CN1407275A

CN1407275A - Ash fusion devices

Info

Publication number: CN1407275A
Application number: CN02106569A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 三之尻等; 东海芳夫; 冈本真一
Original assignee: Ji Lunzhang; Hikari Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ji Lunzhang; Hikari Tech Co Ltd
Priority date: 2001-08-29
Filing date: 2002-02-28
Publication date: 2003-04-02
Also published as: EP1288569A3; KR20030019046A; TW542884B; CA2365597A1; EP1288569A2; JP2003074828A; US20030041788A1

Abstract

An ash melting device employing the means of using a crucible with a three-layer structure, using an auxiliary burner for prevention of the lowering of temperature in the vicinity of the discharge outlet, employing furnace walls with a four-layer structure to improve the heat insulating property and thereby improve the durability, providing lids at both the left and right sides to enable the crucible to be taken out readily, etc. This ash melting device is intended to significantly improve durability even after a long period of use at a high temperature of 1600 to 1700 DEG C or more, to resolve the problem of prevention of use of the melting furnace due to clogging of the vicinity of the discharge outlet by the cooling and solidification of the ash melt, to reduce fuel cost by the improvements in thermal efficiency through improvement of the heat insulating property of the furnace walls, and to enable the crucible to be exchanged readily in a short time.

Description

Ash fusion devices

Technical field

The present invention relates to ash fusion devices, especially the high-performance device that relates to a kind of like this Miniaturizable, promptly this device is not so that have to poison also can reuse for purpose and with ash fusion and become particle, bulk or fibrous because of incinerating ashes that industrial refuse, household garbage etc. produce.

Background technology

In recent years, abandoning from contained dioxin such as the ashes after the discarded incineration of garbage of family, factory, hospital etc., heavy metal, hypodermic needle etc. in the environment and polluted environment, this has become serious social concern, and people are seeking to handle the mode of this rubbish.

Made it harmless method as handling above-mentioned incineration ashes rubbish mode ground with having known fusion, solidify and reduced volume.For example, in patent application publication number 2000-324734, disclosed ash fusion devices shown in Figure 1, it has disclosed a kind of like this ash fusion devices, it is characterized in that, in such smelting furnace, promptly have floss hole 13 and throw and it is housed on body of heater 1 of ash mouthfuls 5 near central authorities, has a lid 2 that uses the burner portion 3 that propane flammable gas, butagas or other oil gas or city air feed and oxygen acts as a fuel at one, be provided with a removable individual layer crucible 4 on the body of heater innermost layer, the peristome of crucible 4 is towards lid 2 sides.

Illustrate in greater detail the present invention referring to Fig. 1, from the most inboard, the furnace wall of body of heater 1 is made of crucible 4, fluidisation sand 11, first refractory layer 8, second refractory layer 9, the 3rd refractory layer 10 and iron-clad 12.Throwing ash mouth 5 is arranged near the body of heater 1 side central authorities, crucible highlight bar 6 is arranged on the right side, and the floss hole 13 of discharging fused mass 14 and gas is arranged on the lower left, and thermometer 7 is arranged on the upper left side, thereby, formed fused mass 14 not contacting on the position, crucible 4 whereabouts 18 of floss hole 13 walls 16.

For example use the heat resistant type graphite carborundum crucible etc. of the carborundum of Japanese crucible Co., Ltd that sell and carbon that contain 30%-55% and 30%-50% as crucible 4 ground, this crucible forms by making preliminary dimension and curing subsequently.The refractory material that can cast, crucible or refractory brick etc. can be used to first refractory layer 8 and second refractory layer 9, and the material that hear resistance is stronger can be used to first refractory layer 8.The refractory material that dividing plate maybe can be cast etc. can be used to the 3rd refractory layer 10.

Lid 2 is the same with body of heater 1, and it is made of first refractory layer 8, second refractory layer 9, the 3rd refractory layer 10 and iron-clad 12 with beginning from the inboard.Burner 3 is arranged on the center, and it can be like a cork open and close and can be by bolt etc. able to turn on or off and seamlessly be fixed on the body of heater 1 with the hinge that is positioned at the side, as shown in Figure 1.

The used burner 3 of the present invention is used as fuel, the mode of preferably utilizing approaching minor amounts of oxygen of equivalent or air to carry out completing combustion to oil gas such as propane flammable gas, butagas.The waste gas that produces because of gas combustion is cleaner, and owing to gas is blown into lower pressure from burner 3, so dust is few, so also can reduce the contained ashes amount of waste gas.In the position upslide ash charge that becomes maximum temperature near flame front ground crucible 4 central authorities of burner 3.

In order to make the smelting furnace work of above-mentioned patent application shown in Figure 1, with situation shown in Figure 1 is example, in the gaseous mixture that from burner 3, is blown into the approaching oxygen of propane flammable gas and equivalent, light gaseous mixture, determine that by thermometer 7 temperature has reached about 1600 ℃ state of a control in the stove, subsequently, when dropping into when burning ash from throwing ash mouthfuls 5, low because flame is blown into speed, dust is few, thereby, reach a high temperature easily and make ash fusion thus apace.Then, fused mass 14 becomes pasty state liquid and falls into water 15 from floss hole 13 and forms graininess., if do not put into water but be placed on air, make bulk through slow cooling here, perhaps can stretchedly be made into fibrously, they can be used as concrete aggregation or reinforcement material effectively.

Therefore, in this patent application, use and loss and must change the time when crucible 4 is long-term, after having cooled off smelting furnace, be opened to almost at lid under 180 ° the state, body of heater 1 is rotated for middle heart with side extending projection portion 17 and make lid 2 down, subsequently, rotate when promoting crucible 4 when hydraulic-driven crucible highlight bar 6 or by hand screw, add that fluidisation sand 11 makes land used and can easily take out crucible 4 and also change easily.

In addition, the ash fusion devices of above-mentioned patent application can body of heater 1 jut 17 be fixed rotationally for the center.Body of heater 1 gradient can freely be set, so that can adjust the discharge rate of fused mass 14.Also put down in writing following content, promptly preferably be provided with from the teeth outwards with the congruent cylindrical shape adhesion-preventing member 19 of crucible to prevent fused mass and adhere on the wall that condenses in floss hole 13 and result in blockage.

Method according to above-mentioned patent application, the heat resistant type graphite carborundum crucible etc. of carborundum that individual layer ground and carbon that contain 30%-55% and 30%-50% that sell Japanese crucible Co., Ltd have been described is as the situation of crucible 4, but when long-time use the under the required about 1600 ℃ of high temperature more than-1700 ℃ of fusion ashes, crucible 4 losses increase sharply, in order to reach the maintenance of several weeks to several months long, repair, must stop the smelting furnace operation, perhaps do not finding to continue operation under the situation that furnace bottom has come off, under extreme occasion, the refractory layer of stove inboard is also destroyed, so that can't continue to use.Because near the temperature the floss hole 13 reduce, ash fusion thing cooled and solidified and stopping up, this has just produced serious problems such as smelting furnace can't use.In addition, there is such problem, heat is imitated quite bad because the furnace wall thermal insulation is not enough, so fuel is wasteful, even if adopted with crucible highlight bar 6 and will go out crucible so that carry out the method that crucible is changed from a thruster, but according to some situation, can not release crucible easily, the cooling when perhaps crucible exchanges needs the time.

In view of the foregoing, the objective of the invention is, even if use for a long time under the high temperature more than-1700 ℃ at 1600 ℃, also can improve durability significantly with comparing in the past, elimination results in blockage because of near the low ash fusion thing of the temperature cooled and solidified the floss hole 13 and can't use problem such as smelting furnace thus, improve the furnace wall thermal insulation and also therefore improve the thermal efficiency and reduce fuel cost, more easily carry out the crucible replacing and also therefore increase work efficiency.

Summary of the invention

For realizing above-mentioned target, the invention provides a kind of ash fusion devices, one its have floss hole and throwing on the body of heater of ash mouthful and have in the smelting furnace of outfit by the lid of burner, be provided with a removable and crucible that constitute by sandwich construction at the innermost layer of described body of heater, the peristome of this crucible is towards the lid side and the fusion ashes at burner place, and fused mass is discharged from through floss hole under the gravity effect.

The drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of an embodiment of art methods.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of one embodiment of the invention.

Specifying of embodiment

Fig. 2 has shown an exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Major part is made of a body of heater 1, lid 2, burner portion 3, crucible 4, throwing ash mouth 5, thermometer 7 etc.

In the above-described embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, with the past mutually that obviously reduce and the crucible that have three-decker of specific consumption as crucible, use an auxiliary burning nozzle to reduce to prevent near the temperature the floss hole 13, employing has the furnace wall of four layers of structure and improves thermal insulation and strengthen durability, lid is arranged on the position of the left and right sides to make things convenient for the taking-up of crucible, has realized improving because of the operating efficiency that cause the cool time that shortens in the crucible replacing process.

Embodiment

The structure of the specific embodiment of the invention is described according to Fig. 2 now.

Though body of heater 1 is preferably cylindrical, it can become four prism type or other polygon prism shape.From the most inboard, first heat insulation layer 21 that the furnace wall constitutes by first refractory layer 20 of five layers of refractory material that promptly adopts to cast etc., by asbestos etc., second heat insulation layer 22 that is made of the refractory material that can cast etc., second heat insulation layer 23 and an iron-clad 12 of being made of asbestos etc. constitute.Throw ash mouth 5 for one and be arranged on body of heater 1 end face, in the back up 25 between first crucible 24 and second crucible 26, be provided with leak sensor 28, monitor explosion and other abnormal conditions of first crucible 24 thus.Lid 2 is arranged on the position of the left and right sides, and the floss hole 13 of discharging fused mass 14 and gas is arranged on the lower left, and thermometer 7 is arranged on the upper left side, has formed fused mass 14 not contacting on the position, crucible 4 whereabouts 18 of floss hole 13 walls 16.

Crucible 4 for example has 26 at least three layers of first crucible 24, back up 25 and second crucibles from the inboard.As first crucible 24, for example can use superhigh temperature resistant type crucible such as aluminium titanates, aluminium oxide, zirconia or a magnesia type crucible that can stand about 1700 ℃ of-2400 ℃ of high temperature.As back up 25, can use the heat-resisting sand of magnesia cement series, as second crucible 26, can use common graphite carborundum crucible as the carborundum of Japanese crucible limited liability company system carbon that make and that contain 30%-55% and about 305-50%.At least by using this three-decker, can utilize the advantage that the cracking that caused by thermal shock can not take place because the thermal conductivity of graphite carborundum crucible in the past is very high.Superhigh temperature resistant type first crucible 24 is used as the part that contacts with the fusion ashes of innermost layer and has used the high adiabatic back up 25 of continuous heat resistance outside it, extraordinary high temperature and long-term durability can be obtained thus, the replacing number of times of the crucible that must frequently change in the past can be significantly reduced.Certainly, if crucible 4 has the structure more than three layers, then can obtain better effect.

Lid 2 places on the position of the left and right sides, the same with body of heater 1, first heat insulation layer 21 that each lid constitutes by first refractory layer 20 of five layers of refractory material that promptly uses to cast etc., by asbestos etc., second heat insulation layer of being made up of the refractory material that can cast etc. 22, second heat insulation layer 23 and an iron-clad 12 of being made of asbestos etc. constitute.On the lid 2 in left side, burner 3 is towards the peristome of crucible 4 and slightly downward, thereby at its downside, auxiliary burning nozzle 27 is near floss hole 13.Left and right sides lid 2 can be by opening and closing at the hinge of side and can open and close to and airtight being fixed on the body of heater 1 by bolt etc., as shown in Figure 2 easily.

The used burner 3 of the present invention is used as other oil gas such as propane flammable gas, butagas fuel and preferably adopts the mode of utilizing approaching minor amounts of oxygen of equivalent or air to carry out completing combustion.The waste gas that produces because of gas combustion is cleaner, and owing to gas is blown into lower pressure from burner 3, so dust is few, so also can reduce the contained ashes amount of waste gas.Therefore position upslide ash charge become maximum temperature near flame front ground crucible 4 central authorities of burner 3 after dropping into ash, begins fusion.Therefore, as described above, because furnace construction is reasonable, the thermal efficiency is very high, therefore also can use fossil fuels such as the city air feed that contains cheap natural gas and lam-oil.

In order to make smelting furnace work of the present invention shown in Figure 2, be example with situation shown in Figure 2, the gaseous mixture that is made of propane flammable gas and the approaching oxygen of equivalent is blown into from burner 3 and is lighted simultaneously.Then, determine that by thermometer 7 the inside furnace temperature has reached about 1600 ℃-1650 ℃ state of a control, subsequently, when the incineration ashes drop into from throwing ash mouthful 5 quilts, because it is low and dust is few that flame is blown into speed, thereby, reach a high temperature easily and make ash fusion thus apace.Then, fused mass 14 becomes liquid and falls into water 15 from floss hole 13 and forms graininess.Here, if do not put into water but be placed on air, then its forms bulk through slow cooling, perhaps can stretchedly be made into fibrously, and they can be used as the aggregation or the reinforcement material of concrete, pitch effectively.The invention effect

Owing to have such scheme, ash fusion devices of the present invention produces following effect.

1, crucible is made with three-layer structure, it from the inboard by first crucible, back up Consist of with second crucible, can stand the superhigh temperature resistant earthenware of about 1700 ℃-2400 ℃ or higher temperature Pot is used as first crucible, is used as back up such as the heat-resisting back up of magnesia cement type, and is commonly used Graphitic carbon SiClx crucible be used as second crucible, by using this three-decker, can be Big limit land productivity is with not taking place because the thermal conductivity of graphitic carbon SiClx crucible in the past is very high The advantage of the cracking that is caused by thermal shock. Superhigh temperature resistant type first crucible is used as with innermost layer molten Melt the part of ashes contact and used the high adiabatic back up of continuous heat resistance in its outside, by This can obtain extraordinary high temperature and long-term durability, and can greatly reduce in the past must be frequent The replacing number of times of the crucible of changing.

2, by near floss hole 13, using auxiliary burning nozzle 27, can prevent reliably that the floss hole 13 that becomes prior art subject matter is melted the ashes blocking problem.

3, because lid 2 is arranged on the position of the left and right sides, so can finish more changing jobs of old crucible more easily than prior art, because can quicken stove cooling in crucible replacing process, so can finish the crucible replacing at short notice and inboard cleaning is carried out easily.

Claims

1, a kind of ash fusion devices, it is characterized in that, one its have floss hole and throwing on the body of heater of ash mouthful and have in the smelting furnace of outfit by the lid of burner, be provided with a removable and crucible that constitute by sandwich construction at the innermost layer of described body of heater, the peristome of this crucible is towards the lid side and the fusion ashes at burner place, and fused mass is discharged from through floss hole under the gravity effect.

2, ash fusion devices as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, a crucible that is made of first crucible, back up and this three-decker of second crucible is used as described crucible.

3, ash fusion devices as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, one can be stood about 1700 ℃-2400 ℃ or the superhigh temperature resistant type crucible of higher temperature such as the crucible of aluminium titanates, aluminium oxide, zirconia or magnesia series is used as first crucible, and a graphite carborundum crucible is used as second crucible.

As the described ash fusion devices of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that 4, burner (3) is oblique down, burner flame is blown to crucible bottom.

As the described ash fusion devices of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that 5, an auxiliary burning nozzle is arranged near the floss hole.

As the described ash fusion devices of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that 6, described lid is arranged on the position of the left and right sides.

7, as the described ash fusion devices of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, throw the ash mouth and be arranged on the end face of body of heater.

As the described ash fusion devices of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that 8, leak sensor is arranged in the back up between first crucible and second crucible.

As the described ash fusion devices of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that 9, promptly first refractory layer, first heat insulation layer, second refractory layer, second heat insulation layer and iron-clad constitute by five layers for lid and body of heater.