CN1385365A - 用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法 - Google Patents
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- CN1385365A CN1385365A CN 01114454 CN01114454A CN1385365A CN 1385365 A CN1385365 A CN 1385365A CN 01114454 CN01114454 CN 01114454 CN 01114454 A CN01114454 A CN 01114454A CN 1385365 A CN1385365 A CN 1385365A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 239000002113 nanodiamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- SDCJMBBHNJPYGW-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;hydrogen carbonate;chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].Cl.[O-]C([O-])=O SDCJMBBHNJPYGW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用负氧平衡炸药制造纳米金刚石的方法。引爆负氧平衡炸药,然后在一定保护介质作用下,在金刚石热力学稳定区进行重排、聚集、冷却、结晶形成纳米金刚石。本发明工艺、设备简单,原材料价廉易得,生产成本都比较低,操作安全,且金刚石转化率高,产品纯度高。
Description
本发明涉及一种金刚石的制造方法，特别是涉及一种利用负氧平衡炸药制造纳米金刚石的方法。
在人造金刚石技术中，最成熟且得到较广泛应用的是静压法，即利用液压六面顶压机产生的静高压和电炉产生的高温并在触媒的作用下使石墨发生相变转化为金刚石。其主要特点是设备投资较大，原材料复杂，产品粒度分布在从微米到亚毫米范围内，且颗粒呈不规则单晶或多晶，多带有尖锐棱角。其次是冲击波法，即利用炸药驱动飞片打击石墨，靠冲击所产生的高温高压，使石墨转化成金刚石。该技术中的原材料装填比较复杂，产物回收困难，其产品颗粒属微米量级。
本发明的目的是提供一种工艺、设备简单，原材料价廉易得，生产操作安全的纳米金刚石的制造方法。
上述目的是这样实现的，负氧平衡炸药在爆炸时，炸药中没有被氧化的过剩碳原子在爆轰区中呈气态，由过饱和变成类液态，然后在一定保护介质作用下，在金刚石热力学稳定区进行碰撞、聚集、冷却、结晶形成纳米金刚石。这里使用的负氧平衡炸药是TNT，用来提供碳源，用黑索金(RDX)来保证所需的爆温和爆压。
附图1为实施本发明的一种爆轰装置结构示意图。
本发明的实施步骤是：(1)配料铸药
TNT与RDX按一定比例配料，用铜制或铝制控温水浴锅化料，控制好水浴温度，先将TNT投入锅内熔化，然后边搅边缓慢投入RDX，待完全熔融后，倒入铝制模具，铸成原料药柱；(2)组装引爆
先将电工业雷管，与炸药压装成传爆药柱，和原料药柱组装起来，放入保护介质中，然后置于钢制爆炸罐中引爆；(3)收集、预处理爆轰灰
将混有保护介质、组装材料等的杂质，沉降后于100～200℃温度下烘干，即得到爆轰灰；(4)提纯
按常规提纯方法提纯爆轰灰，烘干后得纳米金刚石干粉。
由于本发明采用了上述方案，在制造纳米金刚石过程中，工艺、设备简单，原材料价廉易得，便于实现批量生产，一次性投资和生产成本都比较低，操作安全，且金刚石转化率高，产品纯度高。
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的实施方式和效果。
图1是本发明的爆轰装置的组装示意图。
本发明的具体实施步骤是：(1)配料铸药
按照TNT∶RDX＝0.05～0.95比例配料，用铜制或铝制控温水浴锅化料，控制水浴温度在50～99℃，先将TNT投入锅内熔化，然后边搅边缓慢投入RDX，待完全熔融后，倒入铝制模具，铸成原料药柱2；
TNT与RDX的比例和原料药柱的大小以及效果见下表
(2)组装引爆
| TNT/RDX | 90/10 | 70/30 | 50/50 | 30/70 | 10/90 |
| 水浴温度(℃) | 90±2 | ||||
| 转化率(％) | 4.1 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 5.6 | 2.1 |
| 装药直径(mm) | 19 | 19 | 12 | 12 | 19 |
| 装药长度(mm) | 40 | 40 | 25 | 25 | 40 |
结合图1进行组装。先将8号电工业雷管4，与炸药压装成传爆药柱3，和原料药柱2组装起来，放入保护介质1中，这里的保护介质1是指氩气、氮气、二氧化碳、水、氯化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢氨之一。然后置于钢制爆炸罐5中引爆；(3)收集、预处理爆轰灰
将混有保护介质、组装材料等的杂质，沉降后于100～200℃温度下烘干，即得到爆轰灰；(4)提纯
按常规提纯方法提纯爆轰灰，烘干后得纳米金刚石干粉。
由此得到的金刚石属纳米颗粒，粒径分布在1～50nm范围内，其中80％集中在1～15nm，平均粒径5～7nm，颗粒外形呈等径球形或类球形。此方法金刚石转化率高，按炸药量计达8～12％，产品纯度高于90％。
Claims (7)
1.一种用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是：利用负氧平衡炸药爆轰时产生的过剩碳元子，在一定保护介质作用下，在金刚石热力学稳定区进行碰撞、聚集、结晶形成纳米金刚石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是：所述的负氧平衡炸药是TNT及黑索金(RDX)的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是所述的方法是按下列步骤实施的：
(1)配料铸药
TNT与RDX按一定比例配料，用铜制或铝制控温水浴锅化料，控制好水浴温度，先将TNT投入锅内熔化，然后边搅边缓慢投入RDX，待完全熔融后，倒入铝制模具，铸成原料药柱(2)；
(2)组装引爆
将电工业雷管(4)，与炸药压装成传爆药柱(3)，和原料药柱(2)组装起来，放入保护介质(1)中，然后置于钢制爆炸罐(5)中引爆；
(3)收集、预处理爆轰灰
将混有保护介质、组装材料等的杂质，沉降后于100~200℃温度下烘干，即得到爆轰灰；
(4)提纯
按常规提纯方法提纯爆轰灰，烘干后得纳米金刚石干粉。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是：所述的配料比例是：TNT∶RDX＝0.05~0.95。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是：所述的水浴温度是50~99℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是：所述的原料药柱(2)的大小是直径大于10mm，高大于20mm.
7.根据权利要求3所述的用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法，其特征是：所述的保护介质(1)是指氩气、氮气、二氧化碳、水、氯化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢氨之一。
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| CN 01114454 CN1187263C (zh) | 2001-05-10 | 2001-05-10 | 用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法 |
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| CN 01114454 CN1187263C (zh) | 2001-05-10 | 2001-05-10 | 用炸药爆轰合成纳米金刚石的方法 |
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| CN1385365A true CN1385365A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
| CN1187263C CN1187263C (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102091569A (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-06-15 | 解立峰 | 人造金刚石及其制备方法 |
| WO2016058229A1 (zh) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-21 | 彭碳科技有限公司 | 制备三维石墨烯包覆单粒子纳米金刚石材料的配方及方法 |
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2001
- 2001-05-10 CN CN 01114454 patent/CN1187263C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102091569A (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-06-15 | 解立峰 | 人造金刚石及其制备方法 |
| CN102091569B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-06-05 | 解立峰 | 人造金刚石及其制备方法 |
| WO2016058229A1 (zh) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-21 | 彭碳科技有限公司 | 制备三维石墨烯包覆单粒子纳米金刚石材料的配方及方法 |
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| CN1187263C (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
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