CN1373548A - Transportation system and motor-generator - Google Patents

Transportation system and motor-generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1373548A
CN1373548A CN02102457A CN02102457A CN1373548A CN 1373548 A CN1373548 A CN 1373548A CN 02102457 A CN02102457 A CN 02102457A CN 02102457 A CN02102457 A CN 02102457A CN 1373548 A CN1373548 A CN 1373548A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
field magnet
mentioned
motor generator
axle
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN02102457A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1285161C (en
Inventor
金弘中
上田茂太
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication of CN1373548A publication Critical patent/CN1373548A/en
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Publication of CN1285161C publication Critical patent/CN1285161C/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/028—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections
    • H02K21/029—Vectorial combination of the fluxes generated by a plurality of field sections or of the voltages induced in a plurality of armature sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C9/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of transmission system used; Transmission systems specially adapted for locomotives or motor railcars
    • B61C9/38—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion
    • B61C9/48—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion with motors supported on vehicle frames and driving axles, e.g. axle or nose suspension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/04—Types of bogies with more than one axle with driven axles or wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/16—Types of bogies with a separate axle for each wheel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Abstract

A dynamo-electric machine has a stator with a primary winding and a rotor with a field magnet and a shaft. the field magnet includes a first field magnet having diferent polarity magnetic poles sequentially arranged in a rotation direction and a second field magnet having diferent polarity magnetic poles sequentially arranged in a rotation direction. The machine further has a mechanism for shifting the first and the second field magnets in axial and rotation directions.

Description

Transportation system and motor generator
Background of invention
The present invention relates to adopt permanent magnet to make the motor generator of field system, particularly relate to method and the motor generator that in delivery vehicle system or transportation system, drives and regenerate.
In the permanent-magnetic field type motor generator of prior art, induced electromotive force E is definite by the rotational angular velocity ω of constant magnetic flux Φ that is placed in epitrochanterian permanent magnet generation and motor generator.That is when the rotational angular velocity ω of motor generator (velocity of rotation) increased, induced electromotive force increased pro rata.
Therefore, in low-speed range, can obtain high moment of torsion, but because the variable range of rotating speed is very narrow, operation is difficult in high-speed range.Therefore can think that the high speed operation scope utilizes magnetic field reduction control technology and broadening.
In addition, as the weaken method in magnetic field of the magnetic flux that produces by permanent magnet, adopt the centrifugal force of spring and the mechanism of speed regulator to be disclosed among the Japanese publication No.2000-155262.
With the method for the broadening high speed operation scope of above-mentioned magnetic field reduction control technology because the reduction field supply has brought the restriction that produces heat and efficient reduction.
In addition, in Japanese publication No.2000-155262 in the disclosed method, the structure more complicated of spring and speed regulator.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of motor generator, wherein make the magnetic field reduction of the magnetic flux that produces by permanent magnet become possibility by a simple structure.
In addition, another object of the present invention provides a kind of transportation system, and this system comprises the permanent-magnet type motor generator, and this motor generator can obtain high moment of torsion when low engine speed range or transmission system begin, can obtain high dynamic characteristics in high engine speed range.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of motor generator comprises the stator with a winding, the rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle.Wherein above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with in order and has the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that sequentially is placed in rotation direction.The mechanism that this motor generator also is included in axially and rotation direction moves the first and second magnetic field magnet.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of motor generator comprises the stator with a winding, the rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle.Wherein above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that sequentially in rotational direction is provided with and has the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that sequentially in rotational direction is provided with.This motor generator also comprises with respect to another magnetic field magnet and moves a magnetic field magnet mechanism vertically with on the rotation direction.Wherein the resultant magnetic field of the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet is changed.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of transportation system comprises a motor generator, wherein the resultant magnetic field of the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet is changed, and this motor generator comprises the stator with a winding, the rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle.Above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that sequentially in rotational direction is provided with and has the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that sequentially in rotational direction is provided with.Above-mentioned motor generator also comprises with so that the mechanism that magnetic field magnet moves with respect to another magnetic field magnet with rotation direction vertically; A vehicle, described electronic-generator is the energy of described vehicle, one provides the current collector of electric energy and controls the electrical energy transformer of the electric energy of above-mentioned motor generator from the outside to described vehicle.
Summary of drawings
Fig. 1 is the layout of motor generator of expression one embodiment of the invention and the schematic diagram of vehicle.
Fig. 2 is the whole generalized schematic of Fig. 1 motor generator.
Fig. 3 is that the pole center of same pole of presentation graphs 1 dynamo-electric machine rotor is with the schematic diagram of the situation of phase time.
Fig. 4 is the diagrammatic sketch of situation of the different phase times of pole center of the same pole of presentation graphs 1 dynamo-electric machine rotor.
Fig. 5 is the various characteristics of presentation graphs 1 motor generator and the curve chart of rotation speed relation.
Fig. 6 is the controlling party block diagram of Fig. 1 motor generator.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic sketch (starter is in off state) of another embodiment of motor generator of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the diagrammatic sketch (starter is in on-state) of another embodiment of motor generator of the present invention.
Fig. 9 illustrates the internal rotor situation of another embodiment of motor generator of the present invention.
Figure 10 illustrates the situation of internal rotor of another embodiment of motor generator of the present invention.
Figure 11 represents another embodiment (starter is in on-state) of motor generator of the present invention.
Figure 12 represents the dynamo-electric machine rotor (variant between the gap) of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is in order to the method for measurement of the axial displacement of the motor generator of explanation another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the simple diagrammatic sketch (8 magnetic poles) of the dynamo-electric machine rotor of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the simple diagrammatic sketch (providing retainer in second rotor) of the dynamo-electric machine rotor of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the simple diagrammatic sketch (magnetic field magnet have be used for axially and mechanism that rotation direction moves) of the motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the diagrammatic sketch (this structure has first, second and the 3rd magnetic field magnet) of the motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 is in order to show the supplemental instruction of Figure 16 motor generator.
Figure 19 is in order to show the supplemental instruction of Figure 17 motor generator.
Figure 20 is the diagrammatic sketch of the motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 21 is the diagrammatic sketch of the motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention.
The description of preferred embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention will be described.
Fig. 1 represents the design overview of the permanent-magnet type motor-alternator of one embodiment of the invention.
Many transportation systems adopt motor generator to make the energy.Fig. 1 represents the rail vehicle system as transportation system's example.
Rail vehicle system shown in Figure 1 has electric car 1, motor generator 2, directly or indirectly installs to the power-converting device 4 and the current collector 85 of the electrical power of wheel 83 on the motor generator 2, control motor generator 2.
Here to refer to the electricity be vehicle powered to electric car, and in the transportation system of the system that comprises vehicle, electric car refers to sensu lato vehicle.
In addition, current collector is the device that is used to receive the outside electric power of electric car (or vehicle).This current collector is the pantograph trolley and the current-collector under the situation of the 3rd rail type of wireless type (86).In addition, in the transportation system of factory, adopted the non-contact type current collector.
Motor generator 2 shown in Fig. 1 bottom has by connector 81 and geared system 82 power is passed to structure on the axle 84.A left side and right side at above-mentioned motor generator 2 provide 25R of mechanism and 25L, use this mechanism, and retainer 24 shown in Figure 2 is parallel to axle when needed and moves.
Fig. 2 briefly shows the situation of the center misalignment of dynamo-electric machine rotor same pole shown in Figure 1.Armature winding 11 is wrapped in the groove of stator core 10, and stator core 10 is linked on the shell 13, and shell has the passage 12 that cold-producing medium flows through.
The rotor 20 of permanent magnetic baried type comprises the first rotor 20A that is fixed on the axle 22 and the second rotor 20B that separates on axle 22.Certainly, rotor can be a kind of surperficial magnet type rather than permanent magnetic baried type.
In the first rotor 20A, permanent magnet 21A is provided with like this, makes that in rotational direction the magnetic pole of opposed polarity is alternately aimed at.Equally, in the second rotor 20B, permanent magnet 21B is provided with like this, makes that in rotational direction the magnetic pole of opposed polarity is alternately aimed at.It is relative with the magnetic pole of stator to be placed in the first and second two epitrochanterian magnetic field magnet coaxially.
Form a nut portion 23B in the inboard of the second rotor 20B, on axle, form the screw portion 23A that contacts with nut portion.By with screw thread the second rotor 20B being connected with axle, the second rotor 20B can move axially when axle rotates.
In addition, be provided with a retainer 24 on a position of the side of leaving the second rotor 20B, such second rotor 20B just can not shift out from the predetermined distance of rotor center.In addition, by the servomechanism of a starter 25 is provided, can make retainer axle axially on move, thereby can change distance between the pole center of the first and second magnetic field magnet.The result just can control the total effective magnetic flux stator that has armature winding in groove, that formed by the first and second magnetic field magnet.
The effective flux that to describe permanent magnet below take place by above-mentioned adjusting with the corresponding variation of moment direction.
In the armature winding in basic employing stator and the motor generator of the permanent magnet in the rotor, when motor generator is worked like that as motor generator and is worked like that as generator, under the identical situation of the rotation direction of rotor, it is opposite affacting epitrochanterian moment direction.
On the other hand, under the situation that motor generator is worked like that as motor generator, the moment direction is reverse when the rotor rotation direction is opposite, and is same, when motor generator was worked like that as generator, the moment direction also was reverse when the rotor rotation direction is opposite.
In the time of in the embodiment that the basic theories of above-mentioned rotation direction and moment direction is used motor generator of the present invention, following narration can be arranged.
When working in the low velocity of rotation scope in when the beginning of motor generator at the vehicle of vehicle or transportation system, increase by magnetic pole of the stator and the effective flux that relative permanent magnet (shown in Figure 4) produces thereby can be in identical phase place, obtain high torque characteristics by center with the first rotor 20A and the magnetic pole of the identical polar of the second rotor 20B.
Then when working in the high engine speed range that motor generator is going frost (defrosting) to operate, move with respect to axle 22 with the gap between the increasing the first rotor 20A and the second rotor 20B, when nut portion produces as shown in Figure 5 from screw portion at the second rotor 20B, the center of the first rotor 20A and the identical polar of the second rotor 20B is not in identical phase place.Therefore, reduce with the effective flux that relative permanent magnet produces, in other words, produced a reduction magnetic field effect, therefore can in high engine speed range, obtain the characteristic of high-output power by magnetic pole of the stator.
Fig. 4 represents that the center by the identical polar that makes the first rotor 20A and the second rotor 20B has reduced the state of the effective flux that produced by magnetic pole of the stator and relative permanent magnet when the gap between same-phase, the first rotor 20A and the second rotor 20B is strengthened.
In Fig. 3 and 4, show the head 61 of a bolt, threaded shank portion 60 and nut portion 62.The head 61 of bolt is corresponding with the first rotor 20A, and nut portion 62 is corresponding with the second rotor 20B.When threaded shank portion 60 (corresponding to the part 23A of Fig. 2) when direction is rotated, by the direction that is added in the moment on the nut portion 62, nut portion 62 is tightened or is unscrewed.According to the moment direction that acts on the rotor 20B, same phenomenon appears on the second rotor 20B.
The working condition of the induced electromotive force of motor generator of the present invention will be described below.
Fig. 5 represents effective flux, induced electromotive force and the end voltage characteristic curve to the angle velocity of rotation of permanent magnet motor-alternator.
Induced electromotive force is to be determined by the constant magnetic flux phi that is placed in the permanent magnet generation in the rotor and the angle velocity of rotation ω of motor generator.That is as shown in Fig. 5 (a), if constant magnetic flux phi is a constant, then induced electromotive force then increases with the increase of angle of entry velocity of rotation ω (rotating speed) proportionally.Yet owing to the capacitance of counter voltage inverter and the end voltage of power supply make the output voltage of counter voltage inverter have restriction, therefore the induced electromotive force that is produced by motor generator under normal operation is also restricted.Therefore, in the permanent magnet motor-alternator,, must carry out the reduction control of so-called magnetic field in the scope above a velocity of rotation for the magnetic flux that reduces to produce by permanent magnet.
Because induced electromotive force increases pro rata with angle of entry velocity of rotation, then must increase magnetic field reduction Control current.Therefore the electric current that requires to flow through first coil of conductive wire is very big, so the heat that produces in this coil increases, this may cause motor generator efficient when high engine speed range to reduce and make the permanent magnet demagnetization because temperature surpasses cooling capacity.
For example, shown in Fig. 5 (a), the magnetic flux phi 1 that permanent magnet in being placed in rotor produces change to angle velocity of rotation ω 1 a bit on magnetic flux phi 2 time, the induced electromotive force E1 of motor generator changes to induced electromotive force E2, according to this characteristic, can limit the maximum of induced electromotive force.
Equally, Fig. 5 (b) is the expression magnetic flux phi is only done very little variation with respect to angle velocity of rotation ω (rotating speed) a schematic view, and this induced electromotive force can remain constant.
In for the embodiment that obtains characteristic shown in Fig. 5 (b), the first magnetic field magnet of motor generator is fixed on the axle, and the second magnetic field magnet leaves from this axle.Screw thread on this and the second magnetic field magnet utilization axle and the nut portion in the second magnetic field magnet interconnect.In addition, on a position leaving magnet side, second magnetic field, provide a retainer, and provide and make retainer be parallel to the servomechanism that axle moves with the rotation of axle.
Fig. 6 is the controlling party block diagram of motor generator shown in Figure 1.
At first, drive judgment part 101 and judge the driving operational circumstances of permanet magnet type motor-alternator 2 according to the rotating speed of the information (compressor pressure, gas temperature, operator scheme and fuel gas restriction etc.) of the transducer of installing along the turbine controller and permanent magnet motor-alternator 2, and output current command value, be input to Current Control piece 102 from the current instruction value that drives judgment part 101 outputs, the difference between the existing current value of 102 pairs of current instruction values of controll block and permanent magnet motor-alternator 2 is carried out decoupling control.
Rotational coordinates conversion fraction 103, convert three-phase alternating current from the power of Current Control piece 102 outputs to, and as delivering to permanent-magnet type motor-alternator 2 by the control signal of main PWM conversion electric wire 104.Measure the electric current (being biphase current at least) and the velocity of rotation (rotating speed of turbine is acceptable, also can adopt the value of magnification of the secondary speed with change-speed gearing in addition) of permanent-magnet type motor-alternator 2 every phases in addition again.Every phase current converts two shaft currents in diaxon conversion block 105, and feeds back to current instruction value.Position of rotating speed and magnetic pole etc. is measured by detector 106 in addition, and sends back to each controll block by magnetic pole position sensor 107 and speed hop 108.
Though the current sensor of motor generator 2 and the position of velocity transducer are provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 6, and the part of these transducers can be dismantled, can adopt the less transducer of the driving motor generator 2 of the same manner.
Though the embodiment of Fig. 6 comprises the position of motor generator 2 and the current sensor of velocity transducer and motor generator 2, also can adopt to be provided with transducer, that drive the less sensor construction of the motor generator 2 like this control circuit of part.
In addition, because in permanent magnet motor-alternator of the present invention, the pole center of the same polarity of first and second rotors be in corresponding same-phase of operating condition and out of phase on, permanent magnet motor-alternator of the present invention has correction by being used to control and the powered function of advance angle of stream of the controller of the corresponding inverter of position traveling angle of the composite pole of the first and second magnetic field magnet.
An embodiment who revises the stream advance angle of powering will be described below.
Thereby when motor generator by being fixed to the first magnetic field magnet on the axle, the second magnetic field magnet is being left on the axle and forming screw thread on the axle, in the second magnetic field magnet, forming nut portion and be interconnected on the axle mutually by screw thread and on the second magnetic field magnet time, this second magnetic field magnet is moving axially when rotating.
When Figure 13 represents that the identical pole center of first and second rotors is in corresponding same-phase of mode of operation and out of phase, angle of rotation and move axially between relation.
Referring to Figure 13, because angle of rotation θ and moving axially of second rotor have proportional relation between the Δ L, utilize offset table 64 to measure and move axially Δ L, and the controller of feedback electrical energy transformer, being used for carrying out Optimal Control, thereby revise the advance angle of powering and flowing as the institute of the conversion value of the traveling angle of the composite pole position of the first and second magnetic field magnet.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic sketch of expression another embodiment of motor generator of the present invention.
The first rotor 20A is fixed on the axle 22, and the second rotor 20B leaves axle 22, forms threaded portion 23A on the part axle, and cover 41 is fixed in the second magnetic field magnet, and nut portion 23B is fixed in the cover 41.The second rotor 20B rotates with respect to the first rotor 20A, and nut portion is changeed on screw portion and turned the gap increase between the first rotor 20A and the second rotor 20B.
Owing between the second magnetic field magnet and axle 22, have little play, when second rotor rotation, between magnet inboard, second magnetic field and axle 22, magnetic linkage can occur and change, this trouble as electrolytic corrosion just may occur.Therefore, cover 41 is made by nonmagnetic substance, and its resistivity is higher than iron.By doing like this, the inboard of the second magnetic field magnet and axle 22 are carried out the insulation of electricity and magnetic by cover 41.
Supporting mechanism 40A, 40B are placed in cover 41 inboards, thereby guide rotation between the second magnetic field magnet and the axle, move back and forth with compound and move.
The second magnetic field magnet 20B is spirally connected function and is linked on the axle by what the threaded portion 23A on the part axle formed, one movably retainer 24 be placed on the position of a side leaving the second magnetic field magnet, supporting mechanism 42,47 is placed between retainer 24 and the axle and between the side of the retainer and the second rotor 20B, thus guide second rotor with respect to the rotation of axle, move back and forth with compound and move.Supporting mechanism 42 has the effect of thrust bearing, although supporting mechanism 47 it be a journal bearing, it has guiding and rotates, moves back and forth and compound mobile effect.
Also have an effect in addition, when promptly being used as supporting mechanism 42 for thrust bearing a spring 48 being set, can improve the function of this supporting mechanism 42.
The retainer 24 that can make that to describe below as an example is parallel to the magnet clutch of the mobile servomechanism of axle.
The structure of this magnet clutch is: coil 46 is wrapped on the york piece 44, and retainer 24 also can be used as a movably fuse.York piece 44 and coil 46 are fixed on the part of the support 49 of motor generator or not shown compressor, and a spring 45 is placed between york piece 44 and the retainer 24, thus the effect of the setting device again when having the braking excitation.A bearing 50 is placed between support 49 and the axle 22, in order to back shaft 22.
Fig. 7 represents the coil 46 of unenergized condition, and Fig. 8 represents the coil 46 under the energized condition.
By excitation coil 46, york piece 44 becomes a strong magnet, and it attracts to have the retainer 24 as the effect of mobile core.
When retainer 24 is subjected to the attraction of excitation coil 46, lead to electric current on the coil 46 owing to thereby the moment of rotating with respect to the first rotor 20A that is added on the second rotor 20B reduces, strengthen in nut portion gap between the first rotor 20A and the second rotor 20B when screw rod is turned on simultaneously.
Magnet clutch shown in the figure here is to make the example of retainer 24 at the servomechanism that moves of direction that is parallel to axle, adopts hydraulic actuator, can carry out the location of retainer with a rotor and ball screw, a linear electrical generator etc. more accurately.
Fig. 9 represents to be fixed to the example of the cover 41 in the second rotor 20B.
With second rotor and the fixing method of axle, the second rotor 20B and cover 41 adopt the convexconcave part that forms on two member contact-making surfaces to fix as a kind of.Figure 10 illustrates the first rotor 20A and leave the difference that is fixed to the internal structure on the axle 22 between axle 22 the second rotor 20B.
Figure 10 represents another embodiment of the present invention.
In the place that the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet are in contact with one another, on the side of the first magnetic field magnet, form a recessed portion 53, on the second magnetic field magnet, formed also bossing 54 as the cover subfunction.On a device, can form bossing 54 and cover 41.By doing like this, can guarantee to overlap enough spaces of 41.Also having a kind of method is by settling spring 48, supporting mechanism 40A, 40B and nut portion 23B to obtain a kind of motor generator with second rotor of thin axial width effectively.
Figure 11 represents another embodiment of the present invention.
Identical among basic building block among Figure 11 and Fig. 7, but changing with the corresponding part of magnet clutch.Figure 11 is illustrated in the coil 46 under the incentive condition, makes york piece 44 leave retainer 41 by spring 45 when cutting off excitation.In addition, this embodiment has a feature, and promptly thrust is added on the second rotor 20B by threaded function by the interaction between screw portion 23A that adds moment and nut portion 23B.Therefore, when cutting off the excitation of coil 46,, retainer 24 is thrown off from york piece 44 by releasing with a thrust owing to interactional retainer 24 between screw thread and the moment.York piece 44 is fixed on the support 49 by an arm 52 or on the part of car body (not shown).
With identical shown in Fig. 7 and 8, magnet clutch shown in Figure 11 is to make the example of retainer 24 at the servomechanism that moves of direction that is parallel to axle, adopt hydraulic actuator, can carry out the location of more accurate retainer with the linear actuating device of a rotor and ball screw, linear electrical generator etc.
Figure 12 represents another embodiment of the present invention.
Motor generator of the present invention is characterised in that: the first rotor 20A is fixed firmly on the axle 22, but the second rotor 20B moves freely axle.Therefore, have little play in the mechanical dimension between 22 at the second rotor 20B and axle, therefore the second rotor 20B becomes eccentric when big moment or centrifugal force are added on the second rotor 20B.Air gap 2 between second rotor 20B with second magnetic field magnet and stator is greater than the air gap 1 between the first rotor 20A with first magnet and the stator.By doing like this, can prevent because eccentric second rotor 20B that causes and the Mechanical Contact between the stator.
Figure 15 represents the motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention.
This motor generator of the present invention is characterised in that: the second rotor 20B inside length is shorter than outside length, and servomechanism 25 (as the actuator that drives retainer) is provided in the inboard of the second rotor 20B.Therefore, can reduce to comprise the axial length of the whole rotor of retainer 24 and servomechanism 25.
Though top carries out reference four utmost point motor generators in the explanation of the present invention, needless to say, the present invention can be used for the two poles of the earth motor generator or sextupole motor generator.As an example, Figure 14 shows a kind of rotor of permanent magnet motor-alternator, and wherein the present invention is used for ends of the earth motor generator.In addition, the present invention can be used for the rotor of any kind, imbeds magnet type or surperficial magnet type rotor all can adopt the present invention.
Figure 16 represents the motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention.
Motor generator shown in Figure 16 comprises the stator with first winding, the rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle.Above-mentioned magnetic field magnet has the first and second magnetic field magnet, and they have the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that sequentially is placed in rotation direction respectively.Two magnetic field magnet all have the mechanism that moves in axial and rotation direction.
In motor generator shown in Figure 11, the configuration that mechanism had that is used to a magnetic field magnet is moved with respect to another magnetic field magnet is the axle that a magnetic field magnet is fixed to motor generator, and another magnetic field magnet is mounted to movably axle is moved freely, and two magnetic field magnet of Figure 16 all have the aforesaid mechanism that moves in the axial and rotational direction.
In Figure 16, on the axle 22 between two the magnetic field magnet, provide a middle part retainer 64.This middle part retainer has two left and right mobile functions of magnetic field magnet of restriction.Figure 18 is similar to Fig. 3,4 view, and its expression is used for illustrating the screw rod of above-mentioned limitation function and the relation between the nut.
In Figure 18 (1), the pole center of left and right sides nut passes central stops 64 same-phases.When the moment of equidirectional was added on the nut of the left and right sides, a nut was outwards back-outed.
Therefore, in adopting the rolling frame system of this motor generator, the rotation direction of advance and retreat is opposite mutually, when at low engine speed range, when requiring the high torque characteristic as starting such as electrical rolling frame, magnetic field, left and right sides magnet shown in Figure 18 (1), interim aligning.In addition, in high engine speed range, require the high torque feature, permission left and right sides retainer 24 stretches out as Figure 18 (2) and 18 (3) and moves.As a result, obtain magnetic field reduction effect by mobile retainer 24 and change the magnetic field that two magnet produce.
The motor generator of another embodiment of the present invention has been shown among Figure 17.
Motor generator shown in Figure 17 comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that is placed in rotation direction successively, the second magnetic field magnet with magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that is placed in rotation direction successively is placed in the 3rd magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with opposed polarity that is placed in rotation direction between the first and second magnetic field magnet, successively.In this basic configuration, the 3rd magnetic field magnet 20C also is fixed on the axle 22 and is placed in the middle part of rotor except configuration as shown in figure 16, and as shown in figure 16, the axial width of the first and second magnetic field magnet is identical.
Figure 16 and 18 is similar key diagrams.Figure 19 illustrates the rotor portion with screw rod and the corresponding Figure 17 of nut, and the basic principle of operation of configuration shown in Figure 19 is similar to shown in Figure 180.
In the motor generator shown in Figure 16～19, the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet can move freely in the axial and rotational direction with respect to axle.Assign to provide the function that is spirally connected by the threaded portion that forms on the axle and the nut portions in the first and second magnetic field magnet.
The motor generator of Figure 20 and 21 expression another embodiment of the present invention.
The example of a Figure 20 and a mechanism of 21 expressions, this mechanism is used for the rotation direction of rotation direction at motor generator of the present invention switching shaft (power output shaft) when identical.This mechanism has in order to the gear 93 of backwards rotation and clutch 90, and they are as the device of the rotation direction of switching power output shaft.Even the rotation direction of axle 84 is opposite when forward and back,, also can make motor generator rotation direction of the present invention identical by adopting a mechanism.
In Figure 21, the direction of rotation of motor generator of the present invention when the rotation direction of axle 84 is identical, installing to the magnetic field that epitrochanterian two magnetic field magnet are produced can change.

Claims (25)

1. motor generator, comprise stator with a winding, rotor and an axle with magnetic field magnet, wherein above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with successively and has the second magnetic field magnet that the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with is put in the Yian, also comprises:
Be used to make the first and second magnetic field magnet axially and the mechanism that moves of rotation direction.
2. motor generator, comprise stator with a winding, rotor and an axle with magnetic field magnet, wherein above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with successively and has successively that the edge also comprises at the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity of rotation direction setting:
With so that magnetic field magnet with respect to other magnetic field magnet axially and the mechanism that moves of rotation direction.
3. according to the motor generator of claim 1 or 2, wherein, change the magnetic field that the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet produce said stator by adopting said mechanism that a magnetic field magnet is moved with respect to other magnetic field magnet in axial and rotation direction.
4. transportation system comprises:
A dynamotor; Wherein the resultant magnetic field of the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet is changed; This dynamotor comprises that one has the stator of a winding, a rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle; Above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that in rotational direction arranges successively and has the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that in rotational direction arranges successively; Above-mentioned dynamotor also comprises making a magnetic field magnet axially and the mechanism that moves with respect to other magnetic field magnet of rotation direction
An energy is the vehicle of described motor generator;
One be used for from the outside to described vehicle provide electric energy current collector and
The power inverter of the power supply of an above-mentioned motor generator of control.
5. a Vehicular system comprises:
A motor generator, wherein the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet magnetic field of being synthesized is changed, this motor generator comprises that one has the stator of a winding, a rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle, above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole that has successively the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with and has the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with successively, and above-mentioned motor generator also comprises and is used for making a magnetic field magnet axially and the mechanism that moves with respect to other magnetic field magnet of rotation direction;
An energy is the electric car of above-mentioned motor generator,
One be used for from the outside to described electric car provide the energy current collector and
The power inverter of the power supply of an above-mentioned motor generator of control.
6. according to the transportation system of claim 4, wherein above-mentioned motor generator has the stator with a winding, the rotor with magnetic field magnet and an axle; Above-mentioned magnetic field magnet comprises the first magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole with the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with successively and has the second magnetic field magnet of the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that in rotational direction is provided with successively, the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet are settled with respect to the magnetic pole of said stator, above-mentioned motor generator also comprises a mechanism that is used for changing according to the moment direction of above-mentioned rotor the magnetic field of the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet generations
Wherein above-mentioned mutagenic mechanism comprises:
One according to the device at the balance of the moment direction that produces by above-mentioned rotor and the same polarity center that the magnetic force between the first and second magnetic field magnet is provided with the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet and
A device that changes the magnetic field that the first and second magnetic field magnet are produced in order to the moment direction that produces at above-mentioned rotor when opposite.
7. according to the transportation system of claim 4, wherein when above-mentioned motor generator is in low speed, adopt the device at above-mentioned center according to the balance of the moment direction that produces by above-mentioned rotor and the same polarity that the magnetic force between the first and second magnetic field magnet is provided with the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet; When above-mentioned motor generator is in high speed, adopts at above-mentioned rotor and produce the device that the moment direction changes the magnetic field that the first and second magnetic field magnet are produced when opposite.
8. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, wherein the first magnetic field magnet and the second magnetic field magnet can move freely in the axial and rotational direction with respect to axle, by assigning to provide being spirally connected effect forming threaded portion on the axle and in the first and second magnetic field magnet, form nut portions, make two magnetic field magnet in mechanism that axial and rotation direction move thereby form.
9. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, one of them magnetic field magnet is fixed on the axle, another magnetic field magnet can move freely with respect to this axle, assign to provide the effect of being spirally connected by the nut portions in the threaded portion on axle and another magnetic field magnet, thereby form the mechanism that a magnetic field magnet is moved with respect to another magnetic field magnet.
10. according to the motor generator of claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one magnetic field magnet can move freely with respect to axle, by providing the effect of being spirally connected, on the position of the sidepiece that leaves above-mentioned movably magnetic field magnet, provide a retainer at threaded portion on the axle and the nut portion in another magnetic field magnet.
11. according to the motor generator of claim 10, wherein above-mentioned retainer has can do to be parallel to the mechanism that axle moves where necessary.
12., wherein revise according to the moving of position of magnetic pole that the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet produce in advance by the phase place of the controller institute supplying electric current of controlling above-mentioned power-supply change-over device according to any one motor generator of claim 1～6.
13. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, wherein at least one or a plurality of magnetic fields magnet can move freely with respect to axle, by providing the effect of being spirally connected at threaded portion on the axle and the nut portion in above-mentioned magnet, monitor above-mentioned removable magnet amount of movement in the axial direction, revise according to the moving of position of magnetic pole that the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet produce in advance by the phase place of the controller institute supplying electric current of controlling above-mentioned power-supply change-over device.
14. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, wherein at least one or a plurality of magnetic fields magnet can move freely with respect to axle, a plurality of supporting mechanisms that rotate in order to guiding also are provided, between above-mentioned movably magnetic field magnet and above-mentioned axle, provide to move back and forth thus and move with compound.
15. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, wherein above-mentioned removable magnetic field magnet and a cover are fixed by the cover between and the axle inboard at removable magnetic field magnet.
16. according to the motor generator of claim 15, wherein above-mentioned cover comprises that resistivity is higher than the nonmagnetic material of iron.
17. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, at least one or a plurality of magnetic field magnet that can move freely with respect to axle wherein are provided, the place ahead and rear at above-mentioned magnetic field magnet provide a plurality of springs to guide rotation, provide to move back and forth with compound between above-mentioned removable magnetic field magnet and above-mentioned axle and move.
18. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, the wherein above-mentioned first magnetic field magnet is fixed on the axle, the above-mentioned second magnetic field magnet can move freely with respect to axle, the side in the face of the second magnetic field magnet at the above-mentioned first magnetic field magnet provides a notch part, and the bossing of the function with fixing above-mentioned cover is provided on the above-mentioned second magnetic field magnet simultaneously.
19. according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6, at least one or a plurality of magnetic field magnet that can move freely with respect to axle wherein are provided, a plurality of springs are provided before and after the magnet of above-mentioned magnetic field, rotate in order to guiding, between above-mentioned removable magnetic field magnet and above-mentioned axle, provide to move back and forth and move with compound.
20. any one motor generator according to claim 1～6, the wherein above-mentioned first magnetic field magnet is fixed on the axle, the above-mentioned second magnetic field magnet can move freely with respect to axle, in the size of rotor with second magnetic field magnet and the air gap between the stator size greater than the air gap between rotor with first magnetic field magnet and the axle.
21. according to any one motor generator of claim 1～6, wherein at least one or a plurality of magnetic fields magnet can move freely with respect to axle, and above-mentioned retainer and above-mentioned retainer one movably mechanism is provided in the magnet of above-mentioned removable magnetic field.
22., also comprise the mechanism of switching the power output shaft rotation direction according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6.
23. according to the motor generator of claim 22, wherein this switching mechanism has gear and the clutch mechanism in order to backwards rotation.
24., also comprise the 3rd magnetic field magnet that is contained between the first and second magnetic field magnet, has the magnetic pole of the opposed polarity that is placed in rotation direction successively according to any one motor generator in the claim 1～6.
25. motor generator according to claim 1～24, the wherein above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet can move freely with respect to axle, by providing the part that is spirally connected, thereby form the mechanism that a magnetic field magnet is moved with respect to another magnetic field magnet at threaded portion that forms at equidirectional on the axle and the nut portion in the above-mentioned first and second magnetic field magnet.
CNB02102457XA 2001-02-28 2002-01-22 Transportation system and motor-generator Expired - Fee Related CN1285161C (en)

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CN1819404A (en) 2006-08-16
DE60219096D1 (en) 2007-05-10
JP2002262488A (en) 2002-09-13
EP1239570B1 (en) 2007-03-28
JP3879413B2 (en) 2007-02-14
EP1239570A1 (en) 2002-09-11
DE60219096T2 (en) 2007-12-13
US20020117926A1 (en) 2002-08-29
CN1285161C (en) 2006-11-15
US6975055B2 (en) 2005-12-13
US20060033402A1 (en) 2006-02-16

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