CN1384785A - 具有可裂开表层的可透气多层薄膜 - Google Patents

具有可裂开表层的可透气多层薄膜 Download PDF

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CN1384785A
CN1384785A CN00814994A CN00814994A CN1384785A CN 1384785 A CN1384785 A CN 1384785A CN 00814994 A CN00814994 A CN 00814994A CN 00814994 A CN00814994 A CN 00814994A CN 1384785 A CN1384785 A CN 1384785A
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incompatible polymers
thin film
weight
top layer
ventilative thin
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CN100408327C (zh
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A·L·麦科马克
W·B·哈夫纳
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
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Abstract

一种包含可透气的芯层和一或两个表层的透气多层膜,制备方法如下:提供热塑性聚合物和微粒填料的芯层混合物,提供至少两种不相容的聚合物的表层混合物,将芯层和表层混合物共挤出形成多层膜并拉伸此多层膜致使芯层内形成空穴和一或两个表层内形成裂缝。通过在拉伸过程中在表层形成裂缝,使表层可以实现两种功能,在共挤出时使芯层中的填料在模头处的积聚减少和在共挤压之后使薄膜粘合在基材上,且不会过于妨害薄膜或者层压制品的湿气渗透率。这种可透气薄膜和包含这种薄膜的层压制品可用于多种身体护理用的吸收性制品,医用的服装及其他产品。

Description

具有可裂开表层的可透气多层薄膜
发明领域
本发明涉及具有芯层和一或两个邻接表层的可透气多层薄膜。芯层含有热塑性聚合物和微粒填料的混合物，在共挤出后薄膜被拉伸变薄时芯层变得可透湿气。在共挤出中一个或多个表层可防止来自芯层的填料颗粒在模唇处积聚。在拉伸中表层裂缝和/或开裂增加了整个薄膜的透气性。
发明背景
可透气的拉伸变薄的薄膜以及包含可透气薄膜和一种无纺织物的层压制品用于尿布衬里、其它身体护理用产品和医用的服装。授予McCormack的美国专利5,695,868公开了一种可透气薄膜和一种可透气的类布薄膜/无纺布复合物，这种复合物包含与纤维性的聚烯烃无纺织物热粘合的薄膜。通常，此种薄膜包含和一或两个邻接表层共挤出的芯层。
占有薄膜大部分厚度的芯层可以由具有相当数量(例如，30-75重量％)无机填料颗粒与热塑性聚合物的混合物形成。在共挤压之后薄膜被拉伸时，在芯层中的填料颗粒周围形成了空穴。这种空穴是由薄的聚合物膜限定和分隔的，它能使水汽的分子扩散通过薄膜。这种扩散就是造成薄膜具有湿气透气性的原因。
一个或多个表层占有较小百分比的薄膜厚度，可占小于15％的薄膜厚度。表层起两种主要的作用。一个作用是在共挤压中局部地遮蔽模唇使其不与芯层接触，以便使来自芯层的填料颗粒不致于在模唇处过度积聚。另一个作用是作为粘合层促进共挤出薄膜与无纺布的粘结。
表层的一个缺点是它们减少了整个薄膜的湿气透气性。表层越厚，透气性减少得越多。表层厚度的最佳化是表层要有足够的厚度以便在挤出中控制模头积料和提供对无纺布的粘结，同时表层厚度又不应过大以至于显著地减少整体的透气性。要获得这种平衡可能是困难的，特别是考虑到需要更透气的薄膜和层压制品的发展趋向。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种包含芯层和一或两个邻接表层的可透气拉伸薄膜。芯层由一种或多种热塑性聚合物和微粒填料的混合物制成，这样，当薄膜被拉伸时，在填料颗粒的周围形成空穴。表层由聚合物的共混物形成，在薄膜的共挤压中这种共混物可保持其完整性，可是当薄膜被拉伸时它又会发生开裂。
通过本发明，可制成足够厚度的表层来充分地防止由芯层中的微粒填料所引起的挤出模头积料。该表层还可以有必要的厚度以便使薄膜对基材，例如无纺布，有足够的粘结性。因为在薄膜拉伸中表层开裂，故它们的存在不致显著地减少整个薄膜的湿气透气性。
表层由两种或更多种不相容的聚合物的共混物制成，当薄膜被拉伸时，这种共混物导致表层开裂。在一个实施方案中，制成表层的共混物含有约20-80重量％的由常规的高压聚合方法制造出的支化低密度聚乙烯和约20-80重量％的乙烯-丙烯共聚物弹性体，这种弹性体含有主要百分比的丙烯和较小百分比的乙烯。在另一个实施方案中，制成表层的混合物含有约20-80重量％的含有最高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和约20-80重量％的如上所述的乙烯-丙烯共聚物弹性体。在另一个实施方案中，制成表层的混合物含有约20-80重量％的乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物和约20-80重量％的如上所述的乙烯-丙烯共聚物弹性体。
在还另外一个实施方案中，制成表层的混合物含有约75-98重量％的第一种组分，它选自支化的低密度聚乙烯、含有最高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯和含有最高达约12重量％丙烯酸甲酯的乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯；和约2-25重量％的选自聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚丁烯的第二种组分。
本发明也包括制备拉伸变薄的可透气薄膜的方法。这种方法包括的步骤有：提供含有一种或多种热塑性聚合物和微粒填料的芯层组合物，提供作为芯层的一侧或两侧的表层的组合物，将芯层组合物和表层组合物一起通过模头共挤出，形成具有芯层和至少一个表层的多层薄膜，在薄膜离开模头以后在至少一个方向上对其进行拉伸并且在拉伸薄膜中使表层开裂。这种方法的重要特点是：表层的裂缝是在拉伸过程中造成的，是在离开模头以后，而不是在挤出过程中在模头处开裂的。
由上所述可知，本发明的特点和优点是提供一种可透气的拉伸变薄的薄膜，它具有一个芯层和在芯层一侧或两侧的开裂的表层，这种表层在薄膜拉伸过程中开裂由此提高其对湿气的透气性。
本发明的又一个特点和优点是提供一种可透气的拉伸变薄的薄膜，它具有改进的加工性能，其表层的厚度足以基本上防止来自芯层的微粒填料在模头处积聚。
本发明的又一个特点和优点是提供一种制造多层拉伸变薄的可透气薄膜的改进方法，其中表层在薄膜的拉伸过程开裂来提高透气性。
通过以下优选实施方案的详细说明并参照附图，上述及其他特点和优点将变得更明显。
附图简述
图1是本发明的一个实施方案的剖面图，它是三层的可透气薄膜。
图2是本发明的另一个实施方案的剖面图，它是双层的可透气薄膜。
图3是本发明的一个包括可透气薄膜的层压制品的剖面图。
图4是一个整体工艺流程示意图，用于制造本发明的可透气薄膜和层压制品。
测试程序
以下描述的方法是用于测试本发明的自调节薄膜的湿气渗透率(MVTR)。测定MVTR的方式类似于美国材料试验学会(ASTM)用于测定材料透水汽性的标准试验方法，序号为E-96-80，内容如下。为了本发明的目的，从试验材料和对照材料CELGARD2500(Hoechst Celanese公司)上剪下3英寸直径(76毫米)圆形样品。CELGARD 2500是由微孔聚丙烯制成的0.0025厘米厚的薄膜。每种材料做成两个或三个样品。用于测试的测试杯是铸铝的，带法兰，5.1厘米深并带有机械密封和氯丁橡胶垫片。这种杯由Thwing-Albert仪器公司(费城，宾夕法尼亚州)经销，名为水蒸汽渗透性能测定仪，序号68-1。在每个水蒸汽渗透性能测定仪中注入一百毫米蒸馏水，试验材料和对照材料的每个单个样品横放在各个杯的顶部。拧紧法兰使杯的边缘形成密封，让有关的试验材料或对照材料暴露在直径为62毫米的圆形区域(敞开的暴露面积约30平方厘米)上的环境大气中。然后将杯称重，放在托盘上，送入100°F(38℃)的强制通风烘箱中。这种烘箱是恒温烘箱，外界空气可穿过它防止水汽在内部积存。合适的强制通风烘箱是，例如，由Blue MElectric公司(Blue Island，伊利诺斯州)经销的Blue M Power-O-Matic 60烘箱。在24小时以后，从烘箱中取出杯并称重。初始的MVTR测试值按下式计算：
湿气透过率测试值＝[(经24小时后失重克数)×7571]÷24
没有特别地控制烘箱内的相对湿度。在预先设定的条件-38℃和环境相对湿度下，CELGARD 2500的湿气透过率被测定为5000克/平方米-24小时。因此，CELGARD 2500作为对照样品参加每个测试，根据对照样品测试值相对于其已知的湿气透过率值的偏差对测试结果进行修正。
本发明优选实施方案的详细说明
参看图1，其表明可透气多层薄膜10包含一个由拉伸变薄的芯层11，此芯层具有空穴化的聚合物基体12，夹在两个表层22和24之间。术语“空穴化的聚合物基体12”意指含有敞开空间或“空穴”的聚合物基体。在基体12内的空穴14至少部分地被构造出弯曲通路的薄的微孔膜13所围绕，在每个空穴14中有一个或多个填料颗粒16。薄膜10是微孔的和可透气的，其湿气透过率确定为至少约500克/平方米-24小时。在空穴之间的微孔膜13能让湿气分子容易地在薄膜的第一表面18和第二表面20之间扩散。
表层22和24包含许多裂缝17，这些裂缝从外表面18和20穿透至带有芯层11的界面。在薄膜10拉伸变薄过程中裂缝17在表层中出现，导致在芯层12内形成空穴。如果没有裂缝，表层将会阻止由于聚合物基体12中形成空穴使其变得容易渗透的一部分湿气的渗透。由于表层开裂，这种阻碍作用可能减少到使表层22和24不致显著地妨碍湿气渗透的程度。结果是使可透气薄膜10具有较高的整体湿气渗透率。
图2说明的是仅具有一个表层24的双层可透气薄膜10，此表层比图1中的表层更厚。图2的薄膜具有一个类似于图1中芯层的空穴化的芯层11。如图2所示，裂缝17一直穿透更厚一些的表层24。尽管这种表层厚，但由于在表层24中形成许多的裂缝，此种双层薄膜仍能保持透气性。
图3说明一种层压制品30，其中图2的双层薄膜通过热粘合、粘合剂粘合、超声波焊接等等的方法被层压至基材层40上，此基材层可以是纤维性的无纺织物，例如，纺时粘合或熔融喷射的织物。在表层24中的裂缝17提高了湿气渗透性且不会妨碍层24的粘合性能。
可能包含一定纤丝化程度的开裂表层与常规的没有表面裂纹的可透气薄膜比较，给人感觉和看起来可能更像布。在某些应用中，当可能需要无纺纤维织物层层压至薄膜上以提供柔软的和像布的感觉时，开裂的表层可以提供这种性质，而不再需要无纺的纤维织物层。
构成每一种薄膜10中芯层11的聚合物基体12可以由任何合适的成膜性热塑性聚合物形成。合适的聚合物实例包含但不限于：聚乙烯、聚丙烯、主要由乙烯和C3-C12α-烯烃形成的共聚物(通常被称为线型低密度聚乙烯)、由主要是丙烯与乙烯和/或C4-C12α-烯烃形成的共聚物和包含基于丙烯的聚合物的柔韧性的聚烯烃，此种聚合物在主要的聚丙烯链上兼具有无规和全同立构丙烯基团。其它合适的基体聚合物包含但不限于：弹性体，例如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、具有通式A-B-A′或A-B的嵌段共聚物，例如苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯共聚物、苯乙烯-聚(乙烯-丙烯)-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-聚(乙烯-丁烯)-苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯/聚(乙烯-丁烯)/聚苯乙烯、聚(苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯)聚合物，等等。茂金属催化的聚烯烃也可使用，包括在美国专利5,571,619；5,322,728；和5,272,236中描述的那些，其公开的内容在此引入作为参考。
使用茂金属催化剂制成的聚合物具有非常狭窄的分子量分布。对于茂金属生成的聚合物，其多分散性数值(Mw/Mn)可能为4以下和甚至2以下。与另外类似的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂生成的聚合物相比，这种聚合物也具有受控制的短链支化分布。也可以使用茂金属催化剂体系相当严格地控制这种聚合物的全同立构规整度。
工业化生产的茂金属聚合物是受到一些限制，但是正在增长。可从Baytown，Texas的Exxon化学公司获得这些聚合物，其基于聚丙烯的聚合物的商品名为ACHIEVE，基于聚乙烯的聚合物的商品名为EXACT和EXCEED。Midland，Michigan的Dow化学公司有市售的聚合物，其名称为AFFINITY。这些材料被认为是使用非立体选择的茂金属催化剂生产的。Exxon通常将它们的茂金属催化剂技术称为“单中心”催化剂，而Dow把它们称为“约束几何结构”催化剂，名称为INSITE，以此将它们与具有多个反应中心的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂相区别。其他的制造商，例如Fina Oil、BASF、Amoco、Hoechst和Mobil在这些领域都很活跃，人们相信依据这种技术生产的聚合物的可用性在未来的十年中将显著地增长。在本发明的实施中，基体聚烯烃是优选的并且聚乙烯是最优选的。
这种聚合物基体将构成芯层11的约20-80重量％，优选的是约25-65重量％，最优选的是约30-50重量％，其余的重量主要是来自填料颗粒16。
这些聚合物的组合物、填料含量、填料颗粒大小和拉伸度都是决定微孔芯层11的透气性的因素并由此而影响多层膜10的透气性。通常，可透气薄膜10的厚度小于约50微米，优选的是小于约30微米，最优选的是小于约20微米。
填料含量和拉伸度影响到空穴的数量和在这些空穴之间的弯曲通路的特性。所有填料的含量范围是芯层11的约20-80重量％，优选的是芯层11的约35-75重量％，最优选的是芯层11的约50-70重量％。薄膜10可以单向地或双向地拉伸。薄膜可以被单向地拉伸至其原始长度的约1.1-7.0倍，优选的是其原始长度的约1.5-6.0倍，最优选的是其原始长度的约2.5-5.0倍。也可使用本领域的技术人员所熟知的传统技术对薄膜进行双向拉伸。拉伸温度取决于采用的具体聚合物，范围可以是约38-150℃，通常是约70-95℃。
优选填料颗粒16是小的，以使穿过空穴的水汽传输最大化。通常，这些填料颗粒应有的平均粒径为约0.1-7.0微米，优选的是约0.5-7.0微米，最优选的是约0.8-2.0微米。
在芯层11中的填料颗粒16可以选自多种有机和无机填料。合适的填料包括但不限于：碳酸钙、粘土、二氧化硅、氧化铝、硫酸钡、碳酸钠、滑石、硫酸镁、二氧化钛、沸石、硫酸铝、硅藻土、硫酸镁、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、高岭土、云母、碳、氧化钙、氧化镁、氢氧化铝和聚合物颗粒。填料颗粒16上可以涂有较小数量(例如相当于2重量％)的脂肪酸或其他材料以使它们容易分散在聚合物基体中。合适的脂肪酸包括但不限于：硬脂酸，或较长链的脂肪酸例如山嵛酸。
表层22和24的厚度可以根据各种应用的需要而改变。通常希望通过使用薄的表层使透气性最大化，但在拉伸中表层的开裂使得在需要时有更多余地地使用更厚的表层。当在三层薄膜中采用两个表层22和24时，它们的结合厚度可以是薄膜总厚度的约1-30％，希望为薄膜总厚度的约2-15％，优选的是薄膜总厚度的约3-5％。每个单独的表层厚度范围可以为薄膜总厚度的约0.5-15％，希望为薄膜总厚度的约1-7.5％，优选的是薄膜总厚度的约1.5-2.5％。当在双层的薄膜中仅采用一个表层24时，其厚度可以构成薄膜总厚度的约0.5-30％，希望为薄膜总厚度的约1-15％，优选的是薄膜总厚度的约1.5-5％。
在薄膜拉伸过程中表层22和24会开裂。换言之，在从模头中共挤出时，表层保持了其完整性并不会开裂，从而它们完全可以使来自芯层11的填料颗粒16在模头处的聚积减到最少。表层的开裂会发生在随后薄膜10的拉伸中。这种拉伸通过在芯层中的填料颗粒16周围形成空穴14和在一个或两个表层上形成开裂17这两种作用赋予薄膜透气性。表层的裂缝穿过了表层，即具有等于每个表层厚度的深度。裂缝17的长度至少应有约0.1毫米，希望为约0.3-10毫米，合适地应当为约0.5-5毫米。此外，裂缝17应当以相当高的频率出现。通常，裂缝17之间的平均距离(即从每个裂缝至相邻最近的裂缝的平均距离)应该小于约10毫米，希望小于约5毫米，合适地应该小于约1毫米。
按照本发明，表层22和24各自由两种或更多种适度地不相容的聚合物共混在一起而构成。术语“适度地不相容的聚合物”意指稍微地不混溶的聚合物，它在被施加一种拉伸力而形成薄的表层时有开裂的倾向。这种适度地不相容的聚合物不应该是如此不相容以致它们在模唇处出现相分离，造成在模头处发生熔体破坏或开裂。与此不同，构成表层的这种共混聚合物应当顺利地通过模头，并且保持足够的连续性以将来自芯层的填料颗粒在模头的聚积减到最少。可是这种聚合物又应该是足够地不相容以便使该多层膜在使用上述的条件和下述的方法被拉伸时在表层产生分离和开裂。
在某些实施方案中，这种表层可以包含约20-80重量％的第一种聚合物，此第一种聚合物选自：使用常规的高压聚合方法(25,000-50,000psi)制成的支化低密度聚乙烯，含有高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和乙烯丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。这种支化低密度聚乙烯的密度可以为约0.910-0.925克/立方厘米，支化度为每1000个碳原子有约15-30当量的甲基，熔点为约110-120℃。乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物可使用类似的高压方法制成，优选的是含有小于约8重量％的醋酸乙烯酯，更优选的是小于约5重量％的醋酸乙烯酯。
这种表层还可以包含约20-80重量％的第二种聚合物，它是含有主要百分比的丙烯和较小百分比的乙烯的乙烯-丙烯共聚物弹性体。合适的第二种聚合物包括多相的丙烯-乙烯聚合物，例如，包括a)聚丙烯均聚物或具有高达约10％乙烯的无规共聚物，b)含有约20-40％乙烯的丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物和c)包含多于55％乙烯的丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物的多相反应器的共混物。多相的丙烯-乙烯聚合物在授予Giacobbe的美国专利5,453,318，授予Lesca等人的美国专利5,368,927；授予Giacobbe的美国专利5,331,047；授予Ogale的美国专利5,318,842；授予Ogale的美国专利5,300,365；和授予Ogale的美国专利5,212,246中都有描述。其公开的内容在此引入作为参考。
在上述实施方案中，表层优选包含约30-70重量％的第一和第二种组分中的每一种，更优选的是包含约40-60重量％的第一和第二种组分中的每一种。
在另外的实施方案中，这种表层可以包含约75-98重量％的第一种组分，它选自：支化低密度聚乙烯、具有高达约12重量％的醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和乙烯丙烯酸甲酯；和约2-25重量％的选自聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚丁烯的第二种组分。在这些实施方案中，表层优选包含约80-97重量％的第一种组分和约3-20重量％的第二种组分，更优选约90-95重量％的第一种组分和约5-10重量％的第二种组分。
表层22和24应该有合理必要的厚度以提供这两种功能：在共挤出过程中减轻填料在模头的聚积和在随后使薄膜10能粘结在基材上。另外，这种表层应该尽可能地薄，以使可透气的芯层11能强烈地影响和/或控制多层膜10的透气性。薄膜10整体的湿气渗透率(“MVTR”)按照如上所述的方法测定应至少为约500克/平方米-24小时。优选地，薄膜10的湿气透过率应至少为约1500克/平方米-24小时，更优选地，应至少为约3000克/平方米-24小时。
图4说明了用于形成透气多层薄膜和层压制品的整体工艺。参看图4，薄膜10是通过一种薄膜共挤出设备40例如铸塑或吹塑装置形成的，这种装置可以是在线的或离线的。通常这种设备40包括两三个挤出机41。为了制成芯层，在一种混合器(未画出)中制备包括聚合物基体材料和填料的填充树脂并将其送进挤出机41。为了制成各个表层，可用类似的附加的混合器(未画出)和挤压设备41来混合这些不相容的聚合物组分并将它们挤出成为在芯层一侧或两侧的表层。将多层薄膜10挤出后置于一种冷却辊42上，此冷却辊可以是带花样的以便给予新形成的薄膜10一种压花花样。在冷却辊42上冷却薄膜。由相邻于冷却辊的真空箱43在冷却辊的表面上造成真空以协助保持薄膜贴近冷却辊的表面。空气刮刀或静电销44也促使薄膜10贴在辊表面。
来自薄膜挤出设备40或附带的离线转辊的多层膜10被送至薄膜拉伸装置47，该装置可为一台加工方向拉伸机，其可由包括Marshall andWilliams公司(Providence，Rhode Island)的供应商处买到。设备47有多个拉伸辊46a-e，这些拉伸辊在加工方向，也就是薄膜的移动方向上逐步地拉伸和使薄膜变薄。这些辊46a-e被加热至需要的拉伸温度后，对多层膜10施加一定的应力并逐步地将多层薄膜10拉伸至这样一种拉伸长度，即如同以上说明的那样：芯层11变得微孔和可透气，并且表层22和24变得有裂缝。虽然设备47被表示出具有五个拉伸辊46a-e，辊的数目也可以更多或更少，它取决于需要的拉伸程度和在每对辊之间的拉伸量。
将薄膜10单向地拉伸至其原始长度的约1.1-7.0倍，优选地，是其原始长度的2-6倍，合适地，是其原始长度的约3-5倍是有利的，对于大多数基于聚烯烃的薄膜来说，采用高的拉伸温度约为38-150℃，优选地，约70-95℃是有利的。可以通过加热某些或全部拉伸辊46a-e维持这一高的拉伸温度。最合适的拉伸温度随这种芯层和表层的聚合物薄膜10而变化，并且通常是在芯层11中的基体聚合物的熔融温度以下。
采用本领域已知的常规粘合剂结合法或热粘合技术可以将多层膜10层压至一种或多种基材，例如一种无纺织物上。基材和粘结的类型将随具体的最终用途而变化。再次参考图4，薄膜10可以在其被拉伸后立即层压至无纺织物30上。在一个实施方案中，一种可颈缩的无纺织物30(它可以是一种纺时粘合织物)由供料辊62展开。然后这种可颈缩的材料30按照箭头所示的反S形缠绕路径穿过S形配置轧辊66的由多个辊68-70形成的辊隙64。辊68和70以比下游的压延机粘结辊58更慢的圆周速度转动，造成织物30被拉紧并向内缩进。被拉紧的颈缩材料可以在喷雾设备72下通过，这种喷雾设备通过模头74在织物30的表面上喷涂粘合剂73。经或未经粘结剂处理的颈缩织物30然后可以与多层薄膜10相连并在压延机转辊58之间粘合，如有必要可以加热压延机转辊。在图4中的薄膜10同时在其另一面完成了与来自供料辊63的第二种材料30a的粘合。第二种材料30a可以是第二种无纺织物或另一个薄膜层。得到的层压制品32在供料辊60上卷绕和积存。
得到的透气层压制件可以用于多种身体护理用吸收性制品和医用制品。吸收性的制品包括但不限于：尿布、训练裤、游泳装、吸收性的内裤、成人大小便失禁用品、女性卫生用品等等。医用制品包括医用的服装、内衬垫、绷带、被单、医用的抹布等等。
可以使用自调节薄膜的层压制品和最终用途的其它实例在转让Kimberly Clark Worldwide公司的各个专利和专利申请书中都有描述。这些包括但不限于：美国专利申请号08/359,986,1994年12月20日申请；美国专利申请号08/755,692,1996年11月25日申请；和美国专利申请号08/777,365,1996年12月27日申请。这些专利申请书全部在此引入作为参考。
虽然这里公开的发明实施方案目前认为是优选的，但是仍可以在不脱离本发明的实质和范围下做出各种变更和改进。通过附属的权利要求书指明了本发明的范围，并且所有属于相等意思和范围的变化都被认定为包含在其内。

Claims (41)

1.一种可透气的拉伸变薄的薄膜，它包括芯层和在芯层的一侧或两侧的表层；
该芯层包含一种或多种热塑性聚合物和填料颗粒的混合物，并且在填料颗粒的周围有空穴；
至少一个表层包含约20-80重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约20-80重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
2.权利要求1的可透气薄膜，其中第二种不相容的聚合物包含一种乙烯-丙烯共聚物弹性体，这种弹性体含有主要百分比的丙烯和较小百分比的乙烯。
3.权利要求2的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含支化低密度聚乙烯。
4.权利要求2的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含一种含有最高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
5.权利要求2的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含一种乙烯丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。
6.权利要求1的可透气薄膜，其中芯层两侧的表层包含约20-80重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约20-80重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
7.权利要求1的可透气薄膜，其中至少一侧的表层包含约30-70重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约30-70重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
8.权利要求7的可透气薄膜，其中芯层两侧的表层包含约30-70重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约30-70重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
9.权利要求1的可透气薄膜，其中至少一侧的表层包含约40-60重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约40-60重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
10.权利要求9的可透气薄膜，其中芯层两侧的表层包含约40-60重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约40-60重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
11.一种可透气的拉伸变薄的薄膜，它包括芯层和在芯层的一侧或两侧的表层；
该芯层包含一种或多种热塑性聚合物和填料颗粒的混合物，并且在填料颗粒的周围有空穴；
至少一个表层包含约75-98重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约2-25重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
12.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含支化低密度聚乙烯和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚丙烯。
13.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含支化低密度聚乙烯和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚苯乙烯。
14.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含支化低密度聚乙烯和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚丁烯。
15.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含一种含有最高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚丙烯。
16.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含一种含有最高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚苯乙烯。
17.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含一种含有最高达约12重量％醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚丁烯。
18.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含乙烯丙烯酸甲酯，和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚丙烯。
19.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含乙烯丙烯酸甲酯，和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚苯乙烯。
20.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中第一种不相容的聚合物包含乙烯丙烯酸甲酯，和第二种不相容的聚合物包含聚丁烯。
21.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，包含约80-97重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约3-20重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物。
22.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，包含约90-95重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约5-10重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物。
23.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中芯层两侧的表层包含约75-98重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约2-25重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
24.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中至少一个表层包含约80-97重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约3-20重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
25.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中芯层两侧的表层包含约80-97重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约3-20重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
26.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中至少一个表层包含约90-95重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约5-10重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
27.权利要求11的可透气薄膜，其中芯层两侧的表层包含约90-95重量％的第一种不相容的聚合物和约5-10重量％的第二种不相容的聚合物，并且其中形成了多个裂缝。
28.一种制备多层可透气薄膜的方法，包含的步骤有：
将一种芯层和在芯层一侧或两侧的表层一起共挤出形成共挤出薄膜，该芯层包含一种或多种热塑性聚合物和微粒填料的混合物，该表层包含至少两种不相容的聚合物的混合物；
将该共挤出薄膜在至少一个方向上拉伸至原始长度的约1.1-7.0倍，形成可透气的拉伸变薄的多层薄膜；
在薄膜拉伸的过程中在这种芯层里形成空穴；和
在薄膜拉伸过程中在表层中形成裂缝。
29.一种按照权利要求28的方法制备的可透气薄膜。
30.一种包含权利要求29的薄膜和一种纤维性的无纺织物的可透气层压制品。
31.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的尿布。
32.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的训练裤。
33.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的游泳装。
34.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的吸收性内裤。
35.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的成人大小便失禁用品。
36.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的女性卫生用品。
37.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的医用服装。
38.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的内衬垫。
39.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的绷带。
40.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的医用被单。
41.一种包含权利要求30的层压制品的医用抹布。
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CN101175629B (zh) * 2005-05-12 2012-02-15 克劳佩塑料制品有限公司 具有脆性不粘连表面的弹性膜
CN101460129B (zh) * 2006-06-30 2012-06-13 Sca卫生产品股份公司 吸收性物品
CN108136743A (zh) * 2015-08-27 2018-06-08 3M创新有限公司 拉伸材料、拉伸构件和衣物制品
CN108136743B (zh) * 2015-08-27 2021-09-17 3M创新有限公司 拉伸材料、拉伸构件和衣物制品

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AU771216B2 (en) 2004-03-18
EP1218181A1 (en) 2002-07-03
EP1218181B1 (en) 2009-02-25
AU6924900A (en) 2001-03-26
AR027844A1 (es) 2003-04-16
WO2001015898A1 (en) 2001-03-08
KR100668020B1 (ko) 2007-01-15
KR20020020972A (ko) 2002-03-16
BR0013601A (pt) 2002-05-14
MXPA02001618A (es) 2002-07-02
CO5160352A1 (es) 2002-05-30
DE60041646D1 (de) 2009-04-09
BR0013601B1 (pt) 2010-09-21
US6682803B2 (en) 2004-01-27
ZA200201121B (en) 2003-05-28
JP2003508254A (ja) 2003-03-04
CN100408327C (zh) 2008-08-06
US20020187304A1 (en) 2002-12-12

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