CN1365422A - Component and method for guiding a hot pressured medium - Google Patents
Component and method for guiding a hot pressured medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN1365422A CN1365422A CN 00810921 CN00810921A CN1365422A CN 1365422 A CN1365422 A CN 1365422A CN 00810921 CN00810921 CN 00810921 CN 00810921 A CN00810921 A CN 00810921A CN 1365422 A CN1365422 A CN 1365422A
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- pressure
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- high temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L7/00—Supporting of pipes or cables inside other pipes or sleeves, e.g. for enabling pipes or cables to be inserted or withdrawn from under roads or railways without interruption of traffic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a component for guiding a hot high-temperature medium (50) that is subjected to a high-temperature pressure. A low-temperature zone (56) of the component surrounds a high-temperature zone (54) in which the high-temperature medium (50) is guided. A low-temperature medium (61) is guided in the low-temperature area (56) at least at half the pressure, preferably at the same or a higher pressure than the high-temperature pressure. The invention provides a component and a method that relieves the separation wall (58) that separates the low-temperature zone (56) from the high-temperature zone (54) and thus on the whole allows the construction of components with comparatively small wall thicknesses.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of member, it is designed to be used for conducting and is in high temperature media under the high temperature pressure, that have high temperature, the invention still further relates to a kind of corresponding method.
In the power station of Karl Strauss technology, the third edition, the Berlin of Springer publishing house published in 1997, had described a kind of power station steam turbine device that is used for producing electric energy among the 303rd page of Figure 12 .2.Supply water for a vaporizer by means of a feed water pump.There the steam of Chan Shenging in a SEPARATOR OR SEAL CHAMBER with water separation and flow to a high-pressure steam turbine.The steam that comes out from high-pressure steam turbine is heated and flows to a medium pressure steam turbine again in an intermediate superheater.Then therefrom press the steam that comes out in the steam turbine to flow to a low pressure steam turbine again, at last regelation Cheng Shui in condenser.Water feeds back in the water supply container, and it flows to vaporizer again therefrom.The member that conducting is in the steam under the high temperature and high pressure for example is: the pipeline between steam turbine and vaporizer or the intermediate superheater also has steam turbine housing, SEPARATOR OR SEAL CHAMBER, is contained in valve in the pipeline, is used for changing the steam gas collection box that the bypass station of flow of steam direction or being used for of not being shown specifically in addition overflow from heating process according to load.
A kind of many shell walls that are used for separating different pressures, medium and/or temperature have been described among the EP-0075072A1.Its wall shell space certain distance is provided with, and has different pressure, medium and/or temperature mutually in middle cavity.
WO-A-99/00620 then discloses a kind of high temperature flange connecting apparatus.One inner region that bears the high temperature adpting flange of heat load is surrounded by a cavity, and this cavity can feed cooling medium, with the cooling down high-temperature adpting flange.
In No. the 07233900th, Japanese patent abstract, introduced a kind of with one in the pipe and the gas pipeline of the outer tube of pipe in together pericardium encloses.Wherein interior pipe has the high-temp waste gas that is under the high pressure to flow through.For the hot-gas temperature in the pipe in preventing descends, be provided with one in the annular chamber between interior pipe and outer tube by the two-layer insulator of forming.Insulator is made up of the still air layer in the annular chamber of solid thermal-protective coating and between thermal-protective coating and inner tube outer surface that is attached on the outer tube wall.Here the pressure of air layer can be adjusted by importing pressurized air to annular chamber or deflating from annular chamber.
By a kind of as can be known live steam inflow device that is used for high-pressure steam turbine of Germany Patent document DE 3421067A1.This inflow device has two supplying tubes, and they can by the inner housing of steam turbine and frame separates and be provided with one heart, forms a middle cavity.Cold steam with lower temperature and lower pressure is introduced between the inside and outside pipe in this wise as the live steam in interior supplying tube, makes to act on pressure difference on the inside and outside circle tube wall and the temperature of two pipe walls reduces.Cold here steam unloads steam by means of a conveying end as part and take out and flow to middle cavity from the intergrade of steam turbine, and supplying tube obtains cooling in making.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of member, it is particularly suitable for conducting and is in medium under the High Temperature High Pressure.Another object of the present invention provides the method that a kind of conducting is in the medium under the High Temperature High Pressure.
The purpose of the relevant member of the present invention aspect realizes by a kind of like this member, and this member designs becomes to be used for conducting and is in high temperature media high pressure under, that have high temperature, and it has a high-temperature zone and a low temperature area to small part encirclement high-temperature zone.The high-temperature zone separates by a partition wall and low temperature area.Low temperature area has an input pipe joint, and it is used for being equivalent under the Low-temperature pressure of high temperature pressure input at least one and compares the lower cryogenic media of temperature with high temperature media.Partition wall only bears the pressure that is lower than a pressure maximum under high-temperature condition, to not influence of cryogenic media, wherein pressure maximum is less than high temperature pressure.So-called high temperature pressure is the pressure in the high-temperature zone normally, and Low-temperature pressure then is the pressure in low temperature area.
Preferably image height temperature and pressure power is equally big at least when member maintains static operation for Low-temperature pressure.
The present invention is from such consideration, can not improve by such method arbitrarily for remain the higher temperature of high temperature media of conducting and/or higher pressure in a member, and promptly the wall thickness that bears pressure by raising is given higher intensity to member.This heavy wall causes serious problem during fabrication when the metal construction wall, causes again unaffordable expense when also by chance being the exotic material in costliness when the casting metal wall.The present invention now chooses an absurd at first sight road, makes another kind of medium, and just cryogenic media passes through member equally under very high, common even higher pressure.Wherein the cryogenic media in low temperature area surrounds the high-temperature zone of the inside circulation high temperature media.Partition wall separates high-temperature zone and low temperature area.Low temperature area is surrounded by an outer wall again.Partition wall and the outer wall role that surrounds low temperature area obtain the division of labor to a certain degree thus.Partition wall is mainly used to bear the heat load that is produced by high temperature media.It must have can correspondingly stand the exotic material of high temperature media temperature.But partition wall is not subjected to the load of high temperature pressure fully by the following method, and promptly cryogenic media acts on the partition wall with a back pressure in low temperature area.That is to say that cryogenic media plays support media for partition wall.The outer wall that surrounds low temperature area is suitable for bearing under the situation of acceptable wall thickness even the pressure higher than high temperature pressure, because the lower temperature of cryogenic media is compared the intensity of not damaging outer wall with high temperature media.Therefore outer wall not only can be done thinlyyer, and can be made by the material that needn't possess heat-resisting quantity.
Therefore one aspect of the present invention can obtain the advantage of expense aspect, and its mid-board can be saved material, and outer wall can adopt more cheap material.But prior meaning is, keeping can making high temperature media pass through member at much higher pressure or under much higher temperature under the constant situation of so far wall thickness.
Member preferably is connected in this wise with a safety valve, makes to be no more than a pressure reduction of predesignating under the safety valve effect between Low-temperature pressure and the high temperature pressure.
Because utilizing under the situation of advantage of the present invention, partition wall is not subjected to the influence of cryogenic media only to bear the pressure that is lower than certain pressure when high temperature, and this pressure is lower than high temperature pressure, can take measures to prevent that partition wall is subjected to whole load of high temperature pressure.Correspondingly avoid by safety valve, between Low-temperature pressure and high temperature pressure, produce unallowed excessive pressure reduction.
Preferably established an accumulator before a valve in the high-temperature zone, it reduces the formation of compression shock when valve switching or adjustment process.
Low temperature area preferably is connected in this wise with an accumulator that is used for cryogenic media, makes to be no more than the maximum release speed that can predesignate in low temperature area.Cryogenic media produces unexpected pressure drop when for example breaking down, and guarantees by accumulator in this case, and the pressure in the cryogenic media can only slowly descend.Here accumulator is designed to like this, makes formed release speed be slower than the release speed that occurs in high temperature media.Therefore the pressure in the high temperature media can the roughly fast or decline quickly as the pressure in the cryogenic media.Therefore can not cause the pressure reduction between Low-temperature pressure and the high temperature pressure to exceed the Maximum differential pressure of permission, and jeopardize partition wall stability.
Member preferably has a cryogenic media discharge conection that separates with input pipe joint, makes the continuous flow that can set up cryogenic media in the low temperature area.When can not causing the significant temperature rise of cryogenic media, this temperature rise during continuous flow in low temperature area, cryogenic media do not damage the intensity of the outer wall of partition wall or sealing low temperature area under certain condition.
Partition wall preferably has heat insulation measures.Reduce the thermal loss of high temperature media by heat insulation measures.Because by the cooling of cryogenic media to partition wall, if there is not heat insulation measures, this thermal loss is with do not compare with the ordinary construction of cryogenic media may be undesirably high.Heat insulation measures can for example be added on the partition wall in the outside, that is to say and the low temperature area adjacency.But heat insulation measures also can for example be made of the coating on the partition wall inboard, that is to say and the high-temperature zone adjacency, perhaps makes the mesosphere of partition wall inside.
But the high-temperature zone is preferably done with respect to the low temperature area thermal motion.Cause the considerable thermal expansion in high-temperature zone when particularly high temperature media has just flowed into the high-temperature zone and made the high-temperature zone heating thus.There is not this thermal expansion for low temperature area, because it maintains on the temperature of cryogenic media.By the suitable expansion appliance of packing in the high-temperature zone, the bellow-shaped wall district in partition wall for example, high-temperature zone can be designed to can thermal motion, makes it unlikelyly cause unallowed hyperthermia stress.
Member is preferably made pipeline, and wherein the high-temperature zone constitutes by outer tube by interior pipe, low temperature area.Therefore the tube wall of pipe is the part of partition wall or partition wall in, and the tube wall of outer tube is the outer wall that surrounds low temperature area.
Secondly pipe is best in is bearing on the outer tube movingly along conduit axis.For the stability of pipe in particularly when pipe is very long, interior pipe needs supporting.By guaranteeing the thermal motion structure of aforementioned high-temperature zone along the supporting that conduit axis moves with respect to low temperature area.
In a kind of preferred form of implementation, interior pipe especially by radial ring around ring strengthen, prevent depression.Because partition wall, inner tubal wall just, because the supporting role of cryogenic media is done thinlyyer, the reinforcement of interior pipe may be favourable according to top explanation.This reinforcement preferably by radially loading on inner pipe realize that around encircling it is imbedded in the dress thermal-protective coating on inner pipe in this wise in another kind of preferred construction, make it unlikelyly cause bigger flow resistance to cryogenic media.
Member is preferably made a valve.At complex-shaped member, can cause big technological problems when big wall thickness being arranged just as valve.Particularly when wall thickness surpassed certain value, the casting of valve wall was very difficult.By solving this problem of reduction wall thickness by means of being divided into a high-temperature zone and a low temperature area.
High temperature media is steam or supercritical water preferably.Secondly cryogenic media preferably also is a steam.It also can be a water.Member is parts of steam turbine device especially.The parts of steam turbine device stand extra high temperature and pressure.Adopted valuable special steel, to satisfy the composite demand that proposes by high temperature and high pressure.Currently used material when the temperature of metal is 620 ℃ (for example 10% chromium steel) reaches its operating limit, and only remaining very little intensity level.This causes partly high out-of-proportion wall thickness that gets for member conducting steam, that bear high pressure.Therefore as top explanation is crossed, reached the limit of valve housing and turbine housing castability.Secondly big wall thickness means big Master Cost, thereby also has the expensive of pipeline.Before arriving material limit, become very big for bearing the needed wall thickness of pressure.Just for valve housing with from the manifold of the steam of heating process, be lower than the limit that 620 ℃ metal temperature may just reach the technology manufacturability, but for example because limited castability and because the relatively poor unstable characteristic of heavy wall member.
Member is a collecting container that is used to come from the steam of heating process preferably, and one is used for producing steam boiler, with heating steam is used for a SEPARATOR OR SEAL CHAMBER or a steam turbine housing that water is separated from steam.
Member preferably is connected in this wise with a steam boiler, makes cryogenic media can flow to steam boiler, and can be transformed into high temperature media by heating there.Therefore cryogenic media is exactly a high temperature media in this form of implementation, and wherein cryogenic media flows to heating process, and high temperature media is exported from heating process.That is to say that the high temperature media that had been heated by boiler just in time promptly will be surrounded by heat medium.The supply water that for example flows to steam boiler in a kind of steam turbine installation can be used as cryogenic media and is enclosed in the steam boiler by the live steam as high temperature media of supplying water generates.Wait that equally the steam that flows to heating process in the middle of one also can be enclosed in heated steam in the middle heating process.Here satisfied temperature condition not only that is to say that the cryogenic media temperature is lower than high temperature media, and cryogenic media has the pressure that is not less than high temperature media, therefore can be as the support media of partition wall.So preferably a kind of like this structure, its middle external tube is communicated with raw water service pump with steam boiler, and interior pipe partly is communicated with steam boiler with steam turbine.Equally preferably such structure, its middle external tube be the steam turbine part of first pressure area, and the steam turbine of interior pipe second pressure area that steam boiler and one to the first pressure area is low partly is communicated with.
The purpose of method of the present invention aspect realizes by a kind of like this method, the conducting one in a high-temperature zone of this method is in high temperature media under the high temperature pressure, that have high temperature, wherein the high-temperature zone is streamed by cryogenic media, this cryogenic media has temperature and a Low-temperature pressure lower than high temperature media, and it is so big that this Low-temperature pressure is at least half of high temperature pressure.Preferably Low-temperature pressure is the same with high temperature pressure at least big.
The advantage of this method is the same with the advantage of above-mentioned member.
By accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below.These accompanying drawings all be part schematically, the diagrammatic sketch represented of not to scale (NTS), wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the steam turbine device by prior art,
Fig. 2 illustrates the steam turbine device that has by colder supporting steam member that surround, that be used for the conducting hot steam,
Fig. 3 illustrate one have in the cross section of pipe and the pipeline of outer tube,
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrate the interior pipe that respectively carries different heat insulation measuress corresponding to Fig. 3,
Fig. 6 is the sectional arrangement drawing that has the pipeline of strengthening interior pipe,
Fig. 7 is the sectional arrangement drawing that has the interior pipe of bellow-shaped expansion appliance,
But Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate the interior pipe of the Sealing that has thermal motion,
Figure 10-12 illustrates the cross section of the pipeline that has supported interior pipe,
But Figure 13 is the partial sectional view of the interior piping support of an axial motion,
Figure 14 and Figure 15 illustrate the cross section of the interior piping support of making by helping flowing,
Figure 16 illustrates the interior piping support of an axial restraint,
Figure 17 illustrates the section of interior piping support shown in Figure 16,
The pipeline of pipe and outer tube, supporting and expansion appliance in Figure 18 illustrates and has,
The pipeline that bends to right angle type of pipe and outer tube in Figure 19 illustrates and has,
The bifurcated passage of pipe and outer tube in Figure 20 illustrates and has,
Figure 21 illustrates the cross section of a superheater gas collection box,
Figure 22 is the enlarged view of the supplying tube of a superheater gas collection box,
Figure 23 is the front view of supplying tube shown in Figure 22,
Figure 24 illustrates the another kind of form of implementation of superheater gas collection box supplying tube,
But Figure 25 is the longitudinal section of the thermal motion structure of a superheater gas collection box,
Figure 26 be a steam turbine valve longitudinal section and
Figure 27 is the longitudinal section of a high-pressure steam turbine.
Identical reference character has identical implication in different accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a steam turbine device 80.One water tank 18 is connected with an one-way valve 20 that is connected to each raw water service pump 19 back with the raw water service pump 19 of two parallel connections.The pipeline that is connected one-way valve 20 back is aggregated into water pipe 23.Water pipe 23 leads to a high pressure pre-heater 21.Be provided with bypass valve 22 in the front and back of high pressure pre-heater 21, can detour with these two bypass valve high pressure pre-heaters 21.High pressure pre-heater 21 is connected with the economizer area of heating surface 1 with evaporator heating surface.Vaporizer is connected with the live steam superheater area of heating surface 2 with the economizer area of heating surface 1.The live steam superheater area of heating surface is connected with a live steam superheater gas collection box 3.One live steam pipe 4 leads to a live steam valve 5 and a high pressure from live steam superheater gas collection box 3 and passes on station 24.One pipeline leads to a high pressure turbine 6 from live steam valve 5.One low temperature intermediate superheating pipe 7 leads to the intermediate superheater area of heating surface 8 from high pressure turbine.The intermediate superheater area of heating surface 8 is connected with an intermediate superheater gas collection box 9.One high temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe 10 leads to a low pressure bypass station 25 and a stop valve 11 from middle superheater gas collection box 9.Stop valve 11 links to each other with an intermediate pressure turbine 12.One spill pipe 13 leads to low pressure turbine 14 from intermediate pressure turbine 12.One pipeline also leads to low pressure turbine 14 from low pressure bypass station 25.Low pressure turbine 14 is connected with a condenser 15 in addition.Condenser 15 links to each other with a condensate pump 16.Condensate pump 16 is connected with a low pressure preheater (LPP 17.Low pressure preheater (LPP 17 is connected with water tank 18.
When steam turbine device 80 operations, supply water and be transported to high pressure pre-heater 21 by raw water service pump 19 from water tank 18, and preheating there.The water supply of preheating flows to vaporizer and the economizer area of heating surface 1 and the live steam superheater area of heating surface 2 through water pipe 23 like this, and is heated there.The water that steam that produces or quilt are crossed critical heating collects in the superheater gas collection box 3.The live steam that is produced is fed to high pressure turbine 6 through live steam pipe 4.Give the intermediate superheater area of heating surface 8 from the delivery of steam that high pressure turbine 6 comes out, and reheated there.The steam of intermediate superheating accumulates in the intermediate superheater gas collection box 9, and then flows to intermediate pressure turbine 12.The steam that continues step-down and cooling flows to low pressure turbine 14 from intermediate pressure turbine 12 through spill pipe 13.The steam of cooling and off-load arrives condenser 15 from low pressure turbine fully, and is condensed into water there, and condensed water is heated in low pressure preheater (LPP 17 by condensate pump 16, and feeds back in the water tank 18.Flow to steam turbine 6,12, the steam turbine axle rotation that 14 steam promotes is common, be not shown specifically in the accompanying drawing.Energy of rotation with such generation drives generator 27, to produce electric energy.Bypass station 24,25 is used for according to load switching steam.
Steam is carried under the High Temperature High Pressure situation in steam turbine device 80.For example to have 600 to 620 ℃ temperature, pressure be about 55bar to the steam in high temperature intermediate superheating pipe 10.Low temperature intermediate superheating pipe 7 is carried about 400 ℃ steam under the pressure condition of about 60bar.Pressure reduction comes from the pressure loss of boiler, and wherein unshowned here boiler contains the area of heating surface 1,2,8.New temperature degree in live steam pipe 4 is about 600 ℃, and pressure is about 250 to 300bar.Have an appointment 350 ℃ temperature of glassware for drinking water in water pipe 23 is than also high 40 to 50bar the pressure of initial steam pressure.This High Temperature High Pressure requires very big wall thickness for the member of conducting steam and with costliness, high refractory steel manufacturing.It for example is 10% chromium steel manufacturing with chromium content.Shown in Fig. 1 according to prior art constructions in, member has a unique wall that bears pressure and temperature.Necessary thus heavy wall member not only manufacturability (but castability) differs from but also can cause high Master Cost, and it also limits the temperature changing speed of permission in addition, for example when starting or load conversion.
Fig. 2 represents a steam turbine device 80 corresponding to Fig. 1, but wherein adopts a kind of new scheme for the member that bears extra high pressure and temperature.For example live steam pipe 4 is contained in (referring to Fig. 3) in the outer tube as interior pipe, and its middle external tube constitutes water pipe 23.Correspondingly high temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe 10 is interior pipes, and the low temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe 7 that it is used as outer tube surrounds.By this structure, high temperature media, as live steam or intermediate superheating steam by cryogenic media, surround as supplying with water or remaining overheated steam.Wherein cryogenic media has the pressure that is higher than high temperature media respectively.Therefore pipe can be done to such an extent that have thin wall thickness in each, because each cryogenic media is as the support media of pipe in the supporting.The wall of each outer tube can be done thinly equally or be made by comparatively cheap material, because can be owing to high temperature causes infringement to intensity.Correspondingly make like this at superheater gas collection box 3,9 or valve 5,11 or bypass station 24,25, makes to treat that respectively the high temperature media of conducting is surrounded by a cryogenic media.Further cooling for necessary in some cases cryogenic media is provided with the nozzle 29 that is used for spraying into water in position, with further cooling cryogenic media.Overheated for this reason gas collection box 3,9, bypass station 24,25 and valve 5,11 are respectively equipped with the outlet 28 that is used for cryogenic media, make to adjust certain cryogenic media stream.Outer tube that is to say that water pipe 23 or low temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe 7 are equipped with the accumulator 30 of a cryogenic media respectively, so unexpected pressure drop can not occur in the cryogenic media.This causes excessive pressure reduction between the Low-temperature pressure that exists in interior high temperature pressure that exists of high temperature media and the cryogenic media, and this makes each interior pipe bear above the load that allows.Secondly guarantee by a safety valve, between high temperature pressure and Low-temperature pressure, can not form unallowable High Pressure Difference.Below the structure of each member is done more detailed explanation.
Fig. 3 represents the cross section of a pipeline 69.In pipe 70 surrounded by thermal-protective coating 68.Thermal-protective coating 68 usefulness shells 100 parcels.The wall of interior pipe 70 constitutes a partition wall 58 with thermal-protective coating 68 and shell 100.Partition wall 58 by an outer tube 72 keep at a certain distance away ground, surround with one heart with conduit axis.Between partition wall 58 and outer tube 72, form a low temperature area 56 that is used for conducting cryogenic media 61.Interior pipe 70 surrounds the high-temperature zone 54 of its inside conducting high temperature media 50.Pipeline 59 is the steam tube of steam turbine device particularly, and wherein high temperature media 50 and cryogenic media 61 are steam, and perhaps cryogenic media also can be a water.Shell 100 has through hole 102, and it is used for the pressure balance and/or the draining of thermal-protective coating 68.Cryogenic media 61 preferably is under the pressure that image height temperature medium 50 high temperature pressures are equally big at least.Therefore partition wall 58 supported and releases.Therefore partition wall 58 that is to say that particularly the inner tubal wall of interior pipe 70 can be done thinlyyer.But also can keep under the situation of bigger partition wall 58 thickness being transferred to a higher high temperature pressure or higher temperature for high temperature media 50.72 of outer tubes bear less heat load, therefore can strength problem not occur owing to the limiting temperature of material.Thereby outer tube 72 also can be done thinlyyer.Also can adopt the more cheap material of price.
But under the situation of the common wall thickness of maintenance, also can adopt bigger cross-section of pipeline, reduce cryogenic media 61 thus and also have the flow-disturbing in the high temperature media 50 to lose.
The another kind of structure of pipe 70 thermal-protective coatings 68 in Fig. 4 represents.Here the coated inside of pipe 70 in thermal-protective coating 68 is made.Fig. 5 represents thermal-protective coating 68 another kind of admissible layouts.Here thermal-protective coating 68 is built in the wall of interior pipe 70 as a mesosphere.
A longitudinal section of pipe 70 in Fig. 6 represents.Should be surrounded by a thermal-protective coating 68 by interior pipe.In pipe 70 usefulness radial ring around stiffening ring 74 surround.Although interior thus pipe 70 is done thinlyyer, also can avoid depression.Stiffening ring 74 is built in the thermal-protective coating 68, therefore can not cause higher flow resistance for the cryogenic media 61 that flows through aside.
Fig. 7 to 9 represents the longitudinal section of pipe 70 in respectively, and it is provided with the structure that is used for accepting thermal expansion.The expansion appliance 200 of an integrally formed bellow-shaped on the pipe 70 in for this reason in Fig. 7.But in Fig. 8 and 9 aiming axis to and radial ring around groove 204 in be provided with the Sealing 206 of thermal motion.Fixed element 207 is separately fixed at Sealing 206 on the side relative with groove 204.Because it can do thermal expansion the branch body structure of interior pipe 70, wherein sealing realizes by the Sealing 206 that can move in groove 204.
Figure 10 to 12 represents the cross section of a pipeline 69 that is made of pipe 70 and one outer tube 72 in respectively.In pipe 70 supported with respect to outer tube 72 respectively, with pipe in bearing 70 possible pipe power or gravity, and the vibration characteristics of adjusting pipeline 69.Supporting element 300 is fixed in the director element 302 in this wise for this reason, makes can do axially and thermal motion radially.For the flow resistance that reduces cryogenic media 61 more reasonably is to reduce the quantity of supporting as far as possible.Wherein preferential especially for little flow resistance form of implementation shown in Figure 12.
Figure 13 amplifies the interior piping support that expression one has supporting element 300, and this supporting element is fixed in the director element 302.Figure 14 and 15 one perpendicular to the section of supporting element 300 in the expression director element 302 the structure that helps flowing.
The axial restraint device 318 of pipe 70 in expression is used among Figure 16.One fixing bolt 322 embeds in one manages in the boss 320.Fixing bolt 322 passes outer tube 72, and is fixed on the outside of outer tube 72 by a lid 323.The structure that helps flowing of pipe boss 320 in Figure 17 represents in a sectional view.
Figure 18 represents a part of pipeline 69 in a longitudinal section, this pipeline is made of interior pipe 70 and one outer tube 72.Interior pipe 70 usefulness supporting 300 is bearing on the outer tube 72, and is axially fixed on the fixed position 318.Pipe 70 can be with respect to outer tube 72 thermal motion in expansion appliance 200 on the interior pipe 70 made.
Figure 19 represents the longitudinal section of a crooked rectangular pipeline 69.The starting point 500 of pipeline 69 thermal expansions is in its maximum curvature district.
In Figure 20, look expression one bifurcated passage 69 with a vertical profile.The starting point 500 of thermal expansion here is a bifurcation.
Figure 21 represents the cross section of superheater gas collection box 3.An internal container 601 constitutes a high-temperature zone 54, and it is surrounded by a low temperature area 56 that is made of outer container 603.
Figure 22 represents the partial view of a pipeline bump 600.Superheated vapor feeds high-temperature zone 54 through a segment pipe 602.Pipeline 602 is surrounded by inwall 608.Outer wall 604 makes low temperature area 56 lead to the outside through inwall 608.A kind of possible manufacture method can be by the addition 606 of burn-oning at inwall 608 upper edge weld seam A, and the half shell D and the C (referring to Figure 23) of the outer wall 610 of then burn-oning carry out.
Figure 24 represents another kind of processing possibility, and wherein addition 606 is fixing by screw connection 620.Sealing between high-temperature zone 54 and the low temperature area 56 realizes by a Sealing 622 that can axially install, that allow thermal motion.
But the structure of representing a thermal motion of superheater gas collection box 3 among Figure 25 with a longitudinal section.
Figure 26 represents the longitudinal section of a steam turbine valve 5.Steam turbine valve 5 is made of a quick closing valve 704 and a modulating valve 706.Valve rod 700 makes quick closing valve 704 with respect to 710 opening and closing of quick closedown valve base.Superheated vapor 54 arrives modulating valve 706 by supplying tube 714 through the quick closing valve of opening 704, and exports from steam turbine valve 5 by an output tube 716 according to the difference of modulating valve 706 opening degrees.The supplying tube zone of steam turbine valve 5 is made into dual-layer wall shape, and a high-temperature zone 54 that is used for superheated vapor 51 is surrounded by a low temperature area 56 that is used for cryogenic media, particularly steam.This brings the advantage about member wall thickness aspect that had described in detail.Particularly in the valve 5 of wall construction complexity because but wall thickness reduces to obtain better castability.The delivery outlet 28 of cryogenic media can advantageously be connected with another part of steam turbine, makes this steam turbine partly obtain cooling.In order to guarantee that valve body reasonably circulates, constantly in the periphery, draw a certain amount of peripheral medium at this, and introduce the district to be cooled of another steam turbine parts (not shown) by delivery outlet 28.Be designed to like this from peripheral interior drawing, that is, and the feasible delay that can get rid of cryogenic media.The supplying tube that enters district to be cooled must be made like this, that is, make (for example to reduce owing to load) not make turbine produce unexpected power (that is to say and do not cause running up of the non-expectation of turbine) when the turbine quick closedown.Must get rid of in addition, objectionable water content of steam in the steam expansion process, occur than hour (that is to say and less sneak into superheated vapor) in load.
Figure 27 represents a high-pressure steam turbine 6 with longitudinal section.One frame 804 surrounds an inner housing 802.Reserve a space 803 between inner housing 802 and frame 804, cryogenic media is introduced in its inside.Here cryogenic media has the pressure higher than superheated vapor, and superheated vapor flows in inner housing 802 and by unshowned vane group axle 808 rotated.Obtain supporting role thus, thereby make it can do thinlyyer for inner housing 802.In addition since advantage frame 804 above-mentioned can make thin-walled and/or by comparatively cheap made.
Requirement for the steam turbine device element structure of being recommended is discussed below under the different motion state.A) specified operation and variable power
Do not raise because when fixing operation, except that by boiler feed pump, do not carry out other pressure, so only can reduce from feed water pump streamwise pressure.Because supplying with between water and the live steam under the situation of mass flow rate＞0 of stipulating and occurring the pressure loss all the time between low temperature intermediate superheater and the high temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe, so satisfy the condition of high temperature pressure less than Low-temperature pressure.
(for example less water supply input) storage capacity partly is drained when mass flow rate reduces, and can expect to follow above-mentioned condition in this process equally.Mass flow rate rapidly uniformly raising may cause the certain increasing of pressure reduction, it must by lay around pipeline remedied.
The pressure that causes in the pipeline of its front of opening fast that is subjected to the modulating valve of throttling descends.If the laying around pipeline should be descended to determine that pressure decline is slack-off can be provided with an accumulator near valve in order to make so by this load.It also is favourable that this measure is closed the load decline that causes for the quick fraction of valve.B) low carrying/high pressure ventilation
The intermediate superheating organ pipe of investigation when low carrying: (when that is to say that steam mass flow descends) pressure in the low temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe not only when power is reduced to low carrying, and also the interior pressure of high temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe also descends.Secondly the pressure reduction between these two pressure also reduces, because also reduce than a hour boiler pressure loss in mass flow rate.Therefore the stress of high temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe reduces.Yet high pressure waste vapour temperature improves (high pressure ventilation) when low carrying.Also be this situation in by prior art constructions, this must be born by low temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe.Can not cool off high temperature intermediate superheating wall or other protection object (gas collection box, stop valve housing) effectively by low temperature intermediate superheater steam in this case.If the cooling that certain protection object need continue (be used for when low carrying the heavy wall member that can not be cooled off again fast enough under the situation of consumed power soon after the long-time heating or the Low Temperature Steam that is used for rotating member) is so no matter be for the central means in high pressure waste vapour stream or locally can spray cooling (that is to say by spray into water in steam) before a plurality of protection object.Also to it is contemplated that,, to adopt (just having existed originally) high pressure bypass station in order cooling off; It can be opened slightly when low carrying, and the steam that flows through can be cooled by water-spraying.Sneak into the cooling that water reaches whole waste steam later at the high pressure waste vapour; Pipeline can turn round to protection object after mixing.C) quick closedown is tested valve with quick closedown
Occur of short duration compression shock when quick closedown, it is caused by the unexpected deceleration of flowing.The intensity of compression shock is mainly determined in the velocity of sound of pipeline and the shut-in time of valve by the mass flow rate of steam, the duct length, the steam that are positioned at before the quick closing valve.Must remedy the brief pressure rising of this situation around the laying of member.Can be by reducing powerful intensity of impacting near establishing an accumulator before the valve.In valve test case lower valve, flow through king-sized steam mass flow; But improve in the time of can expecting high temperature pressure than normal operation.Bigger compression shock appears when the quick closedown that after this may occur.This situation should be conclusive for the size Selection around member and accumulator.D) by-pass operation
When by-pass operation, draw by the bypass station by the steam that makes delay, walk around the branch turbine installation.Realize thus, feed back give boiler be used for boiler (the cooling intermediate superheater area of heating surface) and be used for the vapor pressure and the temperature of low temperature intermediate superheating organ pipe/low temperature intermediate superheater parts enough low.E) action of boiler safety valve
Boiler has the safety valve of water supply side, live steam, low temperature intermediate superheater and high temperature intermediate superheater side.When opening, a safety valve can prevent unallowed pressure reduction (safety valve of high temperature media and cryogenic media ensures pressure maximum and the common Maximum differential pressure that ensures separately) by opening corresponding safety valve.F) interruption of water supply preheating
When heat exchanger blow-by (for example) can turn off it and detour it when the water supply preheater damages.The rapid decline of Xiang Guan supply water temperature causes having the unsettled thermal stress of supplying with the member that water flows through therewith, must take in when it is designed.Because thermal stress increases along with wall thickness and flowing velocity add conference, so should make every effort to make the blocked up wall member of water supply antitriptic current (encirclement that the water supply main flow is not shunted).G) raw water service pump interrupts
This is a great accident for the whole generating station, because for example no longer can guarantee the cooling of boiler heating surface.Check device prevents to supply with water and flows by blowback in this case; Therefore stopped that the pressure in water pipe descends, this water pipe is under the pressure effect of the live steam pipe that surrounds it.Therefore under this failure condition, also can stand the test reliably.H) the boiler locking mechanism is closed
Mentioned, should monitor the pressure reduction between high temperature pressure and the Low-temperature pressure, and by protective equipment (safety valve) protection.That close in state of rest and barrier and the locking mechanism that can't reopen can cause high pressure reduction when starting for some reason, thus the action of (not lockable in accordance with regulations) protective equipment caused.
Claims (22)
1. one kind is designed to be used for conducting and is in the member of high temperature media under the high temperature pressure, that have high temperature (50), it
Have a high-temperature zone (54) and a low temperature area (56) to small part encirclement high-temperature zone (54)
With a partition wall (58) that high-temperature zone (54) and low temperature area (56) are separated,
Wherein, low temperature area (56) has a pipe joint, in order to import one with respect to high temperature media (50) temperature lower, be in a cryogenic media (61) that is equivalent at least under the Low-temperature pressure of high temperature pressure,
And wherein, partition wall (58) can only bear a pressure maximum at most there not being cryogenic media (61) to do the time spent under high-temperature condition, and this pressure maximum is less than high temperature pressure.
2. press the described member of claim 1,
It is connected in this wise with a safety valve (26), makes the pressure reduction that can not surpass a regulation between effect Low-temperature pressure by safety valve (26) and the high temperature pressure.
3. press claim 1 or 2 described members,
Wherein, the accumulator (30) that low temperature area (56) and is used for cryogenic media (61) is connected in this wise, makes that the pressure drop in the low temperature area (56) is no more than a top speed of stipulating.
4. press the described member of claim 1 to 3,
It has one with the output that is used for cryogenic media (28) that separates of input, make the continuous flow of cryogenic media (61) in low temperature area (56) to occur.
5. press the described member of claim 1 to 4,
Wherein, partition wall (58) has a thermal-protective coating (68).
6. press the described member of claim 1 to 5,
It has a high-temperature zone (54) and low temperature area (56) but the structure of relatively hot motion.
7. press the described member of claim 1 to 6,
It is made into pipeline (69), and wherein, high-temperature zone (54) manage (70) structure in one, and low temperature area (56) is made of an outer tube (72).
8. press the described member of claim 7,
Wherein, interior pipe (70) is bearing on the outer tube (72) movingly along conduit axis (73).
9. press claim 7 or 8 described members,
Wherein, interior pipe (70) especially by radial ring around ring (74) be reinforced, with prevent the depression.
10. press the described member of claim 1 to 6,
It makes valve.
11. by the described member of claim 1 to 10,
Wherein, high temperature media (50) is steam or supercritical water.
12. by the described member of claim 1 to 10,
Wherein, cryogenic media (61) is steam or water.
13. by claim 11 or 12 described members,
It makes parts of steam turbine device (80).
14. by the described member of claim 13,
It is made into to be used for the gas collection box of the high temperature media (50) of particularly overflowing from heating process.
15. by the described member of claim 13,
It is made into to be used for to produce or the steam boiler of heating steam.
16. by the described member of claim 13,
It is made into SEPARATOR OR SEAL CHAMBER.
17. by the described member of claim 13,
It is made into the steam turbine housing.
18. by claim 13,14,16 or 17 described members,
It is connected in this wise with a steam boiler, makes cryogenic media (61) can import steam boiler, and can be transformed into high temperature media (50) by heating there.
19. by claim 13 and 7 described members,
Wherein, outer tube (72) is with a raw water service pump (19) and steam boiler, and interior pipe (70) partly circulates steam boiler with a steam turbine and is connected.
20. by claim 13 and 7 described members,
Wherein, outer tube (72) is the steam turbine of first pressure area part and steam boiler, and interior pipe (70) partly circulates steam boiler with the steam turbine of second pressure area lower with respect to the first pressure area pressure and is connected.
21. one kind is used for conducting one and is in the method for the high temperature media (50) in high-temperature zone (54) under the high temperature pressure, that have high temperature,
It is characterized in that: high-temperature zone (54) by cryogenic media (61) circulation, this cryogenic media has the temperature that is lower than high temperature media (50) and is at least half so big Low-temperature pressure of high temperature pressure.
22. by the described method of claim 21,
Wherein, image height temperature and pressure power is equally big at least in steady-state zone for Low-temperature pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99112453 | 1999-06-30 | ||
| EP99112453.8 | 1999-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1365422A true CN1365422A (en) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=8238458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00810921 Pending CN1365422A (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2000-06-28 | Component and method for guiding a hot pressured medium |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1190160A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003503635A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1365422A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001002702A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102966806A (en) * | 2011-08-28 | 2013-03-13 | 黑利福卡斯有限公司 | Fluid transfer assembly |
| CN109506052A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-22 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of interlayer pressure-bearing and heat-insulated 640 DEG C to 650 DEG C high temperature steam pipelines |
| CN109654911A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-19 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of 630 DEG C ~ 650 DEG C of interlayer fluid-cooled of main steam pipe road |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002309903A (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Steam piping structure of gas turbine |
| EP1744017A1 (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combined steam turbine and method for operating a combined steam turbine |
| DE102010029273B4 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2012-10-31 | Technische Universität Dresden | High-temperature fluid transport system |
| JP6004947B2 (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2016-10-12 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Steam turbine |
| CN113324600B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-09-20 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for testing bypass capacity of FCB functional thermal power generating unit |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH228880A (en) * | 1942-07-02 | 1943-09-30 | Sulzer Ag | Propellant gas generation plant. |
| DE2117729A1 (en) * | 1971-04-10 | 1972-10-19 | Aeg Kanis Turbinen | Inflow pipe of a gas turbine |
| JPH0621521B2 (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1994-03-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Main structure of steam turbine main steam inlet |
| DE4335136C2 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1999-12-16 | Alstom Energy Syst Gmbh | Method and device for carrying out the method for generating gases for operating a gas turbine in a combined gas and steam power plant |
| JPH07233900A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-09-05 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | High temperature high pressure gas piping |
-
2000
- 2000-06-28 CN CN 00810921 patent/CN1365422A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-28 JP JP2001507913A patent/JP2003503635A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-28 WO PCT/EP2000/006031 patent/WO2001002702A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-28 EP EP00940412A patent/EP1190160A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102966806A (en) * | 2011-08-28 | 2013-03-13 | 黑利福卡斯有限公司 | Fluid transfer assembly |
| CN109654911A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-19 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of 630 DEG C ~ 650 DEG C of interlayer fluid-cooled of main steam pipe road |
| CN109506052A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-22 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of interlayer pressure-bearing and heat-insulated 640 DEG C to 650 DEG C high temperature steam pipelines |
| CN109506052B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2024-03-12 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Sandwich pressure-bearing and heat-insulating 640-650 ℃ high-temperature steam pipeline |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001002702A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
| JP2003503635A (en) | 2003-01-28 |
| EP1190160A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
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