge barrel, topple over sand when 2) launching perforating bullet; And 3) sand is installed in the container of independent blast release.These measures all only can form a spot of crack that penetrates around pit shaft, be unsuitable for multistage fluid power pressure break needs described here.

Therefore, need provide a kind of improved method and apparatus, be used for individually each interval of a plurality of intervals on the stratum that penetrated by pit shaft is handled, keep the economic effect of multistep treatment simultaneously.Also need to provide a kind of method and apparatus, they can reduce intrinsic risk in the existing stimulation treatment operation, the operation of described stimulation treatment is to be used to have the hydrocarbon containing formation of multilayer or stacked oil reservoirs or stratum that thickness surpasses about 60 meters (200 feet), said method and device can guarantee simultaneously that implementing best treatment fluid filling by mechanical permeable medium distributes, and described mechanical permeable medium can will be directed to the position of expectation with handling level fluid forward.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the apparatus and method that a kind of a plurality of intervals that are used for one or more subsurface formations of intersecting with pit shaft carry out perforation and processing.

This device (for example comprises arrangement apparatus (deployment means), flexible pipe, the oil pipe that connects, electric wire, cable, downhole tractor etc.), this arrangement apparatus has downhole tool combination (bottom hole assembly) (" BHA "), the combination of described downhole tool is made of a perforating system and the mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset at least, and described sealing device can pass through one or more recoil simulators (for example, signal of telecommunication by cable transmission; Hydraulic pressure signal by oil pipe, annular space, control umbilical transmission; Stretch or compressive load; Wireless radio transmission; Optical Fiber Transmission; Plate carries BHA computer system etc.) and handled individually.

This method comprises and adopts arrangement apparatus that BHA is arranged on step in the pit shaft that wherein arrangement apparatus can be tubing string, cable or downhole tractor.Perforating system is positioned near will be by the interval of perforation, and is used for this interval perforation.Adopt arrangement apparatus to make BHA be arranged in pit shaft, and start sealing device setting up liquid seal, thereby guide forcibly, make it to enter the perforated zone along the fluid of the downward pumping of pit shaft.Discharge sealing device.Then, can at least one other interval of one or more subsurface formations, repeat this process, and needn't from pit shaft, take out BHA.

Arrangement apparatus can be a tubing string, comprises that the joint of flexible pipe system or standard connects oil pipe, cable, steel wire or cable.Except oil pipe or cable arrangement apparatus, this arrangement apparatus can also be mounted in the trailer system on the BHA.Trailer system can be self-driven, computer-controlled, and has plate and carry (on-board) signal system, makes it cable or oil pipe needn't be installed with control or start BHA and/or trailer system.Form as an alternative, trailer system can and start by cable or the control of oil pipe control umbilical, and this trailer system and BHA are the signal controlling that transmits to the shaft bottom by adopting control umbilical and startup.According to the particular element of suspension and BHA, the present invention can adopt many different embodiment.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, when arrangement apparatus is tubing string, in case an interval by perforation, then BHA just can be moved and make sealing device to start, thereby sets up liquid seal below the interval of perforation.Then can be with treatment fluid along the downward pumping of annular space between tubing string and the pit shaft and make it flow into the interval of perforation.And second treatment fluid, nitrogen for example also can be at first treatment fluid by in the downward pumping of annular space between tubing string and pit shaft, by along the downward pumping of tubing string.

In a second embodiment, when arrangement apparatus is tubing string, in case an interval by perforation, then BHA just can be moved and make sealing device to start, thereby sets up the liquid bulk sealing above the interval of perforation.Then can be with treatment fluid along to the downward pumping of tubing string and make it flow into the interval of perforation.

In the 3rd embodiment, when arrangement apparatus is tubing string, BHA can be moved and make sealing device to be activated, thereby sets up liquid seal in the above and below of the interval of perforation (wherein sealing device separate enough distances by two form to stride across the element of the interval of perforation).In the 3rd embodiment, treatment fluid can be along tubing string pumping downwards itself, by the liquid head piece between two potted components of sealing device and flow into the interval of perforation.

In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, when adopting cable, steel wire or cable to be arranged in BHA in the pit shaft, BHA just can be moved and sealing device is activated, thereby set up liquid seal below the interval of wanting processed perforation, treatment fluid will be by along the downward pumping of annular space between cable, steel wire or cable and the pit shaft.

In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, " control umbilical " is arranged as attachment device and starts the BHA element.On the widest meaning, control umbilical can be taked the form of minor diameter tubing or many pipelines, so that the hydraulic communication with the BHA element to be provided; And/or control umbilical also can take the form of cable or many cables, is communicated with to provide with the electricity or the photoelectricity of BHA element.

In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, when arrangement apparatus was mounted in trailer system on the BHA, BHA can be moved and sealing device can be activated, thereby set up liquid seal below the interval of perforation.Treatment fluid can be by along the downward pumping of pit shaft and flow into the interval of perforation.

In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, adopted polishing fluid to spray cutting technique and come perforation, and BHA hangs by oil pipe, make BHA to be moved and to make sealing device to be activated, thereby below the interval of perforation, set up liquid seal.The treatment fluid quilt is along the downward pumping of annular space between oil pipe and the pit shaft then.

A major advantage of this apparatus and method is BHA, comprise sealing device and perforating system, all needn't be before handling with treatment fluid and a plurality of subterranean formation zones or interval handled between from pit shaft, be removed.Another major advantage of this apparatus and method is all to adopt mechanical permeable medium that each is handled the level fluid to carry out water conservancy diversion, and this just can accurately control handling the water conservancy diversion process, and makes each zone be subjected to best stimulation treatment.The result carries out the time of perforation and stimulation treatment and has obviously saved expense a plurality of intervals in the pit shaft by reducing.In addition, when a plurality of stratigraphic intervals in the pit shaft are carried out stimulation treatment, owing to the water conservancy diversion that has adopted mechanical permeable medium to form accurate control is handled, so improved output.Like this, compare with device with existent method, because the downhole tool combination provides the dual-use function as mechanical permeable medium and perforating system, so the inventive method and device only to need to allow separately once the downhole tool combination be lowered to pit shaft and follow-up operation of taking out from pit shaft just can be carried out perforation and stimulation treatment to a plurality of zones, thereby the inventive method and device have significant advantage economically.

Accompanying drawing is briefly described

With reference to following detailed and accompanying drawing, will understand the present invention and advantage thereof better, wherein:

Fig. 1 has represented a kind of possible representative pit shaft structure, and its ancillary equipment can be used for supporting downhole tool combination used in the present invention.Fig. 1 has also represented the storage pit shaft of representative downhole tool combination, and it has the ground slips, and these store pit shaft and can be used for storing those standby or emergent downhole tool combinations.

Fig. 2 A has represented first embodiment of downhole tool combination, use flexible pipe that it is arranged in the pit shaft of perforation not, and it is positioned at the depth location that will carry out perforation with the perforating bullet of the first group selection emission.Fig. 2 A has also represented by perforating system, inflatable and downhole tool that the packer that can reset, the axial slip system that can reset and annex constitute combination.

Fig. 2 B has represented downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 2 A after the perforating bullet of the first group selection emission is launched, described emission has caused perforation to pass production casing and cement sheath and has entered first subterranean formation zone, makes between the pit shaft and first subterranean formation zone and has set up fluid connection.

Fig. 2 C has represented to reorientate and handle with the first order of multistage hydraulic proppant frac treatment downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 2 B of operation after first subterranean formation zone is carried out stimulation treatment when downhole tool combination, and wherein the wellbore annulus that is present between flexible pipe and the production casing of the first order of frac treatment edge is pumped in the shaft bottom.In Fig. 2 C, sealing device is expressed as and is in the position that does not start, and for illustrated purpose, supposes except those perforations relevant with the first area not have other perforations, therefore, isolation need be set in order to handle the first area.

Fig. 3 A represented when downhole tool combination reorientate and the perforating bullet emission of the second group selection emission after Fig. 2 C shown in downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and pit shaft, described emission has caused perforation to pass production casing and cement sheath and has entered second subterranean formation zone, makes between the pit shaft and second subterranean formation zone and has set up fluid connection.

Fig. 3 B has represented downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 3 A after enough distances below downhole tool makes up the darkest perforation that is repositioned at second perforation set, described location makes BHA can move up a little so that the axial slip system that can be reset to be set, and the position that keeps circulation port simultaneously is below the bottommost perforation of second perforation set.

Fig. 3 C has represented downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 3 B after the mechanical type slip system that can reset starts, can prevent downward moving after the described startup, to guarantee inflatable and the packer that can reset and the mechanical type slip system that can reset can be positioned between first area perforation and the second area perforation.

Fig. 3 D has represented downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 3 C after inflatable and the packer that can reset start, a kind of stopping be can form after the described startup, pit shaft part directly over inflatable and the packer that can reset and the liquid flow between the pit shaft part under inflatable and the packer that can reset promptly stoped.

Fig. 3 E has represented to handle operation by downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 3 D after the stimulation treatment when second subterranean formation zone by the second level of multistage hydraulic proppant frac treatment, and wherein the second level fluid of frac treatment is pumped in the wellbore annulus that is present in the shaft bottom between flexible pipe and the production casing.

Fig. 3 F has represented downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 3 E after packer inflatable and that can reset fails, and described failing can form pressure communication once more between the pit shaft part under the pit shaft part directly over inflatable and the packer that can reset and inflatable and the packer that can reset.The mechanical type slip system that can reset still powers up work and continues to prevent flexible pipe and downhole tool combination is moved to the pit shaft below.

Fig. 4 A has represented a kind of improved downhole tool combination, it is similar to Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 C and the described downhole tool combination of Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 F, just increased an available selectivity emission bullet mechanical type stopper that system is provided with is set, it is positioned at the below of a string perforating gun.Fig. 4 A has also represented flexible pipe and the pit shaft shown in Fig. 3 F after the 3rd additional perforation and fracturing yield increasing operation have been carried out.In Fig. 4 A, should be noted that only to have shown the second and the 3rd pressure break and perforation set.Hung by flexible pipe in the improved downhole tool combination shown in Fig. 4 A, make bridging plug be positioned at last top and next below of wanting the perforated zone of perforated zone.

Fig. 4 B represented when the mechanical type stopper be set in the oil well in the mode of selectivity emission bullet setting and when the downhole tool combination locate once more and the perforating bullet of the first group selection emission Fig. 4 A after having launched shown in downhole tool combination, flexible pipe and pit shaft, aforesaid operations can cause perforation to pass production casing and cement sheath and enter the 4th subterranean formation zone, makes between pit shaft and the 4th subterranean formation zone and has set up fluid connection.

Fig. 5 has represented the second embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, suspension arrangement is a tubing string, in case and interval by perforation, BHA also is activated to form liquid seal above perforated zone with regard to removable, sealing device.Then, treatment fluid can be pumped down and enters perforated zone along tubing string.

Fig. 6 has represented the third embodiment of the present invention.Suspension arrangement is a tubing string, and BHA can move, sealing device also can be activated to form liquid seal (wherein sealing device separate enough distances by two constitute with the potted component that strides across the perforated zone) above or below perforated zone.In the 3rd embodiment, the flow ports that treatment fluid can be by between two potted components of sealing device and along the downward pumping of tubing string itself, and enter perforated zone.

Fig. 7 has represented the fourth embodiment of the present invention.Adopt cable (or steel wire or cable) that BHA is suspended in the pit shaft.BHA will be moved and sealing device be activated with want processed perforated zone below form liquid seal, treatment fluid will be by along the downward pumping of annular space between cable, steel wire or cable and the pit shaft.

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B have represented the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and it has adopted a control umbilical pipeline, are used to start the sealing mechanism that can reset, and this control umbilical pipeline is arranged on the inside as the oil pipe of arrangement apparatus.

Fig. 9 has represented the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and it has adopted a draw-gear that is installed on the BHA, makes BHA to be moved and sealing device can be activated to form liquid seal below perforated zone.Treatment fluid can be by along the downward pumping of pit shaft and enter perforated zone.

Figure 10 has represented the seventh embodiment of the present invention, and it has adopted the grinding or the corrosive fluid that are used for perforating system to spray cutting technique.The oil pipe that adopt to connect and BHA is suspended in the pit shaft, BHA are ground by the packer of resetting of a mechanical compress deformation, one or corrosive fluid jet perforating device, mechanical casing collar locator and annex are formed.In this embodiment, form perforation by following method: polishing fluid is pumped down and spraycan on being arranged in BHA sprays along the oil pipe that connects so that the grinding of high-voltage high-speed or corrosive fluid jet be formed and be used to penetrate wear production casing and cement sheath on every side with the stratigraphic interval of expecting in set up fluid connection.The packer that can reset be arranged on the zone that will carry out stimulation treatment below after, can be with the stimulation treatment agent along the downward pumping of annular space between tubing string and production casing string.

Detailed description of the present invention

Present invention is described with reference to preferred embodiment below.But, for the following description that these carry out at specific embodiment or special application of the present invention especially, only be schematically, do not constitute limitation of the scope of the invention.On the contrary, this manual is intended to cover replacement, improvement and the equivalents in all the spirit and scope of the present invention that fall into the qualification of this paper claims.

The invention provides a kind of new method, new system and new device, be used for a plurality of stratigraphic intervals are carried out perforation and stimulation treatment, make each individual region all be subjected to the processing of single processing level, eliminate simultaneously or reduce existing flexible pipe or connect the existing problem of oil pipe (jointedtubing) stimulation treatment method, and economy and the technical benefits that obviously is better than known method is provided thus.

Especially, the present invention includes with the downhole tool combined suspension in pit shaft with perforation one by one and sequentially and handle each zone in a plurality of zones of expectation, simultaneously with multistage stimulation treatment agent pumping, and the mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset is set so that each independent processing level fluid can controlled water conservancy diversion.For the purpose of this application, " pit shaft " is construed as underground potted component and all ground seal arrangement, for example well head, short tube, preventer and the lubricator that comprises oil well.

New device comprises that arrangement apparatus (for example, flexible pipe, the oil pipe that connects, electric wire, cable, trailer system etc.), this arrangement apparatus has the downhole tool combination, the combination of described downhole tool is made of a perforating system and the mechanical sealing device that can reset at least, described sealing device can be individually by ground installation by one or more recoil simulators (for example, signal of telecommunication by cable transmission; Hydraulic pressure signal by oil pipe, annular space, control umbilical transmission; Stretch or compressive load; Wireless radio transmission; Optical Fiber Transmission etc.) handled, and be designed to consider in advance wellbore environment and load-up condition.

On the widest meaning, term " downhole tool combination " is used to indicate a string element, and it is made of at least one perforating system and the sealing device that can reset.Additional element is including, but not limited to following element: fishing neck, shear joint, flushing tool, circulation port joint, flow ports joint, pressure equalizing mouth joint, thermometer, pressure gauge, cable connection joint, mechanical slips, casing collar locator (CCL), centralizer sub and/or the adapter connector that can reset, they can be arranged on also that the downhole tool combination is gone up so that the easier enforcement of measuring operation that other required auxilliary genus or auxiliary operation and may needing in the stimulation treatment process carried out.

On the widest meaning, the function that the mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset has to be provided " liquid seal (hydraulic seal) ", wherein liquid seal is defined as and forms enough liquid stream constraints or stop up, make fluid be forced to towards its position that will flow to when not being subjected to the constraint of liquid stream different positions flow.Especially, " liquid seal " of this broad sense definition also means and comprises: " perfectly liquid seal (perfect hydraulic seal) ", promptly all liquid stream all towards its position that will flow to when not being subjected to the constraint of liquid stream different positions flow; And " faulty liquid seal (imperfect hydraulic seal) ", promptly a part of estimable liquid flowing to be not subjected to liquid its position that will flow to of when constraint stream different position flow.Although preferably adopt usually and can form perfect liquid seal to obtain the mechanically-sealing apparatus of resetting of optimum stimulation treatment; But also can adopt the sealing device that faulty liquid seal only is provided, thereby obtain more economic processing, even may not can obtain perfect water conservancy diversion stimulation treatment.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, flexible pipe is used as arrangement apparatus, and new method comprise bottom from whole well completion interval to the top sequentially perforation then stimulation treatment is carried out in each zone, with stimulation fluids along the downward pumping of annular space between production casing and the flexible pipe.As discussed below, the embodiment of this new equipment and new method than known flexible pipe be connected the oil pipe yield-increasing technology substantial improvement arranged, and can be widely used in various shaft structures and the stimulation treatment design.

Especially, first preferred embodiment of new method and new equipment comprises arrangement system, recoil simulator, downhole tool combination and the following operation that will go through, wherein, only for purpose of description, various elements, their layout orientation and operating procedure all are selected as those and are used for being fit to the element of multi-section multi-layer hydraulic pressure proppant fracturing yield increasing and operating corresponding.

Be used for first embodiment that hydraulic pressure proppant fracturing yield increasing is handled, this device is made of the BHA that is arranged in the pit shaft by flexible pipe.This BHA can comprise a perforating system; The mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset; Casing collar locator (CCL); Circulation port; With other annexes (below will describe in detail).

In addition, in this first preferred embodiment, perforating system can be made of the perforating gun system (adopting the energy collecting type perforating bullet) of selectivity emission; The mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset can be made of packer inflatable and that can reset; After being provided with, the mechanical type slip system that can reset can prevent downward the moving axially of downhole tool combination; The pressure equalizing mouth be positioned at inflatable and the packer that can reset above or below.

In addition, in this first preferred embodiment, cable is set at the inside of flexible pipe, and is used to provide a recoil simulator, described recoil simulator is the perforating bullet that is used to start the selectivity emission, and the transmission of the signal of telecommunication relevant with the casing collar locator (CCL) that is used to measure the BHA degree of depth.

Referring now to Fig. 1,, the example that can be used for the ground installation type in first preferred embodiment can be a cover special equipment, and it has adopted very long lubricator 2, and flexible pipe injection head 4 is suspended on by boom 6 highlands that are installed on the crane pedestal 8 in the air.Pit shaft generally includes: the surface pipe 78 of certain-length, and it part or all is positioned at cement sheath 80; With a production casing 82, it part or all is positioned at cement sheath 84, and wherein the inwall of pit shaft is made of production casing 82.The degree of depth of pit shaft preferably extends to and will will be installed in the length of the downhole tool combination of flexible pipe 106 ends to hold by the below certain distance of the minimum interval of stimulation treatment.Use flexible pipe injection head 4 and lubricator 2 that flexible pipe 106 is inserted in the pit shaft.Preventer 10 also is installed on lubricator 2, and under the not normal situation of operation, preventer 10 can be by remote operation.Crane pedestal 8, boom 6, flexible pipe injection head 4, lubricator 2, preventer 10 (and relevant attached control and/or starting element) all are to well known to a person skilled in the art the standard device element, be applicable to for the flexible pipe downhole tool is installed in well under pressure safely and make up, and the follow-up method and the step of under pressure, from well, removing the combination of flexible pipe downhole tool.

According to this easy-to-install known device, the height from ground to the top of flexible pipe injection head 4 can be approximately 90 feet, and " gooseneck (goose neck) " 12 (wherein bending radius of flexible duct is to extend to oil well vertically downward) is above ground level near about 105 feet.Boom 6 and crane pedestal 8 will support the load of injection head 4, flexible pipe 106, and anyly desire to be used for the required load of possible salvaging operation (vibration and dilatory).

Usually, the length of lubricator 2 must be greater than the length of downhole tool combination, so that the downhole tool combination can be arranged in the pit shaft under pressure safely.Calculate determined accurate numerical value according to the total length requirement and according to the engineering design of carrying out for concrete application,, drag-line 14 can be installed on the diverse location of flexible pipe injection head 4 and lubricator 2 in order to make flexible pipe injection head 4 and lubricator 2 stable.Drag-line 14 grappling securely can not suffer damage with the globality of those ground components of preventing from 2 excessive the moving of flexible pipe injection head 4 and lubricator, make to be used to keep-up pressure on the ground.According to the total length requirement, also can adopt other injection head/lubricator system suspension (flexible pipe equipment or the completion/workover rig that adapts with purpose).

Refer again to Fig. 1, can adopt liquid stream and fluid isolation situation during a plurality of different well head taps come control appliance fitting operation, stimulation treatment operation and equipment disassembling section.Crown valve (crown valve) 16 has formed and has been used for and will be higher than the part and the partially isolated device that is lower than crown valve 16 of crown valve 16.The main pressure break valve 18 on top and the main pressure break valve 20 of bottom have formed and have been used for its wellbore pressure of the above and below of position valve system of isolating separately.According to the specific place way of reality and the design of stimulation work, in fact not all these isolated valves all are to be required or to adopt.

Side outlet injection valve 22 shown in Figure 1 provides the position of stimulation fluids being injected pit shaft.Can be installed in side outlet injection valve 22 with suitable fitting joint and/or connector from being used to inject the surface pump of stimulation treatment liquid and pipe that storage tank stretches out.Stimulation treatment liquid can be pumped in the pit shaft by this liquid flow path.By other suitable liquid flow control devices are installed, also can utilize side outlet injection valve 22 from the pit shaft produced fluid.The inside that should be noted that flexible pipe 106 also can be as the fluid pipe that fluid is injected pit shaft.

Downhole tool combination storage pit shaft 24 shown in Figure 1 provides and has been used for depositing standby or emergent downhole tool combination 27 or is used to leave in the already used downhole tool combined location of previous operation.The downhole tool combination stores pit shaft 24 can be drilled to the more shallow degree of depth, make the downhole tool combination that may comprise perforating bullet to be kept the location safely with ground slips 26, it is underground that perforating bullet is positioned at, when preparing the downhole tool aggregate erection to flexible pipe 106 till.Downhole tool combination stores pit shaft 24 and can be drilled to and can be suitable for placing with cement or without the form of the casing string of cement sealing, perhaps simply makes uncased form.The required downhole tool combination of specific operation stores the actual quantity of pit shaft 24 and determines according to the entire job needs.Downhole tool combination stores pit shaft 24 can be positioned at the scope that boom 6 can arrive, and with the downhole tool combination that is suitable for swapping out apace in volume increase operating period, and need not to make crane pedestal 8 bodies to be repositioned onto other positions.

Referring now to Fig. 2 A,, flexible pipe 106 is equipped with the flexible pipe connector 110 that can link to each other in conjunction with joint 112 with shearing-release (shear-release)/fishing neck, described joint 112 comprises shearing-relieving mechanism and fishing neck, and authorized pressure fluid and cable 102 pass.Shearing-release/fishing neck can be connected with the joint that comprises circulation port joint 114 in conjunction with joint 112, described circulation port joint 114 can provide from the circulation path of the top flushing landwaste of inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset, and the circulation path that adopts flexible pipe 106 to inject fluid to the down-hole perhaps is provided.Circulation port joint 114 comprises a valve gear, and this valve gear can be handled the balanced mouth 116 of circulation port 114 and top.Top can be connected to balanced mouthful 122 of bottom by packer 120 inflatable and that can reset by oil pipe for balanced mouthful 116.Preferably open on " mobile status (runningposition) " for balanced mouthful 116 on circulation port 114 and top, is communicated with thereby make between the flexible pipe pressure of inner flexible pipe pressure and sleeve pipe annular space side.In this article, " mobile status " refers to following state, i.e. all elements of downhole tool combination all have a kind of structure construction form, and this structure construction form can move axially it in the clear up and down in pit shaft.Be positioned at that the bottom of inflatable and packer 120 belows that can reset always opens for balanced mouthful 122, and the liquid stream by balanced mouthful is subjected to the control on balanced mouthful 116 on top.By apply slight press load on BHA, circulation port and balanced mouth can be closed simultaneously.In order to prevent that on mobile status contingent fluid can be applied to ground pressure on the flexible pipe 106 to the backflow of flexible pipe when circulation port 114 is opened, make pressure in the circulation port 114 surpass just in time wellbore pressure in circulation port 114 outsides.On mobile status, can reset and swellable packer 120 and inner flexible pipe pressure fluid power isolation.By apply slight press load on BHA, inflatable and packer 120 that can reset can be by inner valve and inner flexible pipe pressure communication.Axial location locking device mechanically activated, that can reset, perhaps " slips " 124 can be arranged on the below of inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset, moves to the down-hole preventing.By axial load is circulated in extruding with between stretching, mechanical slips 124 can pass through " continuous J (continuous J) " mechanism operating.Cable connection joint 126 is positioned at the top of the perforating gun system of casing collar locator (CCL) 128 and selectivity emission.Rifle jointing 130 is connected to casing collar locator (CCL) 128 on the selectivity emitting head 152.Perforating gun system can design according to dose known amounts, position and the thickness of the hydrocarbonaceous sandstone formation in the target area.Gun system can be each and wants processing region to comprise a gun apparatus (for example 134).First (minimum) gun apparatus can be made of a selectivity emitting head 132 and a rifle shell 134, and described rifle shell 134 will be mounted with perforating bullet 136 and selectivity emission fuzing system, armament.

The spy particularly, the embodiment of new method comprises the steps, wherein for purpose of description, stimulation work is chosen to a kind of multistage, hydraulic pressure, proppant fracturing yield increasing technology.

1. drilling well and pass the sleeve pipe of the interval of wanting completion with cemented if desired, can get out also that one or more downhole tool combinations store pit shafts and to its completion.

2. identify the target area in (passing through open hole and the combination of the well logging of cased borehole usually) well completion interval.

3. dose known amounts, position and the thickness according to the hydrocarbonaceous sandstone formation in the target area designs downhole tool combination (BHA) and will be arranged in each perforating gun device on the BHA of volume increase operating period use.

4. making a flexible pipe that is wound on the spool makes it have the BHA of above preferred embodiment.This volume flexible pipe is also made the form that comprises cable, and described cable is used to provide the recoil simulator that starts perforating gun.Preferably also make the standby or emergent BHA of the appropriate configuration that needs quantity, and it is stored in the downhole tool combination storage pit shaft.Can be before being installed to BHA on the flexible pipe or afterwards, to the pre-loaded fluid of flexible pipe.

5. as shown in Figure 1, the flexible pipe 106 times that will have a BHA by a lubricator 2 hangs flexible pipe injection heads 4 in well and with boom 6.

With under flexible pipe/BHA in well, simultaneously with respect to determining the degree of depth (Fig. 2 A) of BHA with the relation of casing collar locator (CCL) 128.

7. will flexible pipe/BHA down to the below of minimum target area, guaranteeing that enough mine shaft depths are arranged below minimum perforation, during the fracturing operation BHA is being positioned at below first group of perforation.Shown in Fig. 2 A, inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset and the mechanical handling slips 124 that can reset are in mobile status.

8. shown in Fig. 2 B, flexible pipe/BHA rises to a position in the pit shaft, make and first group of position that (minimum) perforating bullet 136 just in time is positioned at across minimum target area in first gun apparatus 134 be included in selectivity emission perforating gun system wherein can carry out accurate degree of depth control according to the reading of casing collar locator (CCL) 128 and flexible pipe mileage system (not shown).The action that BHA is moved upwards up to the position of first perforated zone will make the (not shown) circulation of mechanical slips " continuous J-shaped " mechanism enter pre-lock state, wherein follow-up descending motion will force the mechanical slips 124 that can reset to enter lock-out state, thereby prevent to continue to move downward.Should be noted that the flexible pipe axial load will make the mechanical slips that can reset turn back to mobile status from being expressed to the additional cycles that stretches and return.In this way, the continuous J-shaped mechanism of mechanical slips combines with extruding of transmitting by suspension arrangement (flexible pipe) and tensile load and is used to provide the shaft bottom startup of mechanical slips and the operation that fails.

9. first group of perforating bullet 136 be by being launched by selectivity by selecting the effect that the remote control of the cable 102 that emitting head 132 is communicated with starts with first, to pass sleeve pipe 82 and cement sheath 84 and to set up and the fluid connection on stratum 86 by the perforation 230-231 that produces.Should be understood that if desired, any given perforation set can only be the group in a hole, although common a plurality of perforation can provide improved treatment effect.It should also be understood that if desired the more than one part of gun apparatus can be launched, obtaining the perforation of destination number, no matter be compensation actual or perceptible sky penetrate situation, still only in order to increase the quantity of perforation.It should also be understood that interval need not be confined to single reservoir sandstone stratum.His permeable medium that employing is suitable for being arranged in simultaneously in the given processing level with the inventive method it can carry out perforation and processing as level separately to a plurality of sandstone formations.

10. shown in Fig. 2 C, flexible pipe can be moved and make circulation port 114 just in time be positioned the position of the darkest perforation 231 belows of this first area, reduce to minimum so that proppant is full of the possibility of inflatable and packer 120 tops that can reset, and make flow at high speed reduce to minimum through the proppant liquid stream of BHA.

11. by making a spot of fluid along flexible pipe 106 downward circulation process circulation ports 114 (passing through positive-displacement pump), the first order that fracturing yield increasing is handled begins to carry out.Begin to carry out pumping operation then to stimulation fluids (stimulation fluid), make stimulation fluids with fracturing yield increasing speed along the annular space between flexible pipe 106 and the production casing 82 to dirty.Along flexible pipe 106 defluent small volume of fluid is to be used to make keep normal pressure in the flexible pipe 106, and the fluid reflux that contains proppant with prevention is in flexible pipe 106, and flexible pipe is being subjected to load to stay sunken collapse during preventing fracturing operation.Should be noted that the alternative as preventing that flexible pipe from subsiding and collapsing also can adopt an inner valve structure that circulation port 114 is maintained in its closed position, and adopt surface pump that malleation is applied in the flexible pipe 106.As the illustrative example that is used for the frac treatment design of the lenticular sand volume increase of the 15-acre size that contains appropriate hydrocarbon gas, the first pressure break level can be made of following " sub level ": (a) the 2%KCl water of 5,000 gallons (gallon); (b) 2,000 gallons the cross-linked gel that comprises 1 pound/gallon proppant; (c) 3,000 gallons the cross-linked gel that comprises 2 pounds/gallon proppant; (d) 5,000 gallons the cross-linked gel that comprises 3 pounds/gallon proppant; (e) 3,000 gallons the cross-linked gel that comprises 4 pounds/gallon proppant so just makes 35,000 pounds proppant place the first area.

12. shown in Fig. 2 C, all sub levels of first fracturing operation all finish, and have set up the first proppant fracturing fracture 232.

13. at the first order end of stimulation treatment, if the proppant in the pit shaft has stoped flexible pipe/BHA to move immediately; Fluid can be by circulation by circulation port 11 ring flushings and removing proppant, to clean flexible pipe/BHA and to make it mobile.

14. as shown in Figure 3A, then flexible pipe/BHA is upwards lifted with a little higher than second the darkest target area along well bore, make the second group of perforating bullet 146 that is contained in the selectivity emission perforating gun system 144 be positioned at a little higher than second position of dark target area, wherein can carry out accurate degree of depth control once more according to the reading of casing collar locator (CCL) 128 and flexible pipe mileage system.The move up action of (until a little higher than second interval of wanting perforation) of BHA will make mechanical slips " continuous J-shaped " the mechanism circulation that can reset enter pre-lock state.Implementing the further circulation of extruding/tensile load will make the continuous J-shaped mechanism of mechanical slips turn back to mobile status.Then, flexible pipe/BHA moves downward, be positioned just in time across second position of dark target area being contained in second group of perforating bullet 146 in the selectivity emission perforating gun system 144, in described zone, can carry out accurate degree of depth control once more according to the reading of casing collar locator (CCL) 128 and flexible pipe mileage system.

15. second group of perforating bullet 136 launched by selectivity under the remote control startup effect through the second selectivity emitting head 142, to pass sleeve pipe 82 and cement sheath 84 and to pass through the perforation 240-241 foundation of generation and the fluid connection on stratum 86.

16. shown in Fig. 3 B, flexible pipe can be moved downwards along pit shaft, so that BHA is positioned several feet places of the darkest perforation 241 belows of second target area.Follow-up BHA will make circulation port 114 just in time be positioned the darkest perforation 241 belows of this second area along pit shaft moving upward, this will make mechanical slips 124 circulations that can reset enter pre-lock state, wherein follow-up descending motion will force the mechanical slips 124 that can reset to enter lock-out state, thereby prevent to continue to move downward.

17. shown in Fig. 3 C, downward motion makes the mechanical slips 124 and casing wall 82 engagements that can reset, thus prevent BHA continue move down.Then, apply compressive load to flexible pipe, this load will make circulation port 114 and top close for balanced mouthful 116, and build-up pressure is communicated with between inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset and inner flexible pipe pressure.Compressive load also locks onto circulation port 114 the just in time position of below of the darkest perforation 241 of second target area and (reduces to minimum so that proppant is full of the possibility of inflatable and packer 120 tops that can reset, and make the high-speed proppant liquid stream of the BHA that flows through minimum), and make and can reset and swellable packer 120 is positioned between first and second perforated zones.

18. flexible pipe/BHA is applied the mechanical slips 124 that compressive load can be reset with detection downwards again, and guarantees that additional downward power can not cause BHA to move along the downward continuation of pit shaft.

19. shown in Fig. 3 D, start packer 120 inflatable and that can reset by flexible pipe 106 is exerted pressure, form liquid seal with above and below at inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset.On BHA, keep compressive load, to keep the pressure communication between inner flexible pipe pressure and inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset, and keep circulation port 114 and top to close for balanced mouthful 116, and the mechanical slips 124 that keeps resetting is in locking and duty.By keep the pressure in the flexible pipe 106 by the surface pump system, inflatable and packer 120 that can reset remains on starting state and (should be noted that, form as an alternative, also can make packer 120 inflatable and that can reset remain on starting state by the pressure that adopts inner valve to pin in the element, described inner valve be carried out remote control by the recoil simulator compatible with other existing recoil simulators with other BHA elements from ground).

20. along with fracturing yield increasing speed with fluid along the downward pumping of annular space between flexible pipe 106 and the production casing 82, the second level that fracturing yield increasing is handled begins to carry out, keep simultaneously on the BHA compressive load so that circulation port 114 and top keep closing for balanced mouthful 116, and keep flexible pipe pressure to be in enough levels to prevent the coiled tubing string collapse of subsiding, and keep inflatable and the packer that can reset 120 expands and before fracturing operation, among and afterwards, the liquid seal between the seal shaft pressure of the pressure of the annular space of packer top and inflatable and the packer below that can reset.

21. after all fracturing operation sub levels all are pumped, in pit shaft, stayed the fluid that contains proppant of the minimum last sub level of owing to wash, too replaced fracturing yield increasing is not handled the crack.If in this processing level stage, the seal integrity of the packer 120 of thinking inflatable and can resetting is damaged, after can be in the blank pipe that packer 120 inflatable and that can reset is arranged on atresia, temporarily stop to handle level operation, to detect the seal integrity of packer in the top of the perforation that has existed (for example perforation 240 among Fig. 3 D) of the highest (the most shallow).Detect if carry out seal integrity, preferably carry out circulation/cleaning operation, guaranteeing before detecting, may be present in any proppant in pit shaft discharge pit shaft that all circulates.Circulation/cleaning operation can be by opening circulation port 114, pit shaft being discharged in the proppant circulation implement along flexible pipe 106 downward pumping circulation liquid then.

22. shown in Fig. 3 E, all sub levels of second fracturing operation all finish, and have set up the second proppant fracturing fracture 242.

23. after finishing second level fracturing operation and stopping to inject stimulation fluids downwards, apply little tensile load, keep inner flexible pipe pressure simultaneously to flexible pipe 106 along the annular space between flexible pipe 106 and the production casing 82.The little tensile load that applies is at first separated packer pressure and flexible pipe pressure inflatable and that can reset, thereby lock the pressure in inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset, thereby keep positive seal and give significant resistance stoping moving axially of inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset.Under same motion, the tensile load that applies can make circulation port 114 and balanced mouth 116 open, thereby make flexible pipe pressure leak into annular space between flexible pipe 106 and the production casing 82, the pressure of inflatable and packer 120 above and belows that can reset is equated.After the down-hole pressure equilibrium, provide the surface pump system of inner flexible pipe pressure to shut down.

24. when the pressure in the flexible pipe, be arranged in the pressure of the annular space that packer 120 tops inflatable and that can reset form by flexible pipe 106 and production casing 82, the pressure that is arranged in the annular space that packer 120 belows inflatable and that can reset form by BHA and production casing 82 and all equate after, be enclosed in pressure in inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset discharge leak into flexible pipe 106 before, be applied to compressive load on the flexible pipe and will close circulation port 114 and top balanced mouthful 116.Under the situation of the external pressure differential that does not stride across inflatable and the packer 120 that can reset, shown in Fig. 3 F, inflatable and this internal pressure packer 120 that can reset discharges and will make packer 120 inflatable and that can reset withdraw from the production casing wall, otherwise can produce the power that may damage flexible pipe 106 or BHA and move.

25. in case inflatable and packer 120 that can reset resets, shown in Fig. 3 F, then the pulling force of dilatory flexible pipe/BHA will make the mechanical slips 124 that can reset quit work, thereby BHA can be moved freely and navigate to upper wellbore once more.

26. if at the end, the second level of stimulation treatment, proppant in the pit shaft has stoped flexible pipe/BHA to move immediately, then fluid can come cyclic flusher and remove proppant by circulation port 114 so that flexible pipe/BHA free and allow BHA discharge inflatable and the packer that can reset after move up.

All one by one be subjected to stimulation treatment (Fig. 3 A to 3F has represented to be three BHA that zone volume increase operation designs) 27. repeat above-mentioned steps up to all plan areas.

28. after finishing this stimulation treatment process, the element of BHA turns back to mobile status and from pit shaft flexible pipe/BHA device is taken out.

If 29. all desired region all by stimulation treatment, then oil well can put into production immediately.

30. if, then can make the volume flexible pipe that improved BHA is arranged slightly that has shown in Fig. 4 A wish other zone of stimulation treatment.In the combination of this downhole tool, not being both with BHA in the above preferred embodiment unique has increased the bridging plug 164 that machinery plug 164 that the selectivity emission is provided with or selectivity emission are provided with, and it is positioned at the below of the gun apparatus of the minimum selectivity emission shown in Fig. 4 A.Usually, the machinery plug 164 that the selectivity emission is provided with both can be a bridging plug, also can be pressure break baffle plate (fracture baffle).If wish after stimulation work, to produce the zone of separating immediately simultaneously, then preferably adopt the pressure break baffle plate usually by stopper.

31. shown in Fig. 4 A, (Fig. 4 A has represented a kind of gun system to improved BHA by the perforating gun system that selectivity is launched, it comprise perforating gun 174,184 and 194 and corresponding perforating bullet 176,186 and 196 and selectivity emitting head 172,182 and 192), the inflatable and packer that can reset of 114,116 and 122, of casing collar locator (CCL)s 128, liquid head piece 120, an axial slip system 124 of the mechanical type that can reset and the bridging plug 164 launched with the selectivity that selectivity emitting head 162 is provided with.Improved BHA descends in the well by lubricator and the flexible pipe injection head that crane or drilling cramp by the well head top hang.

32. flexible pipe/BHA is lowered in the well, determines the degree of depth with the relation of the casing collar locator (CCL) and the degree of depth simultaneously.

33. shown in Fig. 4 A, flexible pipe/improved BHA is lowered in the well and makes the machinery plug 164 of selectivity emission be positioned last position of the top in the zone 252 of stimulation treatment formerly.

34. shown in Fig. 4 B, selectivity emitting head 162 emission is so that the machinery plug 164 of selectivity emission is arranged on the position of top in the zone 252 of last previous stimulation treatment.

35. when the selectivity emitting head 162 of bridging plug is triggered with after selectivity emission bridging plug 164 is set, flexible pipe/improved BHA rises to following position in the pit shaft, promptly, feasible first (minimum) the group perforating bullet 176 that is included in the selectivity emission perforating gun system is positioned at and just in time strides across and will wherein can be carried out accurate degree of depth control according to casing collar locator (CCL) 128 and the reading that is positioned at the flexible pipe mileage system on the ground installation by next minimum target area of perforation.The action that BHA is moved upwards up to the position of first perforated zone will make mechanical slips 124 circulations that can reset enter lock-out state, and will require the flexible pipe axial load just can make the mechanical slips that can reset be returned to mobile status from being expressed to the cycling that stretches and return.

36. shown in Fig. 4 B, first group of perforating bullet 176 on the improved BHA launched by selectivity by the second selectivity emitting head 172 by remote control startup effect, and penetrate sleeve pipe 82 and cement sheath 84, and set up fluid connection with stratum 86 by the perforation 270-271 that produces with perforation 270 and 271.

37. if between the perforation 250,251 of last previous setting and next group will be by the positions of the perforation 270,271 of stimulation treatment, do not have enough spaces to place the BHA that is used for next group perforation 270 is carried out perforation, separation, stimulation treatment rightly, then the bridging plug 164 of selectivity emission can be arranged on the below of the perforation 250,251 of last previous stimulation treatment, and packer inflatable in the first stimulation treatment operating period employing and that can reset, so that the perforation 270,271 of topmost and the perforation 250,251 of previous stimulation treatment are separated.

38. suitably repeat above-mentioned whole technology up to all plan areas all one by one by stimulation treatment (Fig. 4 A to 4B has represented to be other three BHA that regional stimulation treatment operation designs).

Those skilled in the art should be realized that, comprise in employing under the fluid situations of proppant, preferred hanging method is to adopt traditional joint to connect oil pipe or flexible pipe, preferably also have one or more circulation ports, make the proppant that is deposited in the pit shaft to be discharged pit shaft by circulation at an easy rate.Also can not need this function such as processing such as acid pressure break or rock mass acidifying operations, and by to be easy to implement aforesaid operations such as cable such as steel wire or cable or based on the arrangement system of shaft bottom trailer system.

Purpose according to the operations specific task, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, can adopt different pumping systems, and pumping system may comprise following operation: (a) the downward pumping fluid of annular space that forms between cable along the line or oil pipe (if above-mentioned method for arranging has adopted cable or oil pipe) and the casing wall; (b) if hanging method comprises the oil pipe that adopts flexible pipe or joint to connect, and for the well depth of being considered, excessive friction and the no too much influence of proppant corrosion are then along the downward pumping fluid in inside of the oil pipe of flexible pipe or joint connection; (c) if for the well depth of being considered, excessive friction and the no too much influence of proppant corrosion are then simultaneously along the annular space that forms between oil pipe (if above-mentioned method for arranging has adopted oil pipe) and the casing wall and the downward pumping fluid in inside of oil pipe.

Fig. 5 has represented the second embodiment of the present invention, has wherein adopted flexible pipe as arrangement apparatus, and excessive friction do not have too much influence, and when operation not pumping proppant or do not consider the use of proppant.Fig. 5 has represented that employing flexible pipe 106 hangs BHA and BHA element.In this embodiment, each zone is handled to darker shaft location from more shallow shaft location according to the order of sequence.In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, circulation port 114 is arranged on packer 120 belows inflatable and that can reset, makes that treatment fluid can be along the downward pumping in the inside of flexible pipe 106, and flows out from circulation port 114, and is subjected to normal pressure and the target approach perforation.As the schematic diagram that shows those operations, Fig. 5 expresses packer 120 inflatable and that can reset and has been activated and has been arranged on perforation 241 belows, and described perforation 241 is corresponding to previous hydraulic pressure fracture zone 242.Inflatable and packer 120 that can reset has formed fluid isolation, makes when follow-up treatment fluid during along the downward pumping of flexible pipe 106, and treatment fluid is forced in the perforation 230 and 231 of previous setting and forms new fluid power fracturing fracture 232.Then, for subterranean formation zone and the interval that forms requirement, suitably proceed and repeat this operation.

Fig. 6 has represented the third embodiment of the present invention, has wherein adopted flexible pipe as arrangement apparatus, and excessive friction do not have too big influence, and the use of not pumping proppant or proppant does not have too big influence when operation.Fig. 6 has represented that employing flexible pipe 106 hangs BHA and BHA element.In this embodiment, can handle each zone in any order.In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, the inflatable seal apparatus 125 that has adopted a staddle packer is as the sealing device that can reset, and circulation port 114 is arranged between top expandable seal element 121 and the bottom expandable seal element 123.After top expandable seal element 121 and 123 startups of bottom expandable seal element, treatment fluid can flow out along the downward pumping in the inside of flexible pipe 106 and from circulation port 114, be subjected to normal pressure then and the target approach perforation.As the schematic diagram that shows those operations, Fig. 6 expresses top expandable seal element 121 and bottom expandable seal element 123 has been activated and has been arranged to stride across perforation 241, and described perforation 241 is corresponding to will be by next zone of pressure break.Inflatable and packer 120 that can reset provides fluid isolation, makes when follow-up treatment fluid during along the downward pumping of flexible pipe 106, and treatment fluid is forced in the perforation 240 and 241 of previous setting and sets up new fluid power fracturing fracture 242.Then, for subterranean formation zone and the interval that forms requirement, suitably proceed and repeat this operation.

Fig. 7 has represented the fourth embodiment of the present invention, has wherein adopted cable 102 to hang BHA and BHA element as arrangement apparatus.In this embodiment, each zone is handled to more shallow shaft location from darker shaft location according to the order of sequence.In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, can be with treatment fluid along the downward pumping of annular space between cable 102 and the production casing wall 82, and make treatment fluid be subjected to normal pressure and the target approach perforation.In this embodiment, inflatable and packer 120 that can reset also comprises an electronic pumping system 117 in inside, and it expands or contraction packer 120 inflatable and that can reset by by the driven by power of cable transmission to the down-hole to use wellbore fluids.Fig. 7 expresses the below that packer 120 inflatable and that can reset had been activated and had been arranged on perforation 241, and described perforation 241 is corresponding to will be by next zone of pressure break.Inflatable and packer 120 that can reset provides fluid isolation, makes that treatment fluid is forced in perforation 240 and 241 and sets up new fluid power fracturing fracture 242 when the downward pumping of annular space of follow-up treatment fluid between cable 102 and production casing 82.Then, for subterranean formation zone and the interval that forms requirement, suitably proceed and repeat this operation.

The fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises the additional tubing string or the arrangement system of cable, hereinafter is called inside and/or external control pipe cable at flexible pipe (or oil pipe of joint connection).Shown in Fig. 8 A and 8B, illustrated control umbilical 104 is arranged on the inside of flexible pipe 106.In this embodiment, control umbilical 104 links to each other with the sealing device 120 that can reset, and in this embodiment, the sealing device 120 that can reset is started by the fluid pressure that transmits by control umbilical 104.Usually, can in the inside of flexible pipe and/or the annular space between flexible pipe and the production casing, arrange a plurality of control umbilicals.Usually, can use control umbilical to carry out multiple different operation, include but not limited to following operation: provide (a) fluid connection to handle each BHA element, these elements are including, but not limited to sealing device and/or perforating system; (b) be used for injecting additive fluid or making the fluid pipe of additive fluid circulation to the shaft bottom; (c) be used for obtaining data from the underground survey device.Should be noted that shown in Fig. 8 A, BHA also comprises centralizer 201,203 and 205, they are used for when the BHA element is in mobile status, keep BHA placed in the middle in pit shaft.

The use of control umbilical makes and can be independent of the fluid pressure condition in the flexible pipe and the mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset is hydraulically meshed and/or break away from engagement.This can adopt the sort of mechanically-sealing apparatus of resetting that needs independent hydraulically controlled manipulation for operation with regard to making this method expand to.Need hydraulic pressure to come the perforating system of selectivity emission to start by control umbilical.If this can make cable-be provided with cable-be used as the additional channel of transmission of electric signals in flexible pipe and BHA, needed when resembling the data of obtaining the measuring apparatus in the downhole tool combination; Perhaps, for example, start the down-hole electric drive motor that rotary power/moment of torsion is provided for the BHA element as the BHA element that starts other.Form as an alternative, control umbilical also can be used for handling those hydraulic motors that are used for starting different shaft bottoms element (for example, being used to make sealing device engagement or the out-of-gear hydraulic motor that can reset).

Adopt control umbilical can also provide a plurality of desired locations to the down-hole to inject or the ability of any fluid that circulates with accurate control mode.For example, in order to reduce precipitation attached to the proppant on the sealing device during fluid support agent frac treatment, control umbilical can be arranged and be used to provide independently continuous or batch cleaning and circulation operation, to prevent that proppant clustering is on sealing device.For example, directly over the mechanically-sealing apparatus that control umbilical can descend to reset, simultaneously with another control umbilical can descend the mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset under.Like this, as expectation, fluid (for example nitrogen) can be by circulation on above-mentioned any or two positions of down-hole, washing proppant from the zone around sealing device, thereby reduce the possibility that BHA is blocked owing to proppant clustering.Under the situation of circulation of fluid, should be noted that the size of control umbilical and fluid should obtain the speed of expectation with assurance through selecting, and can unexpectedly not be controlled the restriction of the friction pressure in the pipe cable.

Except will by tubing string constitute and control umbilical that fluid connection is provided in the down-hole as the recoil simulator that starts the BHA element (perhaps can be used as the signal transmitting apparatus that is used for downhole instrument is carried out the ground record), usually, one or more cable or optical fiber cable can be set, to provide electric connection or photoelectricity to be communicated with in the down-hole as the recoil simulator that starts the BHA element (perhaps can be used as the signal transmitting apparatus that is used for downhole instrument is carried out the ground record) in pit shaft.

Fig. 9 has represented the sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein is provided with a trailer system that is installed on the BHA, and it is made of top traction drive 131 and bottom traction drive 133, is used for BHA is arranged and be positioned at pit shaft.In this embodiment, each zone is handled to more shallow shaft location from darker shaft location according to the order of sequence.In this embodiment, BHA also comprises an electronic pumping system 117 in inside, and it is by the driven by power that is transferred to the down-hole by cable 102, packer 120 inflatable and that can reset is expanded or shrink.In this embodiment, treatment fluid is pumped down along the annular space between cable 102 and the production casing wall 82, and is subjected to normal pressure and the target approach perforation.Fig. 9 expresses the below that packer 120 inflatable and that can reset had been activated and had been arranged on perforation 241, and described perforation 241 is corresponding to will be by next zone of pressure break.Inflatable and packer 120 that can reset provides fluid isolation, makes that treatment fluid is forced in perforation 240 and 241 and sets up new fluid power fracturing fracture 242 when treatment fluid when the annular space between cable 102 and production casing 82 is pumped down subsequently.Then, for subterranean formation zone and the interval that forms requirement, suitably proceed and repeat this operation.

As the replacement form of the 6th embodiment, trailer system can be self-driven, and by plate borne computer system control, and can carry plate and carry signal system, and making not need be in order to locate, to control and/or starting trailer system and cable or pipeline are installed.In addition, different BHA elements also can be by plate borne computer system control, and carry plate and carry signal system, and making not need be in order to control and/or to start these elements and cable or oil pipe are installed.For example, trailer system and/or BHA element can carry plate and carry power source (for example battery), the department of computer science transfer of data/receiving system of unifying, make draw-gear and BHA element to be subjected to remote control from ground by the remote signal device, perhaps form as an alternative, also can be on ground in the face of different plate borne computer systems carry out pre-programmed, the operation of execution desired sequence with when being arranged into pit shaft in the time.

In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, adopted the perforating system of grinding (or corrosivity) fluid jet as pit shaft.Grinding (or corrosivity) fluid jet is method commonly used in the petroleum industry, is used for downhole oil tubing string and other pit shafts and well head element are cut and perforation.Adopting flexible pipe or joint to connect oil pipe can provide polishing fluid to spray the used fluid pipe of cutting technique as the BHA suspension arrangement.In order to adapt therewith, BHA is constructed with the form of a spraycan.This spraycan makes grinding (or corrosivity) fluid system of high-voltage high-speed or mud to be pumped into the shaft bottom by oil pipe and nozzle.Grinding (or corrosivity) fluid is cut and is worn production casing wall, cement sheath and earth penetrating to form the fluid course that communicates with the stratum.In the stimulation work process, use this spraycan can in whole interval, set out the hole and the crack of any distribution.Usually, grinding cutting of (or corrosivity) fluid and perforating application can implement at an easy rate under the following conditions, promptly under the pumping condition of wide region, adopt the fluid system (water of wide region, gelinite, oil, the fluid system of liquid/gas combination), and if in specific pit shaft perforation is used, need to use the solid abrasive material, then can adopt multiple solid abrasive material (sand, ceramic materials etc.).

Spraycan has replaced the described traditional selectivity emission perforating gun system of six embodiment in front, because the length of this spraycan can be in 1 foot to 4 feet the scope, so when comparing when adopting traditional selectivity emission perforating gun device, the requirement for height of ground lubricator system has been greatly diminished (may reduce at most 60 feet or reduce more) as perforating system.The requirement for height that has reduced ground lubricator system can provide a plurality of advantages that comprise reduction expense and operating time.

Figure 10 has represented the seventh embodiment of the present invention in detail, has wherein adopted spraycan 310 as perforating system and with the oil pipe 302 of connection BHA to be suspended in the pit shaft.In this embodiment, the packer of resetting 316 with a mechanical type compressive deformation is used as the sealing device that can reset; Carry out degree of depth control and the location of BHA with a mechanical casing collar locator 318; Flapper-type flap valve joint 304 with a unidirectional standard-sized sheet guarantees that fluid can be along the oil pipe 302 that connects to the upper reaches; The shearing of a combination discharges fishing neck joint 306 as the safe release device; Also adopted circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308, with method that a kind of circulation of fluid is provided and the pressure balance under certain situation in the above and below of the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical compress deformation; Also adopted a unidirectional ball seat flap valve joint 314, only can flow upward to circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308 from the packer of resetting 316 belows of mechanical compressive deformation to guarantee fluid.

Spraycan 310 comprises jet orifice 312, and this jet orifice 312 is used for polishing fluid being sprayed directly impacting on the production casing 82 being quickened and guiding by the polishing fluid along the oil pipe 302 downward pumpings that connect.In this structure, mechanical coupler collar locator 318 is connected on the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical compress deformation through suitably designing, and can upwards flow to circulation/equilibrium mouth joint 308 from the below of the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical compressive deformation to allow liquid stream.The size of the flow area corresponding with the liquid conduit that comprises in the circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308 manufactures than the flow area big many flow area corresponding with jet orifice 312, make that when a circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308 is in open mode the liquid stream main body that connects among oil pipe 302 or the BHA preferentially flows through circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308 rather than jet orifice 312.A circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308 is to be opened and closed by moving axially up and down of tube connector 302.

In this embodiment, connect oil pipe 302 and preferably use with the packers of resetting 316 of mechanical compress deformation, this is because the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical compress deformation can be activated or deactuate at an easy rate by connecting oil pipe 302 applies move both vertically and/or rotate.By means of connecting, be installed in the pit shaft and the power rotary device of the ground installation that from pit shaft, takes out as connecting oil pipe 302, use the auxiliary snubbing unit of completion equipment, move both vertically and/or rotate and be applied in by connecting oil pipe 302.Should be noted that, connect, be installed in the pit shaft and from pit shaft and remove for will connect oil pipe 302 under pressure, it is common and for known in those skilled in the art having the completion equipment of the power rotary device auxiliary corresponding ground installation of snubbing unit, method and technology with employing.Form as an alternative adopts by means of the completion drilling cramp of power rotary device and removes head to replace snubbing unit, also can be implemented in will connect the oil pipe connection pressure under, be installed in the pit shaft and from pit shaft and remove; Equally, connect in order under pressure, to connect oil pipe, be installed in the pit shaft and from pit shaft, remove and the aforesaid operations that carries out also is common and for known in those skilled in the art.It is further to be understood that, the configuration of ground drilling cramp and pipeline can comprise suitable house steward, pipeline and valve so that regulator solution stream flows to, flows out all suitable ground component/facilities and pit shaft and flows between them, suitable here ground component/facility and pit shaft including, but not limited to: the oil pipe of connection, connect annular space, pump, fluid reservoir and backflow pool between oil pipe and the production casing.

Because the packer of resetting of mechanical type compressive deformation is activated by moving both vertically and/or rotating of connection oil pipe 302, so fluid can be along connecting that oil pipe 302 is pumped down and the control valve and/or the isolating valve that need not to add, if swellable packer is the above-mentioned valve of needs interpolation when being used as the sealing device that can reset.The inside that use to connect oil pipe 302 by this way makes it be provided at independently liquid conduit between ground and the spraycan 310, makes that the abrasive flow physical efficiency is pumped in the spraycan 310 along connecting oil pipe 302 downwards.Be positioned at the jet orifice 312 on the spraycan 310, grinding spray liquid flow at a high speed then is provided, this liquid stream is directed production casing 82 and cement sheath 84 perforations to set up the fluid connection with stratum 86.

Figure 10 has represented to use spraycan 310 to make perforation 320 and has made perforation 320 pass first stratigraphic interval of needs, and first stratigraphic interval that needs is by stimulation treatment fluid power and had hydraulic pressure fracturing fracture 322.Figure 10 has represented that also spraycan 310 is relocated in pit shaft, and be used to perforation 324 is set at second stratigraphic interval of needs, and the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical type compressive deformation has been activated, so that perforation is being carried out forming liquid seal before the stimulation treatment operation in pit shaft with the second level of multistage hydraulic proppant frac treatment.

Should be noted that, jet orifice 312 can be positioned at about 6 inches positions to 1 foot scope of the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical type compressive deformation, made in pumping after the second proppant pressure break level fluid, if accumulating in the proppant at the packer of resetting 316 tops of mechanical type compressive deformation exerts an influence, can as required non-grinding also be passed through jet orifice 312 and/or circulation/equilibrium mouthful joint 308 with noncorrosive fluid along being connected oil pipe 302 downward pumpings, so that proppant is removed from the packer of resetting 316 tops of mechanical type compressive deformation.In addition, by the connection oil pipe 302 that uses available ground power rotary device to rotate, spraycan 310 can be rotated (when the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical type compressive deformation is not activated), thus issuable proppant accumulation on the packer of resetting 316 of further help removing mechanical type compressive deformation.Owing to adopted fluid jet to make perforation, just can not form the perforation burr.Owing to there is not the perforation burr, be subjected to additional wear with regard to the elastic body on the packer of resetting 316 that can not make the mechanical type compressive deformation, thereby compare with the situation that the perforation burr may exist, prolonged the life-span of the packer of resetting 316 of mechanical type compressive deformation.

It should further be appreciated that, by the fluid control that the flapper-type flap valve joint 304 of unidirectional ball seat flap valve joint 314 and unidirectional standard-sized sheet provides, only provide pressure to equate when the packer of resetting 316 above and belows of the pressure of the packer of resetting 316 belows of the mechanical type compressive deformation mechanical type compressive deformation during greater than the pressure of the packer of resetting 316 tops of mechanical type compressive deformation.When the pressure of the packer of resetting 316 tops of mechanical type compressive deformation during greater than the pressure of the packer of resetting 316 belows of mechanical type compressive deformation, the pressure of the packer of resetting 316 tops of mechanical type compressive deformation can easily be reduced by following method: adopt the annular space that connects between oil pipe 302 and the production casing 82 to realize just by the controlled fluid reflux operation in the zone of stimulation treatment; Perhaps reduce above-mentioned pressure to the upwards mobile this circulation of annular space that dirty and edge connect between oil pipe 302 and the production casing 82 by making low-density fluid (for example nitrogen) edge connect oil pipe 302.

The flapper-type flap valve joint 304 of unidirectional standard-sized sheet is preferred, because this design is suitable for grinding (or corrosivity) fluid is pumped into the shaft bottom without restriction, and allow the control ball to pass through, concrete particular design according to each BHA element, these control balls may fall from ground and flow with hydraulic characteristic(s) and the fluid of controlling each BHA element, and the safe release of BHA perhaps is provided.According to the design of particular tool, can arrange that multiple different valve arrangement is so that the function that is provided by the described flow control valve of present embodiment to be provided.

As the replacement form of the 7th embodiment, can comprise having the joint that connects cover that can hang and keep other measurement mechanisms or BHA element.For example, this connects cover can keep a traditional casing collar locator (CCL) and gamma ray tool, and described gamma ray tool is arranged and is seated to connect by cable and puts, to carry out the extra diagnostic analysis to BHA position and interested stratigraphic interval position.In addition, can arrange the parts of a plurality of grinding spraycans as BHA, thus control perforation cutting characteristic, and for example size of hole/slit, cutting speed adapting to multiple grinding-material, and/or provide back-up system under too early component failure situation.

For a person skilled in the art, should be realized that the part that can adopt a lot of different elements to make up as downhole tool.The downhole tool combination can be configured to comprise the instrument of measuring reservoir, fluid and oil well characteristic, and these measurements may need in specific application scenario to be considered to.For example, downhole fluid temperature and pressure condition during the temperature and pressure meter is measured processing can be set; Adopt densometer to measure effective downhole fluid density (in hydraulic pressure proppant frac treatment process, for the proppant of determining the shaft bottom distributes and the position, the fluid density measurement is very useful); With adopt radiological measuring system (for example gamma rays or neutron measurement system) and locate the position of the radioactive material in hydrocarbon realm or discriminating or definite oil well or the stratum.

Whether formed the perforation of the band burr that may damage sealing device according to specific downhole tool composition element and perforating system, the downhole tool combination can be configured to have the form of " removal of perforation burr " instrument, and this instrument can strike off the perforation burr from casing wall.

According to specific downhole tool composition element and the excessive wear that under the situation that this downhole tool is combined in when mobile with casing wall contacts, whether formed the downhole tool composition element, can in downhole tool combination, arrange centralizer sub, and contact the damage that produces when preventing to move with casing wall or this possibility is reduced to minimum owing to this tool combinations so that this tool combinations forms reliable mechanical positioning.

According to specific downhole tool composition element and when when emission perforating bullet whether formed strong shock wave and produced unexpected overvibration, downhole tool combination can be configured to have the form of vibration/shock damping joint, and this damping joint can be eliminated any to reduce to minimum because the perforating bullet blast produces to the systematic function negative effect or with it.

According to the arrangement system that adopts and the purpose of operations specific, perforating system and any other BHA element that needs also can navigate to the sealing device that can reset above or below and arrange with required arbitrarily order relative to each other.No matter be cable, electric wire, flexible pipe, traditional connection oil pipe or shaft bottom draw-gear, arrangement system itself all can be used to transmit signal, to start sealing device and/or perforating system.Can also be connected oil pipe or flexible pipe suspension sort signal device with the tradition of perforating system itself being used for hanging sealing.Form as an alternative, recoil simulator, no matter it be electronics, fluid power or other devices, can both in oil well, move, and be positioned at the outside of suspension arrangement, perhaps be contained in one or more independent coiled tubing string or the traditional connection tubing string, perhaps constitute by these tubing strings.

With respect to adopting the high viscosity fluid system to handle being deeper than in 8,000 feet the oil well, can from this neoteric application, obtain a plurality of major technology and economic effect immediately.The reduction of friction pressure restriction makes it possible to darker well is handled, and has reduced the requirement to specific fracturing fluid prescription.Can reduce or eliminate friction pressure restriction and be because full-bodied fluid can along between flexible pipe or other suspension arrangements and the production casing-the downward pumping of annular space.Owing to, can increase the degree of depth largely so implement the oil well of this technology by full-bodied fluid system can be reduced or eliminate the friction pressure restriction along the downward pumping in the inside of flexible pipe.For example, suppose that it is that effectively approximately the casing strings with 5 inches external diameters are suitable for flow area in 5-1/2 inch, 17 pounds every foot the sleeve pipe that flexible pipe with the 1-1/2 inch is set to external diameter.Use this effective flow area, can handle 20,000 foot or longer well depth, and can be for carrying out effectively that proppant is carried and adopting high viscosity fluid to carry out the fluid power pressure break and obtain higher pump rate (for example, in the scope of per minute 10 to 30 barrels (10 to30-barrels-per-minute) or more).

Because annular space has bigger equivalent flow area usually, so can adopt traditional fracturing fluid, this and the specific low viscosity fluid that adopts for the friction drop that reduces by the flexible pipe (C1earFrac of Dowell-Schlumberger for example ^TMFluid) opposite.Adopt traditional fracturing fluid technology just can handle the stratum of the temperature that is higher than 250, if be higher than this temperature, then the specific fracturing fluid of existing applicable costliness just may begin degraded.

Sealing device used herein can be the staddle packer, cup seal device of the packer of resetting, the mechanical type compressive deformation of expandable device, mechanical type compressive deformation or anyly can arrange and provide the liquid seal performance that can reset or other alternative devices of equivalent function by suspension arrangement.The expandable device that exists and the device of compressive deformation all between hermetic unit and casing wall, provide radial clearance (as, for expandable device, gap length is 0.25 inch to 1 inch, perhaps for the device of compressive deformation, gap length is the 0.1-0.2 inch), cause the wearing and tearing of hermetic unit obviously to reduce or be eliminated fully.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, between sealing device under starting state not and the casing wall enough gaps are arranged, the instrument that makes can move apace and be lowered to pit shaft or shift out from pit shaft, and can not damage sealing device significantly, perhaps can not produce and move the relevant pressure control problem of the fluctuation/scouring to oil well that forms owing to instrument.The speed that the space that increases between sealing surfaces and the casing wall (when seal does not start) also will make the flexible pipe/BHA that trips out or be lowered to pit shaft is more a lot of soon than the speed of existing flexible pipe system.In addition, in order to reduce sealing part abrasion issuable and that do not expect, in a preferred embodiment, perforating system will suitably be regulated the perforation that casing wall is carried out, thereby obtain to have the perforation of relative smooth edges.Form as an alternative, the sealing device that machinery can be reset can provide perfect liquid seal effect, for example, can keep little gap around device.This closely spaced size can be processed to provide a kind of sealing device, (if desired) thus make proppant stride across little gap, and provide a kind of sealing, (if desired) sealing can be removed under the circulation of fluid effect.In addition,, can also implement this stimulation work, even because the sealing device that uses machinery to reset can not be obtained perfect liquid seal with more economically viable mode according to specific application.

Because perforating system is arranged simultaneously with the sealing device that can reset, available identical measurement standard carries out degree of depth control in the identical time to all elements.This has just eliminated the degree of depth control problem of existing method, can produce degree of depth control problem when carrying out perforating application and volume increase operation with two kinds of different measuring systems in different time and different following well operations in existing method.By using casing collar locator (CCL), can obtain point-device degree of depth control, casing collar locator (CCL) is the excellent method of revolving of degree of depth control.

The height overall of each interval of each perforation target interval is unrestricted.This existing problem of flexible pipe arrangement system with the device of existing employing staddle packer shape is opposite, because the range of application of the device of the sort of staddle packer shape is limited in the high perforated zone of 15-30 foot.

Owing to need not to adopt permanent bridging plug, bore increase expense and the pit shaft risk that broken operation is associated so subdued with bridging plug.

If with the flexible pipe system as arrangement apparatus, the coiled tubing string that then is used for stimulation work just can be suspended on well head and be used as the production tube tubing string, owing to will equipment do not move to well location the traditional mode of production oil pipe tubing string that is made of the oil pipe that connects is not installed, has just been saved expense significantly.

Order to zone to be processed is controlled, and just can each design of handling level be optimized according to the characteristic of each individual region.In addition, handle on the level, so eliminated because the possibility of (sub-optimal) stimulation treatment is optimized in the Asia of handling a plurality of zone simultaneously and being produced by only the perforation of one group of opening being exposed to each.For example, under fluid power pressure break situation, the present invention can reduce the possibility that overflush enters crack or the Asia optimization distribution of proppant in the crack.In addition, if problem that processing must be stopped has taken place, the upper wellbore section zone is not affected, because these zones are not also by perforation.This is opposite with traditional ball sealer or flexible pipe volume increase method, and in those methods, all perforations all must be penetrated before operation.If traditional flexible pipe operation has been failed, just may on very long well completion interval, be difficult to carry out effectively water conservancy diversion operation and stimulation treatment.In addition, if only there is one group of perforation to open on potted component, fluid also can circulate, and can not break up the perforation that other the many groups above the top seal element are opened, and this phenomenon of breaking up just may take place in traditional flexible pipe operation.This just reduced or eliminated when bottom hole circulating pressure surpasses formation pore pressure fluid loss and to the damage on stratum.

Whole treatment fluids can be pumped in an independent underground work, this is just than the obvious expense of having saved of other technologies, in other technologies, need repeatedly cable or fitter's work to be lowered in the oil well between the reason level throughout and from wherein taking out instrument.

The present invention also can be applicable to the multistep treatment of inclined shaft and horizontal well.Usually, in inclined shaft and horizontal well, other traditional diversion technology difficulty are all very big, and this is determined by common fluid transmission characteristic corresponding to the water conservancy diversion material on the long intervals of inclined shaft and horizontal well.

If produced the filter sand phenomenon in the frac treatment process, then the invention provides a kind of method, make that the sand flow body that contains in the annular space is recycled the outflow pit shaft immediately, thereby the volume increase operation can be restarted, and will not take out pit shaft by flexible pipe/BHA.The use of flexible pipe system provide a kind of can be after perforation or the volume increase operating process in the device of measuring well bottom pressure, this pressure is according to being worth in the calculation of pressure relevant with coiled tubing string of closing under (or low flow rate) condition.

If flexible pipe or traditional connection tubing system are used as arrangement apparatus, a kind of well fluids downhole injection device that is independent of the fluid that injects annular space then are provided.This is very useful, for example, also can be applicable to following purposes: (a), do not have proppant clustering (this gathering may cause instrument to block) thereby maintenance BHA sealing device and liquid head piece clean by pumping fluid into the shaft bottom and cleaning sealing device and liquid head piece with nominal rated speed; (b) shaft bottom mixed use (below will further discuss); (c) during perforation, drip acid to help being communicated with of cleaning perforation and help and stratum to the shaft bottom; (d) independently to carrying out stimulation treatment by the sealing device that can reset two zones spaced apart from each other.Thus, if oil pipe is used as arrangement apparatus, specific operation as required and specific downhole tool composition element can interiorly at any time arrive the shaft bottom with circulation of fluid; Perhaps only after potted component starts, or only when potted component does not start; Perhaps when balanced mouth opens or closes.Particular design according to specific downhole tool composition element and shaft bottom liquid flow control valve, for example just as the element of the one that is used as balanced mouthful of joint, circulation port joint or liquid head piece joint, the manipulation of shaft bottom liquid flow control valve can be started by cable startup, hydraulic starting, liquid stream, " J-shaped lock pin " starts, sliding sleeve starts, perhaps by starting in the operation of shaft bottom liquid flow control valve and known any other device of technician in startup field.

The flexible pipe system also allows each liquid stream of handling in the level to reflux under control, to help cleaning and to help the fracturing fracture sealing.Backflow can be by realizing to the upper reaches along the annular space between flexible pipe and the production casing, perhaps form as an alternative, if do not think that excessive proppant backflow is a problem, refluxing also can be by realizing to the upper reaches along coiled tubing string.

Perforating system can be made of the perforation system of supplying on the market.These gun systems can comprise here the system that is referred to as " selectivity emission ", make single perforating gun device by a plurality of or organize perforating bullet more and constitute.Each group of being made up of one or more perforating bullets can both adopt electricity, radio, pressure, optical fiber or other enabling signals to be subjected to remote control and emission from ground.Each group perforating bullet (playing quantity, every foot exit point number, the size in hole, through characteristic) can both design the optimum perforation of being undertaken by each zone of processing at different levels desiring to obtain.According to existing selectivity ejecting gun technology, commercial for gun system can in an independent underground work, handle 30 to 40 successively will be by the interval of perforation.Also rifle can be processed in advance and is designed to be able to form to the emission of many groups perforation.Rifle can be positioned at the arbitrary position in the downhole tool combination, comprises the position of the above and below that is positioned at the sealing device that machinery can reset.

Can carry out packet transaction to interval according to the restriction of reservoir characteristics, processing operational design Consideration or equipment.At each group interval (preferably 5 to about 20) afterwards, ending (determining by illumination condition usually) in operation day, perhaps running under the situation that is difficult to the one or more zones of sealing, preferably adopting bridging plug or other mechanical devices that treated interval group and next interval group to be processed are isolated.Bridging plug that one or more selectivity emissions can be provided with or pressure break baffle plate and downhole tool combine and are lowered to, and in the well completion operations process, on demand it is provided with between the interval of perforation, providing reliable mechanical type to isolate, and eliminates and be lowered to independent cable is provided with mechanical type xegregating unit or permeable medium between pressure break level in groups needs.

Usually, the sealing device that uses existing commercial perforating gun system that supplies and machinery to reset, the inventive method can be used for the production casing of 4-1/2 inch diameter to 7 inch diameters at an easy rate.By the sealing device that uses the machinery suitably design for littler or bigger sleeve pipe to reset, the inventive method also can be used for littler or bigger sleeve pipe.

If used the perforating gun of selectivity emission, then the length of each independent rifle can be 2 to 8 feet, and comprise 8 to 20 perforating bullets that are provided with along gun barrel, the dot density scope of these bullets is between every foot 1 and 6, but every foot 2 to 4 point preferably.In a preferred embodiment, 15 to 20 independent rifles can the mode on another stack, and the length overall of the gun system after the feasible combination is preferably less than about 80 to 100 feet.The rifle of this length overall can descend in the pit shaft by ground crane and the lubricator system that is easy to prepare.Also longer rifle can be used,, ground installation that add or special may be needed still according to the sum of the rifle that constitutes whole perforating system.Should be noted that, in some unique application scenario, the bullet number and the exit point density of the length of rifle, every rifle can be greater than or less than above-mentioned numerical value, and this is because the design of final perforating system will be subjected to desiring the influence by the specific formation characteristics in the pit shaft of stimulation treatment.

In order to reduce the length overall of gun system and BHA, it is desirable to adopt a plurality of (two or more) to play loading bin, these loading bins are evenly distributed on around the flexible pipe and binding, welding or otherwise be installed on the flexible pipe, perhaps are connected to the below of the sealing device that machinery can reset.For example, 30 zones of stimulation treatment if desired, wherein one 4 feet rifle perforation is all used in each zone, and then single gun apparatus will form about 150 feet length overall, and this is unmanageable on the ground.Form can adopt opposed facing two gun apparatus that are positioned on the flexible pipe as an alternative, and wherein each gun apparatus comprises 15 rifles, and total length is about 75 feet, and this just can operate on the ground at an easy rate with existing lubricator and crane system.

Other alternative arrangement schemes of perforating gun can be the tops that or many rifles is positioned at the mechanically-sealing apparatus that can reset.Two or more independent gun apparatus can be installed in the following manner, that is, be made the orientation of bullet deviate from element on downhole tool combination or the flexible pipe.Can also form single device, this device has bullet and the emitter that loads with bigger density, emitter is designed to only to make in given interval the bullet of a son group to launch simultaneously, might this all bullet of once launching all on a given phase directional.

Although in this embodiment the perforating system of Miao Shuing adopted the perforating bullet of remote-control transmitting or fluid jet mode and on sleeve and cement sheath perforation, within the scope of the invention, in order to be implemented in pit shaft and to set up the purpose of circulation path on every side between the stratum, also can adopt the perforating system of replacement form, including, but not limited to following mode: chemolysis or adopt brill/milling cutter sweep.For purpose of the present invention, the term " perforating system " that uses broadly comprises above-mentioned all, and any startup flip flop equipment that is suspended in order to trigger perforating bullet in the pit shaft, or may be by other perforating systems outside sleeve pipe of downhole tool combination or other device transmission or that hang by the hanging method that is used to support the downhole tool combination.

BHA can comprise downhole motor or other devices rotatablely move/moment of torsion with formation, rotatablely moves/the startup needs of the mechanically-sealing apparatus that moment of torsion could start thereby satisfy the demand.This device combines with bearing unit (for example gyroscope or compass), just can carry out oriented perforating, makes perforation by the setting of preferred compass direction.Form as an alternative, if use traditional joint to connect oil pipe, just can will rotatablely move by directly being rotatably connected oil pipe and moment of torsion pass to the down-hole, the described oil pipe that is rotatably connected is realized by adopting rotational driving device, and this rotational driving device is easy to provide on traditional workover rig.As the parts of BHA, can also be provided for measuring oil well condition (casing collar locator (CCL), pressure, temperature and other measuring instruments), be used for the dynamic shaft bottom of stimulation work parameter, reservoir performance and/or the oil well measuring instrument under the real-time monitor well.

Except the mechanical guiding device that can reset, when handling, other water conservancy diversion material/devices can also be pumped into the down-hole, this is including, but not limited to following material: ball sealer or particle, for example sand, ceramic materials, proppant, salt, wax, resin or other organic or inorganic compounds, or alternative fluid system, the for example fluid of viscous fluid, gel fluid, foam or other chemical compositions, or other diverting agents that can inject.Additional water conservancy diversion material can be used to help to reduce the duration of stimulation treatment, because can save time by the number of times that is provided with that reduces mechanical guiding device, still obtains the water conservancy diversion effect on a plurality of zones simultaneously.For example, in 3,000 feet interval, handle nominal ground and separate each zone of 100 feet, it is desirable in well, upwards increase by 500 feet and locate to adopt the mechanical guiding device that to reset, with the diverting agent that carries in the treatment fluid each level in these six grades is carried out water conservancy diversion then.Form as an alternative can be used the limited technology that enters to a plurality of intervals as the child group of the processed total interval of desire.The number of times that these different schemes all can reduce the machinery setting of mechanical guiding device also can prolong its useful life.

If as arrangement apparatus, then oil pipe can allow to be provided with the down-hole mixing arrangement and be easy to use the down-hole hybrid technology with tubing string.Especially, the usable oils tubing string is pumped into the down-hole with chemical substance and makes it liquid head piece by downhole tool combination, then to mix with fluid in being pumped into oil pipe by the production casing annular space.For example, in fluid power frac treatment process, it is desirable to be pumped into nitrogen or carbon dioxide in the oil pipe of down-hole and make it to mix, make it possible to provide the backflow that nitrogen is auxiliary or carbon dioxide is auxiliary with down-hole treatment liquid.

This method and apparatus can be used in handles vertical shaft, inclined shaft or horizontal well.For example, the invention provides a kind of method, can generation intersect the fracturing fracture of a plurality of vertical (the perhaps approximate vertical) that run through with horizontal well or inclined shaft.This technology can be in single base position more economically to many mouthfuls of oil well completions.Can also realize like this processing to many wells, the well of wherein ramus profundus is at first processed; Stopper then is set or starts sleeve to isolate this well of minimum; Handle the next Zhi Jing that makes progress along well bore then; It is stifled or start sleeve to isolate this that plug is set once more; Repeat these steps then to handle the Zhi Jing of the requirement in single pit shaft.

If adopted the perforating gun of selectivity emission, although the perforating gun of selectivity emission is desirable from the quantity that allows to processed interval reaches maximum viewpoint, but compare with the rifle that employing is long, adopt short arm (for example length is 4 feet or shorter) can limit the oil well production rate in some cases, because the pressure drop near the pit shaft oil reservoirs zone having caused increases.Only short interval (for example length is 4 feet or shorter) is carried out perforation if adopt grinding to spray, then the oil well production rate is restricted too.Also can increase the possibility of excessive proppant backflow, and this can cause reducing effect of increasing production.Described backflow is preferably under the in check low rate to be carried out, to limit possible proppant backflow.According to the backflow result, can adopt the proppant of resin-coating or other rifle structure to increase effect of increasing production.

In addition, if adopt oil pipe or cable as arrangement apparatus, for helping to reduce when fluid is pumped into the side outlet inlet, the possibility that issuable unfavorable proppant corrodes on oil pipe or cable owing to the direct impact of the fluid that contains proppant can be installed at well head by " spacer assembly ".This spacer assembly can be made of the flange that has the short oil pipe, and extends downwardly into the position of several feet of inlet belows along the center of well head.Downhole tool combination and oil pipe or cable can move in the spacer assembly oil pipe.Like this, the oil pipe of spacer assembly just can make proppant turn to and oil pipe or cable are isolated the direct impact that is not subjected to proppant.This spacer assembly can be made of the pipeline of suitable diameter, makes it can convey oil pipe or cable and downhole tool at an easy rate and makes up corresponding maximum outside diameter size and pass through in the clear.The length of this spacer assembly can be processed into and make that the main pressure break valve of bottom still can be closed under situation about damaging, and can pull down wellhead equipment as required to remove isolating tool.According to stimulation fluids and method for implanting,, also can not need spacer assembly if do not consider corrosion.Although the field test of spacer assembly do not demonstrated can produce etching problem, according to job design, existence may produce corrosion-damaged risk to the isolating tool plumbing installation, and this corrosion can make the dismounting difficulty of isolating tool.If adopted isolating tool, best way is that the speed that will impact on the isolating tool remains under the general corrosion limit, preferably is lower than about 180 feet per seconds, more preferably is lower than about 60 feet per seconds.

Other factors that this Technology Need is considered are: if can not measure fluid displacement rightly in the pumping process, just too early sand fallout may take place, to desire to be begun to launch a crack by the fluid that contains proppant in next zone of perforation may be difficult with striding across because want.It is desirable to adopt KCl fluid or other ungelled fluid systems to make prepad fluid and need not gelatinous prepad fluid, launch next regional pressure break beginning better.Between at different levels at a relatively high speed in operation pumping inject the ungelled fluid to form eddy current flush/clear sleeve pipe, will reduce the risk of proppant sand fallout.In addition, on tool string, also be provided with standby rifle, continue after the suitable stand-by period, can make operation.

Although the foregoing description mainly is the advantage that is produced when method of the present invention is used for the fluid power frac treatment, this should not be construed as the invention of restriction claim defined, the present invention can be applicable in any case following, promptly wherein carries out perforation and other wellbore operations in single following well operations.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not special many variation of describing also can be used as the function equivalent of realizing the object of the invention among the embodiment.

Claims (72)

1. method that a plurality of intervals that are used for one or more subsurface formations of intersecting with pit shaft carry out perforation and processing, described method comprises:

(a) arrange the downhole tool combination (" BHA ") that is connected on the tubing string in described pit shaft, described BHA has a perforating system and a sealing device;

(b) adopt described perforating system that at least one interval of described one or more subsurface formations is carried out perforation;

(c) described BHA is positioned in the described pit shaft, and starts described sealing device, thus described at least one perforation interval below set up liquid seal;

(d) with treatment fluid along the downward pumping of annular space between described tubing string and the described pit shaft and it is flowed in the perforation that is formed by described perforating system, and will from described pit shaft, not take out by described perforating system;

(e) discharge described sealing device; And

(f) another interval at least for described one or more subsurface formations repeats step (b) to (e).

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described tubing string is a flexible pipe.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described tubing string is the oil pipe that joint connects.

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described BHA also comprises casing collar locator (CCL).

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described perforating system is the perforating gun of selectivity emission, and this perforating gun comprises many group perforating bullets, and each group perforating bullet is made of one or more lined-cavity charges; Each group of the described group that is made of one or more lined-cavity charges is all controlled individually by electricity by being arranged in the cable transmission in the pit shaft or optical signal and is started.

6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described perforating system is to spray cutter sweep, and this cutter sweep uses the fluid along the downward pumping of described tubing string, sets up fluid connection between described one or more intervals of described pit shaft and described one or more subsurface formations.

7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid by the liquid head piece on the described BHA, and flows into described perforation also along the downward pumping of described tubing string.

8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, second treatment fluid by the liquid head piece on the described BHA, and flows into described perforation along the downward pumping of described tubing string.

9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described second treatment fluid is a nitrogen.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described sealing device is the packer that can reset.

11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is the thin pulp that has proppant material and carry liquid.

12. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is the fluid that does not comprise proppant.

13. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is an acid solution.

14. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is an organic solvent.

15. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described method is further comprising the steps of, before discharging described sealing device, at least one permeable medium is arranged in the described pit shaft, continues to flow to described perforation to stop up treatment fluid.

16. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, the described permeable medium that is arranged in the described pit shaft is selected from the group that following material is formed: particle, gelinite, viscous fluid, foam and ball sealer.

17. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described sealing device is by being activated from ground through the fluid pressure of control umbilical transmission.

18. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by being activated from ground through the fluid pressure of control umbilical transmission.

19. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by being activated from ground through the fluid pressure of described pit shaft transmission.

20. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by being activated from ground through the fluid pressure of described tubing string transmission.

21. the method that a plurality of intervals that are used for one or more subsurface formations of intersecting with pit shaft carry out perforation and processing, described method comprises:

(a) adopt arrangement apparatus downhole tool to be made up (" BHA ") and be arranged in the described pit shaft, described BHA has a perforating system and a sealing device;

(b) described perforating system being located adjacent to will be by the position of the interval of perforation, and adopts described perforating system that described interval is carried out perforation;

(c) described BHA is positioned in the described pit shaft, and starts described sealing device, thus described at least one perforation interval below set up liquid seal;

(d) with treatment fluid along the downward pumping of annular space between described suspension arrangement and the described pit shaft and it is flowed in the perforation that is formed by described perforating system, and will from described pit shaft, not take out by described perforating system;

(e) discharge described sealing device; With

(f) another interval at least for described one or more subsurface formations repeats step (b) to (e).

22. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described arrangement apparatus is from by selecting the following group of forming: cable, steel wire and cable.

23. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described arrangement apparatus is a tubing string.

24. method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described tubing string is a flexible pipe.

25. method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described tubing string is the oil pipe that joint connects.

26. method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid along the downward pumping of described tubing string, by the liquid head piece on the described BHA, and is flowed into described perforation.

27. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is also by along the downward pumping of annular space between described tubing string and the described pit shaft.

28. method as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, with described treatment fluid along the downward pumping of annular space between described tubing string and the described pit shaft.

29. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described sealing device is the packer that can reset.

30. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is the thin pulp that has proppant material and carry liquid.

31. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is the fluid that does not comprise proppant.

32. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is an acid solution.

33. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is an organic solvent.

34. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described perforating system is the perforating gun of selectivity emission, and this perforating gun comprises many group perforating bullets, and each group perforating bullet is made up of one or more lined-cavity charges; Each group in the described group of being made up of one or more cumulative bullet perforating bullets is all controlled separately by electricity by being arranged in the cable transmission in the pit shaft or optical signal and is started.

35. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by being activated from ground through the fluid pressure of described pit shaft transmission.

36. method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by being activated from ground through the fluid pressure of described tubing string transmission.

37. method as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, described perforating system is to spray cutter sweep, this sprays the fluid of cutter sweep employing along the downward pumping of described tubing string, to set up fluid connection between described one or more intervals of described pit shaft and described one or more subsurface formations.

38. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described method is further comprising the steps of, before discharging described sealing device, at least one permeable medium is arranged in the described pit shaft, prevents that to stop up treatment fluid it from continuing to flow to described perforation.

39. method as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, the described permeable medium that is arranged in the described pit shaft is selected from the group of being made up of following material: particle, gelinite, viscous fluid, foam and ball sealer.

40. the stimulation treatment system that a plurality of intervals that are used for one or more subsurface formations of intersecting with pit shaft carry out perforation and processing, described system comprises:

(a) treatment fluid;

(b) step is put the arrangement apparatus in described pit shaft;

(c) downhole tool combination (BHA), it is suitable for being disposed in the described pit shaft with described arrangement apparatus, described BHA has at least one perforating system and a sealing device of being used in turn described a plurality of intervals being carried out perforation, described BHA can be located in the described pit shaft, so that described perforating system and described sealing device start;

(d) described sealing device can be set up liquid seal in the above and below of described sealing device, can also discharge described liquid seal so that described BHA moves to the diverse location in the described pit shaft, thereby make each interval of described a plurality of processing intervals all use the described treatment fluid of keeping apart to handle with described other processing intervals.

41. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described arrangement apparatus is a tubing string.

42. system as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that, described tubing string is a flexible pipe.

43. system as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that, described tubing string is the oil pipe that joint connects.

44. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described arrangement apparatus is from selecting the group down: cable, steel wire and cable.

45. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described BHA also comprises casing collar locator (CCL).

46. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described perforating system is the perforating gun of selectivity emission, and this perforating gun comprises many group perforating bullets, and each group perforating bullet all is made up of one or more lined-cavity charges; Each group in described many groups perforating bullet of being made up of one or more lined-cavity charges is all controlled individually by electricity by being arranged in the cable transmission in the pit shaft or optical signal and is started.

47. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described sealing device is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of control umbilical transmission.

48. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of control umbilical transmission.

49. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of described pit shaft transmission.

50. system as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of described tubing string transmission.

51. system as claimed in claim 41, it is characterized in that, described perforating system is to spray cutter sweep, this sprays the fluid of cutter sweep employing along the downward pumping of described tubing string, to set up fluid connection between described one or more intervals of described pit shaft and described one or more subsurface formations.

52. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described sealing device is the packer that can reset.

53. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is the thin pulp that has proppant material and carry liquid.

54. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is the fluid that does not comprise proppant.

55. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is an acid solution.

56. system as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described treatment fluid is an organic solvent.

57. the device that a plurality of intervals that are used for one or more subsurface formations of intersecting with pit shaft carry out perforation and processing, described device comprises:

(a) downhole tool combination (BHA), it is suitable for being disposed in the described pit shaft by described arrangement apparatus, and described BHA has at least one perforating system and at least one sealing device of being used in turn described a plurality of intervals being carried out perforation; And

(b) described sealing device can be set up liquid seal in described pit shaft, can also discharge described liquid seal so that described BHA moves to the diverse location in the described pit shaft, thereby each interval of described a plurality of processing intervals is all handled with described other processing intervals with keeping apart.

58. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described arrangement apparatus is a tubing string.

59. device as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, described tubing string is a flexible pipe.

60. device as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, described tubing string is the oil pipe that joint connects.

61. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described arrangement apparatus is from selecting the group down: cable, steel wire and cable.

62. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described BHA also comprises casing collar locator (CCL).

63. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described sealing device is the packer that can reset.

64. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described perforating system is the perforating gun of selectivity emission, and this perforating gun comprises many group perforating bullets, and each group perforating bullet all is made up of one or more lined-cavity charges; Described each group of being made up of one or more lined-cavity charges is all by controlling individually by the signal of telecommunication that is arranged in the cable transmission in the pit shaft and starting.

65. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of described pit shaft transmission.

66. device as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, described perforating system is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of described tubing string transmission.

67. device as claimed in claim 58, it is characterized in that, described perforating system is to spray cutter sweep, this sprays the fluid of cutter sweep employing along the downward pumping of described tubing string, to set up fluid connection between described one or more intervals of described pit shaft and described one or more subsurface formations.

68. the device that a plurality of intervals that are used for one or more subsurface formations of intersecting with pit shaft carry out perforation and processing, described device comprises:

(a) downhole tool combination, it has at least one perforating system that is used in turn described a plurality of intervals being carried out perforation, at least one sealing device and at least one draw-gear;

(b) described draw-gear can be positioned at described BHA the diverse location in the described pit shaft; And

(c) described sealing device can be set up liquid seal in described pit shaft, can also discharge described liquid seal so that described BHA moves to the diverse location in the described pit shaft, thus make described a plurality of processing intervals each all handled with other described processing intervals with keeping apart.

69., it is characterized in that described BHA also comprises casing collar locator (CCL) as the described device of claim 68.

70., it is characterized in that described sealing device is the packer that can reset as the described device of claim 68.

71., it is characterized in that described perforating system is the perforating gun of selectivity emission as the described device of claim 68, this perforating gun comprises many group perforating bullets, each group all is made up of one or more lined-cavity charges; Each group in the described group of being made up of one or more lined-cavity charges is all controlled by the signal of telecommunication of putting the cable transmission in pit shaft by the step and is started.

72., it is characterized in that described perforating system is by starting from ground through the fluid pressure of described pit shaft transmission as the described device of claim 68.

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