JP2003148715A - Ash melting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that a crucible needs to be totally replaced for exhaustion of only a portion thereof such that only the lower part of a crucible where melting ashes are stored is exhausted, and also to provide a simple manufacturing method of a large-scale crucible. SOLUTION: A horizontal two-segment crucible 32 is used instead of conventional one-segment crucibles or divided one-segment crucibles. Consequently, waste that a crucible needs to be totally replaced for exhaustion of only a portion thereof where melting ashes are stored is exhausted can be eliminated. In addition, many problems such as deformation of a crucible due to its weight, and increase in a manufacturing cost when manufacturing a large-scale crucible is solved, and thereby a large-scale crucible is easily manufactured.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a melting device,
In particular, for the purpose of melting incineration ash generated by incineration of general industrial waste, special industrial waste for medical use, etc. to render it harmless and reusable, it is granulated or agglomerated or fibrous. The present invention relates to a device for converting the information.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, dioxin, heavy metals, injection needles, etc., contained in the incinerated ash waste after incineration of garbage discharged from homes, factories, hospitals, etc. are thrown into the environment and pollute the environment. It has become a big social problem, and a means for treating these wastes is required.

As a means for treating the above-mentioned incinerated ash waste, a method of melting and solidifying, reducing and detoxifying is disclosed. For example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-324734 discloses an ash melting apparatus shown in FIG. A lid provided with a burner unit 3 using petroleum gas such as propane gas, butane gas, or city gas and oxygen gas as fuel in a central portion of a furnace body 1 having an exhaust port 13 and an ash input port 5 In a furnace equipped with 2, a melting apparatus is disclosed, which has a replaceable single-layer crucible 4 in the innermost layer of the furnace main body 1, and the opening of the crucible 4 is directed to the lid 2 side. .

[0004] The patent body will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1. The furnace body 1 has a crucible 4, a fluid sand 11, a first heat-resistant layer 8, a second heat-resistant layer 9, a third heat-resistant layer from the innermost wall. 10, an iron skin 12, an ash charging port 5 is provided at one location near the center of the side surface of the furnace body 1, a crucible protruding rod 6 is provided on the right side surface, and a melt 14 is discharged at the lower left. A discharge port 13 for exhausting gas is provided, a temperature sensor 7 is provided on the upper left side, and a position for dropping the crucible 4 is set so that the melt 14 does not contact the wall surface 16 of the discharge port 13. There is.

The crucible 4 is a heat-resistant type carbon content of 30 to 55%, which is commercially available, for example, from Japan Crucible Co., Ltd.
A graphite silicon carbide crucible having a SiC content of 30 to 50% is used. The first heat resistant layer 8 and the second heat resistant layer 9 are refractory castable and crucible. , A refractory brick or the like can be used, and a type having high heat resistance is used for the first heat-resistant layer 8. Third heat-resistant layer 1
For 0, a board or a heat-insulating castable is used.

Like the furnace body 1, the lid 2 is composed of a first heat-resistant layer 8, a second heat-resistant layer 9, a third heat-resistant layer 10 and a steel shell 12 from the inside, a burner 3 is provided in the central portion, and it is on the side surface. As shown in FIG. 1, it is configured so that it can be opened and closed easily with a hinge and can be opened and closed with a screw or the like, as shown in FIG.

In this patent, when the crucible 4 is used up for a long period of time and needs to be replaced, the melting furnace is cooled, and then the lid 2 is opened to nearly 180 degrees. When the protrusions 17 on the side surface are rotated to direct the lid 2 downward, the crucible protruding rod 6 is hydraulically driven, or the crucible 4 is pushed by manual screw rotation or the like, and the action of the fluidized sand 11 is also added. The crucible 4 can be taken out easily,
The replacement can be carried out very easily.

Further, the ash melting apparatus in the patent is capable of being pivotally fixed around the protrusion 17 of the furnace body 1, the inclination of the furnace body 1 can be freely set, and the melt 14 A cylindrical anti-sticking material 19 having the same composition as the crucible is provided on the surface in order to adjust the outflow rate and to prevent the melt from adhering to the wall surface 16 of the discharge port 13 and solidifying and clogging. Is described as desirable.

According to the method of the patent, a heat-resistant graphite silicon carbide crucible having a carbon content of 30 to 55% and an SiC of 30 to 50%, which is commercially available, for example, from Japan Crucible Co., Ltd., is used as the crucible 4. However, if the crucible 4 is continuously used for a long time at a high temperature of about 1600 to 1700 ° C. or higher necessary for melting ash, the crucible 4 is heavily worn out and repairs often cause the melting furnace to stop operating. When the melting furnace bottom is removed, the furnace is operated without being noticed, and in extreme cases, the heat-resistant layer inside the furnace is destroyed and it becomes unusable, and the temperature near the discharge port 13 decreases, causing ash melting. It may cause big problems such as cooling and solidification of things and clogging, making it impossible to use the melting furnace.Furthermore, because the heat insulation of the furnace wall is insufficient and the thermal efficiency is not very good, fuel consumption is high, Le Adopts a method of extruding from one side by the crucible projecting rod 6 to exchange volume, easily pushed out without some cases, also there are problems such as it takes time for cooling during crucible exchange.

Therefore, the durability is remarkably improved as compared with the conventional one, and the problem that the ash melt is cooled and solidified and clogged due to the low temperature around the discharge port 13 and the melting furnace cannot be used is improved. The main issues were to improve the heat insulation of the furnace wall to improve thermal efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, and to make it easier to replace the crucible and improve work efficiency.

As a result, the present inventor has filed a patent application No. 2001-30.
Use of a crucible having a three-layer structure which is significantly less worn than conventional crucibles disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 8067, and a discharge port 1
In order to prevent the temperature drop around 3, the auxiliary burner is used, the four-layer furnace wall is adopted to improve the heat insulation and the durability, and the lids are provided on both the left and right sides to form the crucible. Measures such as lowering the cost for taking out and improving work efficiency by shortening the cooling time when replacing the crucible were adopted.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention, but the main parts are composed of a furnace body 1, a lid 2, a burner part 3, a crucible 4, an ash charging port 5, a temperature sensor 7, and the like.

The furnace body 1 is preferably cylindrical in shape,
It may be in the shape of a polygonal column such as a square column, and the wall has a first heat-resistant layer 20 using castable from the innermost side, a first heat-insulating layer 21 such as asbestos, a second heat-resistant layer 22 such as castable, and asbestos. Second insulation layer 23, iron skin 12
The ash charging port 5 is provided on the upper surface of the furnace body 1, and the molten metal leak sensor 28 is provided in the backup sand 25 between the first crucible 24 and the second crucible 26. 24 is configured to detect an abnormality such as cracking, and there are two lids 2 on the right side and the left side, a discharge port 13 for discharging and discharging the melt 14 is provided on the lower left side, and an upper left side and a discharge side 13 are provided. A temperature sensor 7 is provided at the outlet 13, and a drop position 18 of the crucible 4 is provided so that the melt 14 does not contact the wall surface 16 of the discharge port 13.

The crucible 4 is, for example, the first crucible 2 from the inside.
4. The structure of at least three layers of the backup sand 25 and the second crucible 26, and the first crucible 24 is durable even at a high temperature of about 1700 to 2400 ° C. such as aluminum titanate type, alumina type, zirconia type, magnesia type, etc. The backup sand 25 uses a magnesia cement heat-resistant type, and the second crucible 26 has a carbon content of 30 to 30 made by Nippon Crucible Co. 55%, SiC 30-50%
Use a degree of graphite carbide siliceous crucible, but at least
By adopting this three-layer structure, the thermal conductivity of the conventional graphite carbon siliceous crucible is extremely good, and the advantage that cracks due to thermal shock do not occur is utilized. Is used as the contact point with the innermost layer of molten ash, and the heat-resistant and highly heat-resistant backup sand 25 is used on the outside to obtain extremely good high-temperature long-term durability, which is frequently required in the past. The number of times the crucible was replaced was remarkably reduced, and if the number of crucibles 4 was three or more, it would be even better.

The lids 2 are provided at two places on the left and right, and like the furnace body 1, from the inside, a first heat-resistant layer 20 using castable, a first heat-insulating layer 21 such as asbestos, and a second heat-resistant using castable. Layer 22, a second insulating layer 23 such as asbestos,
It consists of five layers of iron skin 12, a burner 3 on the left lid 2.
Is provided slightly downward toward the opening of the crucible 4, and the flame of the auxiliary burner 27 is provided below the outlet 13 for the purpose of preventing solidification of molten ash due to cooling in the vicinity of the outlet 13. Aim at the vicinity of, and the left and right lids 2,
The hinges on the side surfaces allow easy opening and closing, and they are fixed to the furnace body 1 in an airtight manner so that they can be opened and closed with screws or the like, as shown in FIG.

To operate the melting furnace shown in FIG. 2, for example, a mixed gas of propane gas and oxygen gas in the vicinity of the equivalent is blown from the burner 3 and ignited at the same time, and the temperature sensor 7 causes the temperature inside the furnace to be 1600 to 1650 ° C. When the incineration ash is put in through the ash feeding port 5 after confirming that the ash is in the controlled state, the ash is less scattered due to the slow blowing speed of the flame, and the ash can be quickly obtained because high temperature can be easily obtained. Is melted, the melt 14 becomes a liquid, and the discharge port 13
Then, it falls into the water 15 and is granulated, but if it is put out in the air and not cooled, it will be lumped,
It can also be made into a fibrous shape by stretching it, and can be effectively used as an aggregate or reinforcing material for concrete or asphalt. It is also possible to process it into a thing.

According to the method shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, since it is heated to an extremely high temperature of 1600 to 1650 ° C. or higher, the center crucible is settled,
Some problems, such as cracks often occurring due to vertical stress strain due to its own weight, remain.

Therefore, for example, as shown in the side sectional view of FIG. 3, a reinforcing member 29 having an outlet 30 for the melt 14 is provided near the mouth of the crucible 4, and FIG. 4 shows a three-layer structure. It is an example of a side view of the crucible 4 when the reinforcing member 29 is put in the crucible 4 as viewed from the mouth side of the crucible 4. The reinforcing member 29 has a reinforcing member 29 having an outlet 30 whose lower side is opened. By having a configuration to have
It is possible to prevent the center crucible from being settled by being heated to an extremely high temperature, and to prevent many cracks from being generated due to vertical stress strain due to its own weight. In addition, it is reinforced on the mouth side of the crucible 4. It has been found that by providing the member 29, the heat from the burner part 3 is less likely to escape from the inside of the crucible 4 and the heat is retained, so that the thermal efficiency is improved and the fuel efficiency is significantly improved.

The method for manufacturing the integral crucible as described above is carried out by kneading a ceramic fine powder such as alumina with a binder and water to form a rubber clay, and then, when automatically manufacturing, compression molding. In the case of manual operation, a method of putting rubber clay-like ceramic in a female mold and tapping it out is adopted, but there are the following problems.

That is, in the market, there is a demand for a larger melting furnace, but in the case of manufacturing an integral crucible, a rubber clay-like ceramic kneaded product immediately after molding has a large size even if its viscosity is remarkably increased. In the case of the crucible, the device is very large due to the fact that deformation is unavoidable due to its own weight and deformation is inevitable, and that extremely high pressure is required when automatically manufacturing by compression molding, and the crucible becomes extremely large. Since the cost is also high, there is a problem that it is difficult to increase the size due to a significant increase in cost.

On the other hand, although large-scale melting furnaces have begun to be manufactured in the current market, they are usually manufactured by stacking refractory bricks and fixing them castably, and there are few furnace materials that can withstand extremely high temperatures. Therefore, the furnace material is consumed so much that periodic short-cycle repairs are required.However, due to insufficient consideration of repairs in advance, the melting furnace was stopped and workers entered the furnace. Because it takes a lot of days to cool down to a workable temperature in order to perform work, there are often long days of outages, the cost is large due to a large repair scale, and the working environment in the repair of the furnace There was a big problem such as being extremely bad.

Therefore, solving the problems of the conventional large-scale melting furnace of refractory brick type, deformation phenomenon due to its own weight when manufacturing a large crucible, and significantly increasing the manufacturing equipment and increasing the cost. To solve problems such as
Further study was carried out with the aim of facilitating the production of a large-scale melting furnace that does not require the time and cost of regular repairs.

As a result, for example, FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention, which has a structure in which a tubular crucible having a bottom and a horizontal shape is vertically divided into three parts and divided into three parts. A crucible with a cylindrical or rectangular cross section was used.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cylindrical crucible as shown in FIG. 1 as seen from the opening side. As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 7, the crucible is divided into three as shown in FIG. By adopting a structure in which a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 such as a horizontally crucible that is horizontally cut in half is adopted on the lower side, it is possible to easily replace only the portion that is particularly worn out, thereby reducing the cost. be able to.

In each of the melting devices shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, an integral type crucible or an integral crucible is used, but the crucible consumption is shown in FIG. As described above, there is a waste of having to replace the entire crucible with only a part of the consumable part 33, which is the portion where the molten ash is accumulated in the lower part of the crucible. There is a problem that a crucible having a multi-layered structure, which is extremely expensive, is required.

[0026]

In view of the above, the present invention has been made.
As shown in FIG. 7, the conventional consumption of the integrated crucible is only in the portion where the molten ash is accumulated in the lower part of the crucible, the other portion is not particularly used, and only a part of the consumption portion 33 is used for the entire crucible. It is necessary to solve the waste of having to take out or replace it and to carry out regular repairs in a short cycle of a large refractory brick-type melting furnace. Since it takes a lot of days to cool down to a workable temperature due to having to go in and work, there are often long outages, and it is extremely costly due to a large repair scale, etc. To solve the problem that the working environment of the operator is extremely bad in the repair of the crucible, the deformation phenomenon due to the self-weight when manufacturing a large crucible, and the manufacturing facility being remarkably large. It solves many problems, such as to become up, not take significantly labor and cost of regular maintenance, and an object of the present invention to facilitate manufacture even melting furnace large.

[0027]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a means for using a crucible having a structure in which a portion which comes into contact with molten ash is cut in half horizontally instead of an integral type crucible for a core. It was adopted.

[0028]

In the embodiment of the present invention, for example, FIG. 8 shows an embodiment thereof, but a horizontal crucible is placed inside the crucible 4 in which the hole of the ash charging port 5 is opened. This is a configuration in which a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 shown in the perspective view of FIG.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the structure may be such that the horizontal two-divided crucible 32 is inserted without using the crucible 4. In this structure, it becomes easy to use a large core.

Further, a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 of the present invention may be placed in the core of a split crucible 31 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and a reinforcing member 29 may be provided in the opening of the crucible. May be adopted.

Further, according to the method of the present invention, since the replacement of the crucible is extremely easy and inexpensive, the heat resistance and durability are not so good, but the thermal conductivity is good and there is no problem of adhesion of molten ash. It is also possible to use an inexpensive graphite silicon carbide crucible or the like, which has advantages, and to replace it in a short cycle.

[0032]

According to the present invention, in a melting furnace using a crucible, by adopting a means for using a horizontal two-divided crucible 32, a conventional crucible having a structure in which an integral type or an integral type crucible is divided is used. Of crucible consumption
As shown in FIG. 7, it is only the portion where the molten ash is accumulated in the lower part of the crucible, and it is possible to solve a large waste of having to replace the entire crucible with only a part of the consumable part 33, and a large refractory brick type melting furnace. Requires regular repairs in a short cycle, but the repairing measures are insufficient, and workers have to enter the furnace to work, so it takes a lot of days to cool to a workable temperature. This often leads to production interruptions due to long days of discontinuation, significantly high cost due to large scale of repair, and significantly poor working environment for workers in furnace repair. In addition, many problems such as deformation phenomenon due to its own weight when manufacturing large crucibles, remarkably large manufacturing equipment and increased cost, etc. It does not require significant repair work and cost, facilitates manufacturing even with a large melting furnace, and replaces the crucible very easily and at low cost. It has a great effect that it can be used on the premise that it is exchanged in a short cycle by using an inexpensive graphite silicon carbide crucible or the like which has good properties and does not have a problem of adhesion of molten ash.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of a conventional method.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing another embodiment of the conventional method.

FIG. 3 shows a reinforcing member 2 near the mouth of the crucible 4 according to the conventional method.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view showing an example when 9 is provided.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing an example of the vicinity of the reinforcing member 29 when viewed from the mouth side of the crucible 4 according to the conventional method.

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which a bottomed tubular crucible with a horizontal orientation according to a conventional method is vertically cut into three parts and divided into rings.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a crucible obtained by dividing a cylindrical crucible according to a conventional method into three parts as seen from the opening side.

FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view showing the state of consumption of the crucible when the ash melting operation is performed by the method according to the conventional method.

FIG. 8 is a side sectional view showing a structure in which a lower horizontal two-divided crucible 32, which is a horizontally crucible horizontally cut in half horizontally, is placed in the integrated crucible according to the present invention.

9 is a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 shown in FIG. 8 according to the present invention.
FIG.

FIG. 10 is a side sectional view showing a configuration in which a horizontal two-piece crucible 32 is inserted without using the integrated crucible 4 according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 furnace body 2 lid 3
Burner section 4 Crucible 5 Ash input port 6
Crucible protruding rod 7 Temperature sensor 8 First heat-resistant layer 9
Second heat-resistant layer 10 Third heat-resistant layer 11 Fluid sand 1
2 Iron crust 13 Discharge port 14 Melt 1
5 Water 16 Wall 17 Protrusion 1
8 Drop position 19 Sticking prevention material 20 First heat-resistant layer 2
1 1st heat insulation layer 22 2nd heat resistance layer 23 2nd heat insulation layer 2
4 First crucible 25 Backup sand 26 Second crucible 2
7 Auxiliary burner 28 Hot water leak sensor 29 Reinforcement member 3
0 Outlet 31 Split-type crucible 32 Horizontal 2-split crucible 33 Consumable part

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) F27D 1/18 B09B 3/00 ZAB F term (reference) 3K061 NB01 NB08 4D004 AA36 AB03 AB07 AC04 CA29 CA45 CB02 CB34 4K046 AA04 BA10 CA01 CB01 CB15 CB16 CD07 CE01 CE04 DA03 4K051 AA00 AB03 AB09 BB02 BB08 MA01

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An apparatus for melting ash, characterized in that, in a crucible-using melting furnace, a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 is used for a core. 2. The ash melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crucible to be used is only a horizontal two-divided crucible 32. 3. A structure in which a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 is inserted inside the integral type crucible 4.
The described ash melting device. 4. The apparatus for melting ash according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal two-piece crucible 32 is arranged inside the divided crucible 31. 5. The apparatus for melting ash according to claim 3, wherein a horizontal two-divided crucible 32 is arranged inside a crucible having a plurality of layers. 6. A structure in which a reinforcing member 29 is provided in the opening of the crucible is adopted.
5. The apparatus for melting ash according to 5.