CN1415044A - 用于连续导向钻孔的一体式发送器测量和钻孔同步进行(swb)的挖壕动力装置 - Google Patents
用于连续导向钻孔的一体式发送器测量和钻孔同步进行(swb)的挖壕动力装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于沿水平方向钻孔的底孔总成(10),该底孔总成借助探测器(108)跟踪和监测钻孔过程提高了钻孔测量精度。在一个实施例中,探测器(108)容置在围绕轴承心轴(18)的泥浆机(12)外套部(41)的壁内,在另一个实施例中,探测器(108)安装在围绕轴承心轴套(18)的轴套(126)的壁内,在又一实施例中,探测器(108)安装在轴承心轴(18)和钻头(11)之间的管接头(131)中。
Description
本申请要求申请号为60/174,487、申请日为2000年1月4日的美国临时申请,和申请号为60/203,040、申请日为2000年5月9日的美国临时申请的优先权。
发明背景
本发明涉及沿水平方向钻孔,并特别涉及实施该钻孔技术的底孔总成的改进。
现有技术
水平方向钻孔法是公知技术,并大大优于传统开沟挖掘工作。在钻孔时需要对孔的轨迹进行较高精度的监测和导向,在常常不以其应有的位置设置预设管线并“作为建造(as built)”记录的公共建筑物如通道中更是如此。
这里所使用的术语“探测器”和“监测/跟踪器”用于表示在无沟钻孔业中公知的作为用于监测和跟踪钻孔的测量装置。术语“钻孔装置”指的是设备如岩石三角钻头、多-金刚石-水晶(PDC)钻头,或本领域中公知的用于钻孔或延长孔的任何其他装置。最后,术语“挖壕动力装置”和“泥浆电动机”指的是本领域公知的用于转动钻孔装置的机器,不旋转钻管/钻柱,通过一些类型的钻塔连续钻孔。
公知的沿水平方向钻底孔总成通常包括传递电磁信号的探测器,该电磁信号表示倾斜度(相对水平方向的)、时钟(由12点为参考绕水平轴顺时针或反时针方向转动)以及探测器的深度。探测器还可使人用接收器或探测器扫过通路以便在特定通路中设置探测器的水平或横向位置。
由于通用工具的限制,当使用挖壕动力装置时,发送器/导向系统或探测器通常设置在远离钻孔装置的位置。探测器可以距离钻孔机近到大约20英尺以及远到大约50英尺。这是由于挖壕动力装置通常没有设计成包括一体式的探测器。在公共事业中,探测器和钻孔装置之间的距离是钻孔机的主要问题,特别是当以关于钻孔路径的非常严格参数进行作业时。
探测器传递表示探测器位置在钻孔装置之后20英尺处的信号。这种钻孔被描述成开动小汽车由后座看后窗外。钻机仅“看到”其已钻的位置,而看不到其当前钻的位置。如果钻孔装置偏离轨迹并开始钻已设计通道之外的部分,这就成为主要问题了。直到钻孔装置偏离轨迹20英尺时,操作者才知道存在潜在问题了。如果钻孔机等待较长时间来判断钻孔装置是否回到轨迹上,则钻孔装置会继续偏离轨迹线。这带来钻机会破坏电缆线、煤气管道、或类似物的危险,并且如果发生了这样的破坏,则不仅浪费大而且发生危险。
发明概述
本发明提供一种改进的用于沿水平方向钻孔的底孔总成,其中探测器安装在挖壕动力装置或泥浆机的动力部分前面。在给出优选实施例中,探测器设置在挖壕动力装置套的壁内的凹部中,该套壁围绕轴承心轴或钻头传动轴。特别是,探测器容纳凹部沿轴向设置在支撑心轴的推力轴承和将动力部分与心轴连接的弯曲轴传动装置之间。将探测器设置在靠前的位置大大提高了钻孔的测量精度,以便于使孔和终止线(ultimate line)位于预期路径上。
公开的探测器安装结构便于探测器作合适时钟方向的调整,并且限制了在工作中传递给探测器的振动力。
公开了探测器的其他安装结构。通过将探测器设置在较靠近钻孔装置的位置而使这些结构中的每个结构具有高于现有技术结构的钻孔精度。
附图简要说明
图1是底孔总成和一部分拖钻柱的侧视图;
图2A至2D是本发明泥浆机的纵向剖视图;
图3是一部分泥浆机和探测器的分解立体图;
图4是沿图2B所示平面4-4的泥浆机的横向剖视图;
图5是本发明第二实施例的部分侧剖视图;
图6是本发明第三实施例的部分侧剖视图;
优选实施例
特别参照图1、2A-2D、5和6,向着左面的部件在下文中指的是钻孔方向的前方部件,可以理解为在这些图中,钻孔方向是朝着左面;相反,这些部件的后端或尾端显示在右面。在垂直钻孔时,向前的方向等于向下的方向,向后的方向可以是向上的方向。
现在参照图1,底孔总成10包括钻孔装置或钻头11和其前端装有钻头11的挖壕动力装置或泥浆电动机12。钻柱13以普通方式连接泥浆电动机12的尾端14。
如图2A-2D所示,泥浆电动机12包括具有中心通孔19的中空圆柱形轴承心轴18。钻头11连接设置在轴承心轴18前端的钻头套21。因此,轴承心轴18能驱动钻头11旋转并传递来自钻柱13的推力。
靠近其前端22,通过一组径向轴承组24将轴承心轴18旋转支撑在下管形圆柱套23内。轴承心轴18的圆锥肩部28容置在径向环31的圆锥孔29内。环31的径向面设置成靠近该径向轴承组24中之一。下套或前套23的阳螺纹36与长中空圆形外套41的前端39中的阴螺纹连接。
推力轴承组44、46装配在承载螺母47上,处于环形凸缘48相对侧的。承载螺母47装在轴承心轴18的外螺纹部49上。通过围绕凸缘48周围间隔设置的螺钉51将承载螺母47锁定在轴承心轴18上的适当位置。
套筒轴承53,具有合适自润滑材料如以注册商标DU销售的材料,容置于在外套41中形成的沉孔54内并用于旋转支撑轴承心轴18的中段和尾段。圆形外套41内的纵向孔56形成轴承心轴18主段的间隙。
环形柱塞59在外套41沉孔61中的心轴18后部上的浮动。柱塞59保持轴承53、44和46环形区域中的润滑剂。环形轴承管接头62通过螺纹安装在轴承心轴18的后端上。绕管接头62的圆周分布有多个孔63,这些孔62通过倾斜钻孔或其他方法形成在管接头内以使泥浆由管接头外部流向其中心孔64。如图所示,中心孔64直接与轴承心轴18的孔19相连。轴承管接头62受到套筒型海上(marine)轴承66径向支撑而旋转,轴承66组装在外套41后部的沉孔67中。端口68供泥浆流穿过海上轴承66而起到冷却的目的。
弯曲轴71将转子管接头72与轴承管接头62旋转连接。在弯曲轴71的每端是常速度通用联轴节73,通用联轴节73包括一系列沿圆周间隔的滚珠74,滚珠74安装于弯曲轴的窝内和轴承管接头62裙部76或转子管接头72裙部77中的轴向延伸槽内。每个连接或通用联轴节73还包括在弯曲轴轴线上的滚珠78和容置在相应轴承管接头62或转子管接头72中的滚珠座79。每个通用联轴节73包括通过螺纹安装在每个裙部76或77中的管罩81,以便保持联轴节或接头73处于装配状态。圆柱形弹性套82设置在每个管罩81内以保持滚珠74、78范围内的油脂并将污染物排除在该范围之外。圆柱形管形弯曲套84围绕弯曲轴71并通过螺纹将其安装在联轴节86处的外套41后端。弯曲轴84在中平面87处弯曲,使得其后端处的中心轴不与其前端处的中心轴成直线,而是成小的角度,例如2°。在其后端,弯曲套84通过螺纹联轴节91固定于泥浆电动机12动力部分89的定子或套88上。定子88为中空内凹槽件,外凹槽电动机92在其中工作。由定子88形成的动力部分89和转子92具有公知的结构和运转方式。转子管接头72通过螺纹安装在电动机92前端以便将这些部件旋转连接在一起。钻柱13通过螺纹安装在定子的后端,可采用或也可不采用管接头。弯曲轴71将电动机92的旋转和轨道运动转换成轴承心轴18的单纯转动。
特别参照图3和4,外套41由在推力轴承组44、46后部的凹部或长凹槽101构成。在外套41的外壁磨削或以其他方式切出凹部101,在与套41纵轴垂直的图4所示平面中,凹部具有90°包角。围绕凹部101的是以类似方式在套41壁中切出的较浅座或凹槽102。当在图4所示的平面看时,该座具有与套41轴线同心的圆柱形弧形区域103和径向延伸面104。
由聚氨酯或其他合适材料制成的弹性石棺形件106具有通常符合凹部101表面的外表面。石棺形件106具有用于容置探测器108的圆形底槽107。特别是,槽107成一定比例构成以容置直径为1-1/4″直径、长度为19″大小的标准商用探测器。可以理解石棺形件具有槽以适合具有其他标准尺寸的探测器,如直径为1″、长度为8″的探测器,或者可以设置副石棺形件以将小探测器的有效尺寸增大到大探测器的尺寸。由钢或其他合适材料构成的弧形盖板109按比例安装在座102的区域内以覆盖和保护探测器在钻孔工作中不受到损坏。当盖109安装在座102中时,盖109按比例形成外圆柱表面111,外圆柱表面111位于与套41外圆柱表面的半径相同的半径上而围绕凹部或狭槽101。盖109具有多个纵向通狭缝112,以提供由探测器108传递电磁信号的通路。狭缝112中填充有非金属材料如环氧树脂,以便防止污物进入凹部101或接触探测器108。此外,为了使探测器在较大的角度范围上传递信号,套41上钻有孔113,孔113内填充有环氧树脂或其他非金属密封胶。围绕凹部101在表面103中切出成普通矩形的浅槽114,用于容置O环密封垫116。
石棺形件中的圆形底槽或槽107具有所需尺寸以便形成与探测器108的摩擦配合。这使探测器108得以在其纵轴线上旋转或滚动,以便以本领域中公知的方式通过记录其关于弯曲套84中弯曲面的角度方向而对其进行“记录”。
通过装配在盖中的通孔118内的并与形成在外套41中的螺纹孔119成一直线的多个螺钉117,将盖或板109固定在探测器108上方。螺钉孔118、119绕盖109的周围分布。O环116靠在盖109内表面上进行密封以防止在钻孔工作中使污物进入凹部101。
石棺形件106具有一定比例,使得当拧入螺钉117而使盖紧紧地靠在座表面103上时,由盖109将石棺形件106围绕探测器108压紧。石棺形件106的压紧提高了它在探测器108上的握紧力,使探测器锁定在其调整的“记录(clocked)”位置。石棺形件106的弹性除了使其在由盖109压紧时呈弹性握紧探测器外,还可在钻孔工作中对探测器108起缓冲作用以防止振动力过大。
可以考虑探测器108的其他弹性安装结构。例如,当将探测器108放在凹部101内时,可以通过设置放在探测器108上的弹性钢片而将该探测器保持在凹部101内。该片可以通过合适的螺钉或其它零件固定住。
当泥浆电动机12工作时,穿过定子88和转子92之间的泥浆或水流过由弯曲套84、外套41和下套23围绕的泥浆电动机的传动和轴承部,并流入钻头11。特别是,泥浆流过弯曲轴套71和弯曲套84的内孔120之间的环形部。泥浆由该环形部通过成一定角度钻的孔63流入轴承管接头的中心孔64。泥浆由该孔64流过轴承心轴18的轴向孔19。
由上述说明可见,所公开的结构是探测器容置于主套部分即外套41的壁中,可以采用最少的金属件和简单结构将探测器设置得非常靠近钻头11。可见泥浆由动力部分89流向钻头11的流动不受限制,传动部分的直径不必要加大到超过必要的轴承和其他部件所需的尺寸。通过设置探测器108并使其靠近钻头11,获得的监测和跟踪钻孔过程行进精度大大高于现有技术。
本领域的技术人员都知道,要操作泥浆电动机以控制管钻柱沿其理想路径运动。一般,为了调整钻孔方向,钻柱旋转以将钻头指向需要调整的方向上。钻头的方向通过探测器传递给表面接收器。当泥浆电动机转动钻头并且将钻柱向前推以重新定钻孔的方向时,钻柱被固定而不旋转。公开的泥浆电动机具有能通过设置在前面的推力轴承组44实现的独特功能。当钻柱被从孔中拔出时,这些轴承44使泥浆电动机工作以旋转钻头11,使得在该拔出过程中,可以用扩孔装置方便地将孔铰大。
图5和6显示了本发明的其他实施例。那些与参照图1-4中实施例所描述部件相同的部件采用相同标号。在图5中,绕套127装配容置探测器108的管形圆柱轴套126,套127对应图1-4中的实施例的外套41。轴套126由钢材或其他材料构成。通过将固定螺钉28拧入轴套126壁并使其容置于在套127壁中钻出的盲孔129中,而沿纵向关于套127成一角度安装轴套126。如上所述,探测器108容置在石棺形件106中并由盖109保护。除了固定螺钉128外,还可采用其他各种技术以将轴套126固定在套127上。轴套127可以通过螺纹安装在套127上,例如套具有外螺纹和止动肩部。另外一种技术是将轴套126焊接在套127上。如果需要或有必要。探测器108可以装配在与轴套126轴线成直线的孔内并在一端打开。在使用中,开口中可以塞入合适的填塞物。
图6显示了本发明另一个实施例。管接头131设置在轴承心轴18和钻头11之间。管接头131具有与钻头套21配合的外螺纹和容纳钻头11的内螺纹。管接头131具有用于容纳探测器108的凹部101。管接头131具有将泥浆由轴承心轴18输送到钻头11的中心孔。如果需要,可以使用轴向孔取代开口的凹部101以容纳探测器108,并且孔中可以塞入合适的填塞物。此外,如果需要将探测器108设置在管接头131的中心,可以钻出或轴向穿过管接头形成的以及关于探测器沿圆周方向间隔的水通道,以便使泥浆穿过管接头。
尽管已经参照特别实施例对本发明进行了说明,但是其目的在于图示说明而不是为了限定,对本领域的技术人员来说显而易见,这里所示的特别实施例可以有在本发明精神和范围内的其他变化和改变。因此,本专利既不限于这里显示和说明的特别实施例的范围和效果,也不限于与本领域中本发明改进的范围不一致的任何其他方式。
Claims (8)
1、一种用于水平钻孔的底孔总成,包括具有安装在其前端的钻头的泥浆电动机,该泥浆电动机包括轴向延伸轴承、传动和动力部分,所述部分包括弯曲套、沿轴向旋转支撑在轴承部分上的轴向延伸轴承心轴和向表面发出其位置和关于其方向的其他数据的电磁信号的探测器,所述轴承部分和动力部分具有彼此相互成一小角度的相应轴线,所述钻头安装在轴承心轴上,所述传动部分由动力部分向轴承心轴传递扭矩以旋转带动钻头,所述探测器位于底孔总成上并处于钻头和动力部分之间。
2、如权利要求1所述的底孔总成,其中探测器设置在由轴承心轴端部限定的空间内。
3、如权利要求1所述的底孔总成,其中所述轴承部分包括轴承,所述轴承旋转支撑所述轴承心轴以使其绕轴线旋转并且具有外半径,所述探测器放置在由所述轴承的外半径所限定的区域内。
4、如权利要求3所述的底孔总成,其中所述探测器位于所述轴承的尾部。
5、一种用于沿水平方向钻孔的泥浆电动机,包括轴承部分、传动部分和动力部分,所述轴承部分包括带动钻头的轴和对所述轴径向和轴向支撑的轴承结构,所述动力部分包括转子,所述转子由从钻柱接受的泥浆液压力带动工作,所述传动部分由动力部分的转子向轴传递动力,所述轴承、传动和动力部分具有相应环绕套区域,探测器安装在所述动力部分前部的套区域上。
6、如权利要求5所述的泥浆电动机,其中与轴承部分相关的套区域围绕轴,所述轴围绕套区域具有包括凹部的壁,所述探测器设置在所述凹部内。
7、如权利要求6所述的泥浆电动机,包括盖,所述盖放置在凹部上以保护探测器可拆装式固定在轴围绕套区域中。
8、如权利要求7所述的泥浆电动机,其中采用多个拧入所述轴围绕套区域的螺钉将所述盖固定于所述围绕套区域。
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US60/203,040 | 2000-05-09 | ||
US09/617,189 US6349778B1 (en) | 2000-01-04 | 2000-07-14 | Integrated transmitter surveying while boring entrenching powering device for the continuation of a guided bore hole |
US09/617,189 | 2000-07-14 |
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CN1415044A true CN1415044A (zh) | 2003-04-30 |
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CN (1) | CN1274939C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE316603T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU757190B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0016898B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2395753C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60025763T2 (zh) |
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CN1985066B (zh) * | 2004-04-30 | 2011-06-01 | 艾斯泰克工业股份有限公司 | 改良型水平定向钻探组件器械与方法 |
CN105189924A (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-23 | 默林科技股份有限公司 | 定向钻井通信协议、设备以及方法 |
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CN114370231A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-19 | 深圳市钻通工程机械股份有限公司 | 一种双轴驱动无线信号可变弯角式导向钻头 |
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BR0016898B1 (pt) | 2011-05-03 |
EP1248893A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
US20020053471A1 (en) | 2002-05-09 |
JP3732442B2 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
EP1248893A4 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
WO2001049965A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
CA2395753C (en) | 2006-05-23 |
US6349778B1 (en) | 2002-02-26 |
JP2003519304A (ja) | 2003-06-17 |
BR0016898A (pt) | 2002-10-15 |
ES2256083T3 (es) | 2006-07-16 |
AU2452501A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
CN1274939C (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
AU757190B2 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
US6749030B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
CA2395753A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
EP1248893B1 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
ATE316603T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
DE60025763T2 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
DE60025763D1 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
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