CN1406712A - 铣和钻加工中心 - Google Patents

铣和钻加工中心 Download PDF

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CN1406712A
CN1406712A CN02141672A CN02141672A CN1406712A CN 1406712 A CN1406712 A CN 1406712A CN 02141672 A CN02141672 A CN 02141672A CN 02141672 A CN02141672 A CN 02141672A CN 1406712 A CN1406712 A CN 1406712A
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CN1230277C (zh
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康拉德·J·波普
罗伯特·梅尔克
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
    • B23Q11/0053—Devices for removing chips using the gravity force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15726—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/1574—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5124—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with means to feed work intermittently from one tool station to another
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5136—Separate tool stations for selective or successive operation on work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304088—Milling with means to remove chip
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/30532—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with means to advance work or product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/3056—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder and means to selectively position work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y10T409/305824—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation with angular movement of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/16—Tool changing with means to transfer work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix

Abstract

本发明涉及一种铣和钻加工中心，包括机架(1、2)、带水平刀具主轴(7)的主轴套(6)和可沿多个轴线运动用于安装被加工工件的工件固定台(11)。为了实施工件自动更换，带水平刀具主轴(7)的主轴套(6)可借助电动机沿第一水平轴线(9)方向移动地装在机架(1、2)的位置固定的上部架台(2)上，以及工件固定台(11)包含一个可自动操纵的工件夹具(19)，工件夹具(19)通过十字滑架(12)可沿相对于第一水平轴线(9)垂直的第二水平轴线(13)和垂直于此第二水平轴线(13)的垂直轴线(14)移动地悬挂式装在上部架台(2)上，以及为了自动更换工件，工件夹具可在设在刀具主轴(7)侧面的工件准备装置(24)与刀具主轴(7)前的加工区之间运动。

Description

铣和钻加工中心
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1前序部分所述的铣和钻加工中心。
背景技术
传统的铣和钻加工中心通常按摇臂、床身或钻铣两用机床的结构方式设计。执行旋转的主切削运动的刀具装在被驱动旋转的刀具主轴内，刀具主轴装在可相对于工件移动的主轴套中。要加工的工件通常夹紧在十字工作台、旋转工作台、交换工作台或托盘上。通常这种加工中心还有自动的刀具更换装置，通过它可以快速和自动地更换不同工序所需的刀具。因此可实施工件的全套自动加工无需手工夹紧工件。自动化程度的进一步提高以及非生产性辅助时间的缩短，可借助附加的工件自动更换装置达到。为此主要采用托盘更换系统，它有一可沿垂直轴线移动和可绕垂直轴线转动的托盘架，用于将一个设在加工区的托盘与一个处于准备位置的托盘交换。当托盘之一处于加工区内期间，可在另一个处于准备位置的托盘上取下已完成加工的工件以及夹紧一个新的工件。但是这种托盘更换装置技术上复杂，因为对此需要特殊的带相应的导引装置的附加装置、单独的驱动系统和配属的控制器。与这些相联系的是较高的投资费用。此外，配备有托盘更换系统的加工中心需要更大的空间位置。
由DE 4422416 C1已知一种此类型的加工中心，它包括机器床身和从床身向上升的立柱。工件固定台装在立柱上，它包含一个可通过十字滑架水平及垂直移动的工件夹具。为了工件自动更换，工件夹具可在设在刀具主轴侧面的工件输送装置与刀具主轴前的加工区之间运动。在此已知的加工中心中，刀具主轴装在主轴套内，主轴套可通过水平导引装置移动地装在机器床身的上侧。
发明内容
本发明的目的是创造一种结构紧凑和廉价的具有更合理力流的铣和钻加工中心，它能达到包括工件的自动更换在内的高的自动化程度。
此目的通过具有权利要求1特征的铣和钻加工中心达到。
按本发明的铣和钻加工中心突出的优点在于，不仅刀具主轴而且可沿多个轴线运动的工件夹具装在一按整体结构方式设计的共同的架台上。由此获得有利的力流和高的刚度。通过十字滑架装在上部的位置固定的架台上的工件固定台，不仅实施为工件加工所需的沿X和Y轴的直线运动，而且为了实施工件自动更换还承担一些移动运动。通过十字滑架简单的移动运动可以简单的方式完成工件的自动更换。在这里不需要单独的操作系统或复杂的托盘更换系统。通过工件悬挂式安装在工件固定台上，可按拾取法(Pick-up-Verfahren)完成特别快速的工件更换。为了将已加工完成的工件放到例如设计的传送带的工件准备装置上并从那里将一个新的工件输送到加工区内，只需要比较短的移动运动。由此可缩短从切削到切削的时间。
按本发明的机器设计方案的另一个优点是良好的排屑。通过悬挂式固定工件，加工出来的切屑可例如通过设在底座上的孔自由下落。因此加工区保持没有会带来干扰的加工切屑。
在从属权利要求中说明本发明恰当的设计和有利的进一步发展。
例如按一项特别恰当的设计工件固定台有一工件卡头，工件夹具可借助电动机绕其中心线(B轴)旋转地装在工件卡头内。工件卡头本身可绕一与第二水平轴线(X轴)平行的旋转轴线(A轴)旋转地装在一角形支架内。通过两个附加的旋转轴线并结合通过十字滑架实施的沿X和Y轴的直线运动以及刀具主轴沿Z轴的直线运动，可由此执行5坐标加工。
在一种恰当的设计中，工件准备装置是连续带类型的水平的循环传送带，它包括两个分开的传送轨道。这样一种传送带可配置多个工件，这些工件可移动到一个处于刀具主轴附近的过渡位置，以便被工件固定台取出。还要加工的工件输送到规定的过渡位置或已完成加工的工件输送到规定的拾取位置，因而均可在加工过程中进行。
在主轴套下方设例如设计为盘式或圆盘式库的刀具库。因此借助一个装在主轴套上的按双机械手设计的刀具更换装置，也可以实施快速的自动化刀具更换。
附图说明
本发明的其他特点和优点由下面借助附图对优选的实施例的说明给出，其中，
附图用示意透视图表示按本发明的钻和铣加工中心的基本结构。
具体实施方式
附图中表示的铣和钻加工中心包括一机架，机架包含底座1和按整体结构方式设计的在上部的位置固定的架台2，架台2设在两根彼此隔开间距的侧支柱3和4以及一根贯通的第三支柱5上。为了能更好地看清机器的结构，在此图左侧的支柱4在所画的图中被断开。支柱4与画在右侧的支柱3结构相同。在架台2下侧，支柱3、4和5之间，悬挂式地安装主轴套6和装在主轴套内可由电动机驱动的水平刀具主轴7。主轴套6和装在其中的刀具主轴7可通过在架台2下侧的平行的导轨8导引移动，以及通过一图中未表示的驱动装置可沿第一水平轴线9(Z轴)移动。
要加工的工件10被工件固定台11固定，工件固定台可通过十字滑架12沿垂直于第一水平轴线9(Z轴)的第二水平轴线13(X轴)和与第二水平轴线13垂直的垂直轴线14(Y轴)移动地装在位置固定的架台2上。十字滑架12包括一个可通过在架台2端面16上的水平导轨15借助电动机沿X轴方向移动的横滑架17，横滑架17上带一可借助电动机沿Y轴移动的垂直滑架18。因此，通过横滑架17和垂直滑架18适当的移动运动实施加工所需的沿X和Y轴的直线运动，而沿Z轴的直线运动通过主轴套6受控制的定位装置完成。
设在垂直滑架18下侧的工件固定台11包括一个可自动操纵的工件夹具19，它例如设计为形式上为设有夹爪的卡盘或类似物。在附图所示的实施例中，设计为卡盘的工件夹具19可借助恰当的驱动装置绕其中心线20(B轴)旋转地装在工件卡头21中。工件卡头21可借助电动机通过传动装置绕一平行于X轴的旋转轴线23(A轴)旋转地装在一个固定在垂直滑架下侧的角形支架22上。工件夹具19和工件卡头21的转动可例如借助谐波驱动装置(Harmonic-Drive-Antriebe)进行，它被组合在角形支架22或工件卡头中。通过两个附加的旋转轴线20和23可在夹紧工件时实施5坐标加工。
按整体结构方式设计的上部架台2设计为，使支承着横滑架的端面16沿一个相对于刀具主轴侧向错开地装在底座1上的工件准备装置24延伸并至少部分压紧在工件准备装置24上面。因此，工件固定台11可通过横滑架17和垂直滑架18简单的移动运动在工件准备装置24上面移动，以便在那里放下一个已加工完成的工件和提取下一个要加工的工件。在附图所表示的实施例中，工件准备装置24是一条设计为连续带并配备有两个分开的传送轨道25和26的循环传送带，传送带设在底座1上在贯通的支柱5与开关柜27之间。传送带可配置多个工件，这些工件按预定的程序流程自动移动到一预先规定的用于被工件固定夹提取的过渡位置。在完成加工后，通过工件固定夹重新放在传送带上的加工好的工件被传送带输送到提取位置。此传送带有从底座1侧向悬伸的装货或卸货区28，此区域28通过一个图中未表示的保护罩的相应的孔向外伸出。在此区域内，传送带可装上新的工件，而已经加工的工件也可在那里从传送带上取走。
在主轴套6下方，在底座1上位置固定地安装一设计为圆盘式库的刀具库29。为更换刀具所需要的加工刀具在刀具主轴7与刀具库29之间的传送，通过一个在主轴头部区域内装在主轴套6上的刀具更换装置30实现，刀具更换装置30设计为双机械手并包括两个彼此错开90°的刀具夹。通过刀具更换装置30绕一个相对于刀具主轴水平中心线成45°地向下倾斜的旋转轴线旋转以及主轴套相应的移动运动和刀具夹相对于主轴套的移动，可以实施刀具的自动更换。通过在各支柱3和4之间形成的过道，刀具库可装备为加工所需的刀具。
在底座1上设控制台31，其中装有操纵斜台32。此外，在底座1内还设有一个处于刀具主轴7的主轴头下方的孔33，加工中产生的切屑可通过孔33向下掉落。由此可保持加工区无切屑。向下掉落的切屑可被一抽屉34收集和/或通过一自动切屑输送器35送出。

Claims (9)

1.铣和钻加工中心，包括含底座(1)和位置固定的上部架台(2)的机架(1、2)、可借助电动机沿第一水平轴线(9)移动地装在机架(1、2)上的带水平刀具主轴(7)的主轴套(6)、以及带可自动操纵的工件夹具(19)的工件固定台(11)，工件夹具(19)通过十字滑架(12)可沿相对于第一水平轴线(9)垂直的第二水平轴线(13)和垂直于第二水平轴线(13)的垂直轴线(14)移动地悬挂式装在上部架台(2)上，以及为了自动更换工件，工件夹具(19)可在设在刀具心轴(7)侧面的工件准备装置(24)与刀具主轴(7)前的加工区之间运动，其特征为：装在支柱(3、4、5)上面的上部架台(2)按整体结构方式设计；以及，带水平刀具主轴(7)的主轴套(6)悬挂式装在机架(1、2)位置固定的架台(2)下侧。
2.按照权利要求1所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：上部架台(2)有一个至少部分压紧在工件准备装置(24)上面的端面(16)，在端面(16)上装设一个可通过水平导轨(15)沿第二水平轴线(13)移动的十字滑架(12)的横滑架(17)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：十字滑架(12)包括一个可在横滑架(17)上沿垂直轴线(14)移动的垂直滑架(18)，工件固定台(11)设在垂直滑架(18)的下侧。
4.按照权利要求1所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：工件固定台(11)包括一工件卡头(21)，工件夹具(19)可借助电动机绕其中心线(B轴)旋转地装在工件卡头(21)内。
5.按照权利要求2所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：工件固定台(11)包括一角形支架(22)，工件卡头(21)可借助电动机绕一与第二水平轴线(X轴)平行的旋转轴线(A轴)旋转地装在此角形支架(22)上。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：工件准备装置(24)是一条设计为连续带、循环的有至少一个传送轨道(25、26)的水平传送带。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为；在主轴套(6)下方，刀具库(29)装在机架(1、2)的底座(2)上。
8.按照权利要求7所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：在主轴套(6)上安装一刀具更换装置(30)，用于在刀具主轴(7)与刀具库(29)之间自动传送刀具。
9.按照权利要求8所述的铣和钻加工中心，其特征为：刀具更换装置(30)是一个设计为双机械手的刀具更换器。
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