CN1377248A - 一种植入物 - Google Patents

一种植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1377248A
CN1377248A CN00813758A CN00813758A CN1377248A CN 1377248 A CN1377248 A CN 1377248A CN 00813758 A CN00813758 A CN 00813758A CN 00813758 A CN00813758 A CN 00813758A CN 1377248 A CN1377248 A CN 1377248A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant
diameter
screw thread
column
coupling part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN00813758A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN1185991C (zh
Inventor
T·阿尔布勒克特松
L·卡尔松
M·雅各布松
W·麦唐纳德
S·温贝里
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Astra Tech AB
AstraZeneca AB
Original Assignee
Astra Tech AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE9903612A external-priority patent/SE9903612D0/xx
Priority claimed from SE9903607A external-priority patent/SE9903607D0/xx
Application filed by Astra Tech AB filed Critical Astra Tech AB
Publication of CN1377248A publication Critical patent/CN1377248A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1185991C publication Critical patent/CN1185991C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3601—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses for replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur, e.g. endoprosthetic femoral heads or necks directly fixed to the natural femur by internal fixation devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A61B17/742—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30317—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30327—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter
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Abstract

一种具有骨内锚固结构(3)的插入并永久性锚固在骨组织内的植入物(1)。锚固结构(3)具有通常为圆形的截面,并包括具有第一直径的第一圆柱部分(11)和具有比第一直径小的第二直径的第二圆柱部分(13),所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11,13)均带有螺纹。锚固结构(3)还包括锥形连接部分(15),其位于所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11,13)之间并将两者连在一起。

Description

一种植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种插入并永久锚固在人体骨架或骨组织内的植入物。更具体说，本发明涉及一种具有带螺纹的锚固结构的植入物，此锚固结构包括具有第一直径的第一圆柱部分和具有第二直径的第二圆柱部分，所述第二直径小于所述第一直径。
本发明尤其涉及但不限于这种以髋关节修复用的股骨固定物形式出现的植入物。
背景技术
在本申请人在先的国际专利申请WO93/01769，WO93/16663和WO97/25939中介绍了这种以髋关节修复用的股骨固定物形式出现的植入物，它采用带有外螺纹的第一和第二圆柱部分与股骨的骨组织相互接合。专利WO93/01769中公开的带有螺纹的第一和第二圆柱部分是通过首先将第二圆柱部分从股骨大转子下面插入股骨腔，然后将第一圆柱部分从切除股骨头部后形成的切除区侧边插入股骨颈而在股骨内组装在一起的。另一方面，专利WO93/16663和WO97/25939中公开的股骨固定物的带有螺纹的第一和第二圆柱部分是在股骨固定物锚固在股骨颈内之前整体成形或预先组装好的，股骨固定物锚固在股骨颈内是通过将股骨固定物从切除股骨头部后形成的切除区侧面拧进股骨腔中而完成。
在专利WO93/01769、WO93/16663和WO97/25939中公开的股骨固定物中，第一圆柱部分进入到第二圆柱部分中。这种植入物的一个缺点是在植入之后骨组织与植入物之间存在较大的应力。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种可减少上述缺点的植入物。
根据本发明提供的一种具有如独立权利要求所定义的特征的植入物，可以达到这个目的和其它目的。在从属权利要求中定义了优选实施例。
根据本发明提供了一种插入并永久锚固在骨组织上的植入物，其包括截面基本为圆形的骨内锚固结构，所述锚固结构包括具有第一直径的第一圆柱部分和具有第二直径的第二圆柱部分，所述第二直径小于所述第一直径，所述第一和第二圆柱部分均带有螺纹。所述植入物的特征在于，所述锚固结构包括所述处于第一和第二圆柱部分之间并将这两者相互连接在一起的锥形连接部分。
本发明的植入物可以是整形用的植入物，例如下面实施例介绍的髋关节修复用的股骨固定物。
因此，本发明基于提供一种具有连接第一和第二带有螺纹的圆柱部分的锥形连接部分的上述植入物的有利想法。
这种锥形连接部分将克服上述的缺点，并具有多种其它的优点。首先，由于采用了本发明的锥形连接部分，因此由现有技术的植入物中不同直径的圆柱部分之间尖锐的、台阶式的过渡区引起的应力将从根本上减小。
另一优点在于，当植入物植入骨组织内的对应形状的孔中时，设置锥形连接部分可以使植入物的插入更容易。这是因为植入物的远端可以由与锥形连接部分相配的孔的锥形部分来引导。因此，孔没有与植入物的插入方向直接相对的表面，而现有技术的植入物中存在这种相对表面的情况(见专利WO 97/25939中图5的第50项)。
其它的优点还有当植入物植入骨组织时，设置锥形连接部分可以产生楔紧的效果。这种楔紧效果增加了所述植入物在植入后短期和长期的稳定性。这主要归结于植入物和围绕在植入结合部位周围的松质骨组织之间存在着正接触力的径向分力。
如果在本发明和上述现有技术的植入物中，在植入后由周围骨组织施加的纵向力基本相等，那么本发明植入物上的横向力将比现有技术中台阶式植入物上的横向力要大。这是因为纵向力由锥形连接部分的倾斜表面承受，由此产生的横向力具有一个径向分力。现有技术的植入物中没有此径向分力，因为只有近端圆柱部分(例如专利WO 97/25939图1中的第2项)的径向头部(例如专利WO97/25939图1中的第10项)才承受类似的纵向力。
尽管总体的横向力增加，但单位面积的实际作用力不会增加。这是因为，由于具有本发明的锥形连接部分，能承受纵向接触力的接触表面将大大地增加，如同现有技术中植入物的径向头部一样。
而且，本发明的锥形连接部分也促进了植入物和松质骨组织之间的整体结合(本领域中的用语为“骨结合(osseointegration)”)。这主要是由连接部分的接触表面形状引起，同时也是由于松质骨组织施加在植入物上的整体接触力增加的结果。
通常如下面介绍的实施例一样，第一圆柱部分位于在第二圆柱部分的近端，连接部分的锥度沿远端的方向向内倾斜。
锥形连接部分最好具有截头锥体的形状，也可采用其它不脱离本发明范围的锥形形状。
根据本发明的优选实施例，第一圆柱部分的直径应适合于将要使用植入物的特定病人的股骨的实际大小和形状。因此，第一圆柱部分的直径将会有很大的不同。但是，第二圆柱部分直径的选用最好在比较窄的有限范围。因此，连接部分的侧面角根据第一和第二圆柱部分实际尺寸而变化，侧面角可在10°到50°的范围内变动，最好是在20°到40°的范围内变动。
另外，连接部分的纵向延伸长度应在5到15mm范围内，最好在7到11mm的范围内。
锥形连接部分与第一圆柱部分相连的头部的直径最好与第一圆柱部分的直径基本相同。同样地，锥形连接部分与第二圆柱部分相连的头部的直径最好与第二圆柱部分的直径基本相同。
根据本发明的优选实施例，连接部分至少部分具有凹凸不平的表面。这将进一步促进圆柱部分之间过渡区域的骨结合过程。这种凹凸不平的表面可以通过喷丸处理最好是喷砂处理、蚀刻或其他类似的方法得到。或者，或附加地，连接部分也可设有圆周向的凹凸不平，其最好由车加工得到。这种圆周向的凹凸不平可以是凹槽、尖突部(bead)、纹路或螺纹的形式。
根据本发明的优选实施例，锥形连接部分至少部分带有螺纹。锥形连接部分的螺纹最好与第一和第二圆柱部分的螺纹不同。锥形连接部分的螺纹高度最好比两圆柱部分的螺纹高度低。连接部分的螺纹轮廓最好采用微螺纹的形式，螺纹高度应不超过0.3mm，较理想在0.1到0.25mm的范围内，最好在0.2mm左右。
螺纹也可以有其他方面的差别，比如连接部分螺纹的螺距比圆柱部分螺纹的螺距小。
或者，连接部分的螺纹与圆柱部分的螺纹基本相同。
当圆周向的凹凸不平为尖突部或纹路的形式时，所述凹凸不平的高度应不超过0.3mm，较理想在0.1到0.25mm的范围内，最好在0.2mm左右。
或者，连接部分至少部分或整个表面也可以是光滑的，甚至是抛光的。
在本发明的一个实施例如下面将要介绍的实施例中，至少在锥形连接部分的一部分上设有一个或多个自攻丝的切割槽。所述切割槽最好是等距离地呈圆形设置。
根据本发明的优选实施例，植入物还包括将植入物的头部与第一圆柱部分相连的近端锥形部分。近端锥形部分增加了植入物和其周围的骨组织之间的接触，提高了锚固在骨组织内的植入物的稳定性。
近端锥形部分最好具有截头锥体的形状，其侧面角应在8°到15°的范围内，较理想在10°到13°的范围内，最好在12°左右。该近端锥形部分与第一圆柱部分相连的端部直径最好与第一圆柱部分的直径基本相等。
近端锥形截部分的表面最好具有圆周向的凹凸不平，如尖突部或螺纹的形式。尖突部或螺纹的高度应不超过0.3mm，较理想在0.1到0.25mm的范围内，最好在0.2mm左右。
所述尖突部或螺纹最好在切除表面处与股骨颈的骨层(cortex)34接合。因此，提供了植入物的较坚固的短期锚固。另外，由于改善了近端锥形部分与周围骨组织之间的骨结合，提供了较坚固的长期锚固。
根据本发明的实施例，上述头部具有邻接近端锥形部分的凸缘，对植入物插入骨组织起到限制的作用。朝向近端锥形部分的凸缘表面最好向内倾斜，以便与已切除成对应的倾斜形状的骨组织相配合。倾斜角应在10°到20°的范围内，最好在15°左右。或者，朝向近端锥形部分的凸缘表面也可以为凹形，以便与凸的骨组织表面相配合。因此，在植入物和骨组织表面之间就形成了更好的接触。
所述凸缘表面最好具有径向间隔开的圆形尖突部或槽，以提高所植入的植入物的稳定性，并促进植入物与骨组织之间的骨结合。这些尖突部的高度应在0.1到0.5mm的范围内，较理想在0.2到0.4mm的范围内，最好在0.3mm左右。
下面将通过示例并结合附图对本发明的实施例进行介绍。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的髋关节修复用的股骨固定物的透视图，
图2是图1所示的股骨固定物的反面透视图，
图3是股骨固定物的纵向侧视图，
图4是股骨固定物的纵向剖视图，
图5是显示了近端锥形部分和股骨固定物头部的局部放大剖视图，
图6是股骨固定物的底部视图，
图7是人体股骨颈的局部剖视图，其中形成了用于容纳股骨固定物的孔，
图8是人体股骨颈的局部剖视图，其中插入了股骨固定物。
具体实施方式
如图1至图8所示，显示了一种最好由商业纯钛制作的髋关节修复用的股骨固定物1，其包括(i)具有圆形截面的骨内锚固部分3；和(ii)头部5。锚固部分3用于从侧面插入具有互补形状的孔30(图7)中，所述孔30通过在切除股骨头形成的切除区33而在股骨颈内钻出。股骨固定物的头部5在骨内锚固部分3位于孔30中时从切除区域33伸出(图8)，以支撑髋关节修复用的球形件25。球形件25与解剖上的髋臼孔相配合，或者在要求进行整体髋关节修复的情况下与髋关节修复用的髋臼部件相配合。
从图1到图3中可以看出，骨内锚固部分3具有不同外径的近端和远端圆柱部分11，13，近端圆柱部分11的直径大于远端圆柱部分13的直径。骨内锚固部分3还具有与远端圆柱部分13相连的锥形末端部分12，将近端圆柱部分11和远端圆柱部分13相连的截头锥形连接部分15，以及将近端圆柱部分11与头部5连接在一起的近端锥形部分18。
近端圆柱部分11具有带螺纹的外表面，用于拧入所述孔的外骨部分32中。远端圆柱部分13也具有带螺纹的外表面，用于拧入与所述外骨部分32同轴的窄孔31中。近端圆柱部分11的螺纹和远端圆柱部分13的螺纹具有相同的螺距和高度。
近端和远端圆柱部分11，13的螺纹外径应比股骨颈的孔30内(见图7)具有互补形状的外骨部分32和窄孔31的内径要大。因此，通过将股骨固定物1拧入孔30中，使近端和远端圆柱部分11，13的螺纹拧入孔30内壁的骨组织，骨内锚固部分3就能与孔30锚固在一起。
如图8所示，近端圆柱部分11的直径大小应能够保证其螺纹能与坚质骨34的周边层重合，如专利WO93/16663和WO97/25939中所述。因此，近端圆柱部分11就固定在更结实的坚质骨34中，而不是固定在更疏松的松质骨35中，因此股骨固定物1能更好地固定在股骨颈中。由于各个病人的股骨尺寸不同，因此近端圆柱部分的直径可在大约16到26mm的范围内变化(比较图3和图8)。
如图8所示，骨内锚固部分3的轴向长度应使得当骨内锚固部分3处于锚固位置时其远端部12穿过侧向骨层34而伸出。
如图3到5所示，近端锥形部分18也带有螺纹。这些螺纹的高度为0.2mm(所谓的微螺纹)，其比近端和远端圆柱部分11，13的螺纹高度低。而且，近端锥形部分18的尺寸大小应使微螺纹与股骨颈的骨层34在切除表面接合。在此实施例中，近端锥形截部分18的侧面角约为12°，轴向尺寸约为8mm。
近端锥形部分18的远端直径应适合邻接的近端圆柱部分11的直径，使得近端锥形部分18和近端圆柱部分11的过渡区内没有尖锐边缘。因此，近端锥形部分18的近端直径应在约20到30mm的范围内。
远端圆柱部分13的直径不必随病人股骨尺寸而变化。远端圆柱部分13的直径约在11mm左右，或在10到12mm的范围内。
截头锥形连接部分15将近端和远端圆柱部分11，13连接在一起。在此实施例中，连接部分15两端的直径分别与近端和远端圆柱部分11，13的直径一致。换句话说，连接部分15远端的直径与远端圆柱部分13的直径基本相同，连接部分15近端的直径与近端圆柱部分11的直径基本相同。
由于近端圆柱部分11的直径可以随不同的股骨固定物而变化，而远端圆柱部分13的直径不变，因此，连接部分的尺寸可根据近端和远端圆柱部分11，13之间直径的变化差异而变化。由于连接部分的轴向长度相对较小，例如约在7.5到10.5mm的范围内，因此连接部分的侧面角可从与最窄固定物相对应的20°变动到与最宽固定物相对应的37°。
在这里介绍的本发明实施例中，截头锥形连接部分15的表面可以采用喷砂处理的表面，以促进该表面与其周围的松质骨组织之间的骨结合。或者，该表面也可以采用带螺纹的形式来促进上述的骨结合及增强股骨固定物1的锚固。此外，截头锥形连接部分15的表面也可以是光滑的，甚至是抛光的。
如图2和图3所示，穿过近端圆柱部分11和截头锥形连接部分15之间的边界上设有一系列等距的、呈圆周分布的、具有尖锐边缘的切割槽或凹痕14，用于在预先切割好的外骨部分32中自攻丝。每一切割槽14与近端圆柱部分11中的通道16相通，使得在股骨固定物1拧入股骨颈腔的孔时被切割槽14切下的骨组织能够进行自体移植，细节详见专利WO97/25939。
此外，穿过远端圆柱部分13和远端锥形头部部分12之间的边界上设有一系列短的、具有锐边并呈圆周分布的切割槽17，使远端圆柱部分13能在所述钻出的窄孔31中自攻丝。
如图1，7和8所示，股骨固定物1的头部5具有凸缘20和锥形固定部分23，用来安装髋关节修复用的球形件25。固定部分23有凹槽24以容纳球形件25。通过与孔30开口附近的股骨切除区33相邻接，凸缘20对骨内锚固部分3插入股骨颈的孔起限制的作用。从图5可以看出，远端面21(如图5)向内倾斜，以与股骨切除区33的相对应的倾斜骨表面相配合(如图7)。在此处介绍的实施例中倾斜的角度约为15°。此外，如图6所示，为促进锚固和骨结合，凸缘20的远端面21设有径向隔开的尖突部22，所述尖突部的高度约为0.3mm。
如专利WO93/16663和WO97/25939所公开的植入股骨固定物的手术也适用于股骨固定物1的植入，此专利在此用作参考。
股骨固定物1的锚固主要依靠股骨内螺纹的接合，主要是近端圆柱部分11的螺纹在股骨颈的骨层34中的接合以及远端圆柱部分13的螺纹与股骨的侧骨层34中的啮合。这就是与如GB-A-2033755所述的依靠推力板机构来固定的股骨固定物的不同之处。
在这里参考附图进行介绍的股骨固定物1可以在本发明的范围内以多种不同的方式进行变化。例如，股骨固定物1可以是组件的形式，其各部件可通过这样的方式组装：(i)作为一个整体从侧边插入骨组织中，如专利WO93/16663所述；(ii)在骨组织的孔内连接在一起，如专利WO93/01769所述。股骨固定物1也可以由任何一种生物相容性材料制成，其强度应足以抵抗就地施加在其上的荷载。
应该理解，在上文中参考一个实施例介绍了本发明，本发明可以在所附权利要求的范围内以多种不同的方式进行变化。例如，植入物不限于髋关节修复用的股骨固定物。举例来说，植入物可以采用骨组织固定螺钉的形式。还应理解，在所附权利要求中使用附图中的标号，其目的是说明性的，不应视为对权利要求有限制作用。

Claims (35)

1一种插入并永久地锚固在骨组织内的植入物(1)，包括截面基本为圆形的骨内锚固结构(3)，所述锚固结构(3)包括具有第一直径的第一圆柱部分(11)和具有比所述第一直径小的第二直径的第二圆柱部分(13)，所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11，13)均带有螺纹，其特征在于，所述锚固结构(3)包括锥形连接部分(15)，其位于所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11，13)之间并将两者相互连接在一起。
2.如权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述植入物是整形修复用的固定物(1)。
3.如权利要求2所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述植入物是髋关节修复用的股骨固定物(1)。
4如上述任一项权利要求所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)具有截头锥体的形状。
5.如权利要求4所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)的一端具有基本等于所述第一圆柱部分(11)的所述第一直径的基部直径，另一端具有基本等于所述第二圆柱部分(13)的所述第二直径的顶部直径。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)具有侧面角，其在10°到50°范围内，最好是在20°到40°范围内。
7.如上述任一项权利要求所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)至少部分具有凹凸不平的表面。
8.如权利要求7所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述凹凸不平的表面至少部分为喷丸处理的表面，最好是喷砂处理的表面。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述凹凸不平的表面至少部分具有圆周向的凹凸不平。
10.如权利要求9所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周向的凹凸不平为圆周的尖突部形式。
11.如权利要求10所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周的尖突部的高度小于所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11，13)的螺纹的高度。
12.如权利要求11所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周的尖突部的高度不超过0.3mm，较理想在0.1到0.25mm的范围内，最好在0.2mm左右。
13.如权利要求9所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周向的凹凸不平为螺纹的形式。
14.如权利要求13所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)的螺纹不同于所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11，13)的螺纹。
15.如权利要求14所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)的螺纹的高度小于所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11，13)的螺纹的高度。
16.如权利要求15所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)的螺纹为微螺纹的形式。
17.如权利要求16所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述微螺纹的高度不超过0.3mm，较理想在0.1到0.25mm的范围内，最好在0.2mm左右。
18.如权利要求13所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述第一和第二圆柱部分(11，13)的螺纹高度和所述连接部分(15)的螺纹高度基本相同。
19.如上述任一项权利要求所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分至少部分具有光滑的表面。
20.如权利要求1到7中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分的整个表面是光滑的。
21.如上述任一项权利要求所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述连接部分(15)的至少一部分上设有一个或多个自攻丝的切割槽(14)。
22.如上述任一项权利要求所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述植入物(1)包括头部(5)，所述锚固结构(3)包括位于所述第一圆柱部分(11)与所述头部(5)之间并将两者相互连接在一起的近端锥形部分(18)。
23.如权利要求22所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述近端部分(18)为截头锥体的形状。
24.如权利要求23所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述近端部分(18)与所述第一圆柱部分(11)相连的一端的直径基本等于所述第一圆柱部分(11)的所述第一直径。
25.如权利要求23或24所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述近端部分(18)具有侧面角，其在8°到15°的范围内，较理想在10°到13°的范围内，最好在12°左右。
26.如权利要求22到25中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述近端部分至少部分具有圆周向的凹凸不平。
27.如权利要求26所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周向的凹凸不平为圆周的尖突部形式。
28.如权利要求26所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周向的凹凸不平为螺纹的形式。
29.如权利要求27或28所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆周向的凹凸不平的高度不超过0.3mm，较理想在0.1到0.25mm的范围内，最好在0.2mm左右。
30.如权利要求22到29中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述头部(5)包括具有与所述锚固结构(3)邻接的远端面(21)的凸缘(20)。
31.如权利要求30所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述远端面(21)朝所述凸缘(20)基体的方向向内倾斜。
32.如权利要求31所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述远端面(21)向内倾斜的倾斜角在10°到20°的范围内，最好在15°左右。
33.如权利要求30所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述远端面(21)为凹面。
34.如权利要求30到33中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述远端面(21)表面具有径向隔开的圆形尖突部(22)。
35.如权利要求34所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述圆形尖突部(22)的高度在0.1到0.5mm的范围内，较理想在0.2到0.4mm的范围内，最好在0.3mm左右。
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ATE271361T1 (de) 2004-08-15
DE60013469T2 (de) 2005-09-01
CA2386233A1 (en) 2001-04-12
DE60012352D1 (de) 2004-08-26
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EP1223894B1 (en) 2004-07-21
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CN1185991C (zh) 2005-01-26
CA2386229A1 (en) 2001-04-12
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EP1225849B1 (en) 2004-09-01
US6824568B1 (en) 2004-11-30
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US7156879B1 (en) 2007-01-02
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JP2004504070A (ja) 2004-02-12
ATE274877T1 (de) 2004-09-15

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