CN1359660A - 固定件 - Google Patents

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CN1359660A
CN1359660A CN01133861A CN01133861A CN1359660A CN 1359660 A CN1359660 A CN 1359660A CN 01133861 A CN01133861 A CN 01133861A CN 01133861 A CN01133861 A CN 01133861A CN 1359660 A CN1359660 A CN 1359660A
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卢茨·比德曼
于尔根·哈姆斯
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种本身已知的骨螺钉,它具有一个螺纹区段(2)和一个用于容纳一个要与所说骨螺钉相连的插杆(29)的容纳套件(5)。在骨螺钉和插杆之间的连接和连接的锁紧是通过一个外螺母(13)实现的。为了使所说连接具有所需的稳定性和耐久性,所说外螺母(13)在内部具有一个带预定内部尺寸的套筒形元件(17)和一个布置在其中的压力元件(25),所说套筒形元件的外径几乎等于或稍小于所说孔径(8)的直径。所说压力元件(25)在其朝向孔径(8)底部的端部上有一个第一区段(26),其外部尺寸大于所说的预定内部尺寸并且在将压力施加到所容纳的插杆(29)上时引起所说元件(17)的扩径。

Description

固定件
所属领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1的前序部分所述的固定件。
背景技术
在EP 0 614 649A1中已知一种这种类型的固定件，其形式是骨螺钉。其中，为了将插杆-骨螺钉-连接完美地锁紧，设置了一个拧入到敞开孔径中的保险螺母。
发明概述
本发明的任务在于提供一种开头所述类型的固定件，该固定件没有这样的内螺母也行。
将通过在权利要求1中所述的骨螺钉来完成上述任务。
本发明的其他结构将在从属权利要求中给出。
附图的简要说明
下面将借助附图在实施例的描述中进一步对本发明进行阐述。
其中：
图1是暴露状态的骨螺钉的侧视图；
图2是骨螺钉的剖面图；
图3是外螺母放大比例的带局部剖面的暴露视图；
图4是在装配状态下的外螺母，在对插杆进行作用之前；和
图5是同一幅视图，但是在对插杆进行作用之后；
图6是一种变化实施形式。
实施例说明
作为实施例所描述的骨螺钉具有原本的螺钉元件1，该螺钉元件带有一个螺纹区段2和一个头部3。所说头部与所说螺纹区段邻接，呈球缺形。所说头部与螺纹轴同轴并且在与螺纹区段2相对的端部上具有一个凹槽4，用于与一个内六角扳手进行配合。
所说骨螺钉还包括一个圆柱形的容纳套件5。所说容纳套件在其一个端部上具有一个轴向对称对齐的第一孔径7，其直径大于螺纹区段2的直径，但小于头部3的直径。所说容纳套件5还具有一个同轴的第二孔径8，该第二孔径在与第一孔径7相对的端部上是敞开的并且其直径的大小是这样的，以致所说螺钉元件1可以将其螺纹区段2经过敞开的端部穿过第一孔径7并且将其头部3一直引导到第二孔径的底部。在第一和第二孔径之间设置有一个小的同轴区段9，该同轴区段直接与第一孔径邻接并且在敞开区域方向形成球形，其中半径大致等于头部3的球缺形区段的半径。此外所说容纳套件5还具有一个相对于该套件的中心对称布置的U-形凹槽6，其底部朝向第一孔径7，而其两个侧柱30、31则在背离第一孔径7的敞开端部方向延伸。在所说U-形凹槽的侧柱的自由端部上设置有外螺纹10。
在位于头部3自由端部的一侧上有一个压力垫圈11，该压力垫圈是这样构成的，以致在其朝向头部3的一侧上具有一个球形的凹陷，其半径大致等于头部3的球缺形区段的半径。所说压力垫圈11的外径要这样选择，以致该压力垫圈可以滑动进入到第二孔径8的圆柱形区段12中，也就是说，可以在所说圆柱形区段中朝着头部那边移动。所说压力垫圈具有一个同轴的孔径，该孔径使与凹槽4的配合成为可能。
此外，所说骨螺钉还包括一个外螺母13，下面将特别借助图3至5对该外螺母的细节进行描述。该外螺母由一个螺帽构成并且具有一个带内螺纹区段14的圆柱形侧边和一个连接在所说螺纹区段14的一边上的上盖部分15，所说内螺纹区段构成了原本的螺母。所说上盖部分的构成与在通常螺帽情况下一样，但是有一个具有第一直径的中央孔径16。该上盖部分此外还设置有一个套筒17，该套筒具有一个外壳18并且在其朝向上盖部分15的一侧上有一个基底19。在该基底19中设有一个具有第二直径的中央孔径20。该第二直径等于孔径16的第一直径或稍大一些。
最好如在图3中所看到的那样，所说外壳18具有一个与所说基底19邻接的内空腔21，该内空腔包括一个圆柱形侧壁区段22，该圆柱形侧壁区段的末端与所说基底相距一段预定的距离。在所示实施例中，在该圆柱形侧壁区段22与所说基底之间有一个侧凹，其直径至少等于圆柱形侧壁区段22的直径。原则上，所说圆柱形侧壁区段还可以一直延伸到所说基底19本身。如在图3中所看到的那样，在所说外壳内部，在圆柱形侧壁区段22背离基底19的边上连接着一个向外收敛延伸的侧壁区段23，该侧壁区段是这样向外倾斜的，以致它具有圆锥区段的形状，其中，相对于圆柱形侧壁倾斜的倾角大约为30°至60°，而最好是大约40°。外部圆柱形套筒17的外径几乎等于第二孔径8的直径而且如此地小于后者，以致所说套筒可以无摩擦地导入到第二孔径8中。
此外，最好如在图3中所看到的那样，在向外逐渐变大的截锥形侧壁区段23上还连接着另一个侧壁区段24，该侧壁区段虽然在直径上仍然向外逐渐增大，也就是再次形成圆锥区段，但其倾斜只有很小的程度。另外这一侧壁区段24也可以是圆柱形的。
此外，所说外螺母还包括一个压力元件25。该压力元件具有一个中间的第一圆柱形区段26，其外径大致等于所说圆柱形侧壁区段22的内径。它的尺寸是这样安排的，以致通过将这一圆柱形区段引入到外壳内部的方式，所说压力元件可以通过摩擦力保持在圆柱形侧壁区段22中。在朝向所说套筒17基底19的一侧上，设有一个与第一圆柱形区段同轴的第二圆柱形区段27。这个附件的直径大致与所说孔径16的直径相等并且在尺寸上是这样安排的，以致这一圆柱形区段在孔径16中可以通过摩擦力保持在其中。在第一圆柱形区段26朝向所说基底19的一侧上，设有一个凸起区段28，该凸起区段呈近似锥形并且其小直径朝向区段26。这一近似截锥形区段28的小直径近似等于所说侧壁区段23的小内径，而该锥形区段28的大直径则近似等于所说侧壁区段23的大内径。该区段28的角度大致等于所说侧壁区段23的角度。在该区段28上还连接着一个第三圆柱形区段29′。
最好如在图4中所看到的那样，所说压力元件25要如此程度地插入到所说套筒17内部，即一直到在所说套筒内部贴靠在凸起区段28上为止。此外该压力元件在轴向的尺寸确定如下：第一圆柱形区段26连同图4所示的倾斜边一起的轴向长度是这样确定的，以致当所说区段28贴靠在所说套筒内部时，在基底19和第一圆柱形区段26朝向所说基底的表面之间留有最好为小于1毫米的狭缝形间距32。第二圆柱形区段27的长度等于由孔径16和孔径20组合在一起的凹槽的长度。第三圆柱形区段29′的轴向长度在尺寸上是这样安排的，以致在图4所示方式中，该区段在这里所述的初始位置上伸出所说套筒17的下边33一定尺寸，这一尺寸大于或至少等于狭缝形间距32的尺寸。
在使用中，首先用本身已知的方式将螺钉元件1、容纳套件5和压力垫圈组装在一起，最好如在图2中所看到的那样。然后放入一个将要与所说骨螺钉连接的插杆34。所说外螺母13以在图4中所看到的状态进行预装配，也就是说，将所说压力元件25放入到套筒17中并且与该套筒一起以所述的方式与所说上盖部分15连接在一起。现在将如此预装配好的螺母拧到所说容纳套件5的外螺纹上。与此同时，所说插杆34一方面平放在所说压力垫圈11上。另一方面通过在拧动过程中与插杆进入接触状态的压力元件25，所说插杆34还受到压力的作用，这样，所说外螺母13几乎到达了最终位置。在将所说外螺母13继续拧紧到所需最终位置的过程中，所说压力元件25将以在图5中所看到的方式一直移动到基底19上，这同时还导致了所说区段28对所说套筒17的内壁如此地产生作用，以致以图5所示的方式将所说内壁向外压出一点。由此可以实现：所说外壳18另一方面还用其外表面将一个力压到在外螺纹10区域中的自由侧柱30、31上并压入到具有内螺纹的外壳18中。
最好如在图3中所能看到的那样，所说外壳18具有多个在其整个外壳长度上延伸的切缝35，这些切缝在圆周方向上彼此间隔一定距离并且在压入所说压力元件25时能使上述的外壳18扩径过程变得容易。
通过设置连接在凸起侧壁区段23上的侧壁区段24，可以在侧壁区段24内实现一种扩张，这种扩张导致在没有反作用从外面作用到所说套筒上的情况下，在下边33区域内的套筒外径大于在凸起侧壁区段23区域内的套筒外径。这对套筒17的外径相对于第二孔径8的内径的相对尺寸来说，可以允许有较大的公差，因为就是当第二孔径8的内径比套筒17的外径大一点时，也会有一定的压力作用到侧柱30、31上，这一压力足以用于锁紧。通过这种将套筒加长和用切缝35将其等分成单个侧壁区段的方式，它们的作用就像一种弯曲梁，因此还能形成较有弹性的锁紧。
在上述实施例中涉及的是一种所谓的多轴螺钉，其中，所说螺钉元件1和所说容纳套件5彼此间可以按一定的角度进行相对运动。在一种变化实施形式中，所说螺钉元件1和一个容纳了插杆34的容纳套件彼此连成一体，大致是这样的，即，以图2所示的方式，所说容纳套件5、头部3和压力垫圈11连成一体。在这种情况下，所说外螺母13具有上述相同的形状。在操作方式上，所说外螺母13的制动是通过以上述方式由插杆34将力作用到压力元件25上实现的，这样将达到相同的制动效果。
图6所示的实施形式与图1至5所述的实施形式的不同之处仅在于：用一个带挂钩37的杆身36取代了带有螺纹区段2的螺钉元件1。而其余所有的元件都与前述元件完全一致。所说挂钩涉及的是一种这样的挂钩，该挂钩特别是被挂在脊柱的后骨隆起上，例如挂在横突或椎间腔中的椎弓板(Laminabgen)上。结构和尺寸在通常的现有技术中都是已知的。
在上述实施例中，所说套筒17具有一个基底19。在一种变化实施形式中，所说套筒17没有基底。该套筒直接将其外壳18靠在上盖部分15的内侧36上，而间距32则相应地在第一圆柱形区段26朝向内侧的表面与所说内侧36之间形成。所说第二圆柱形区段27的长度则等于孔径16的长度。

Claims (6)

1.一种固定件，该固定件包括一个杆身和一个在头部一侧的圆柱形容纳套件(5)，该容纳套件用于容纳一个要与所说固定件相连的插杆(29)，其中，所说容纳套件有一个敞开的孔径(8)并且具有一个大致呈U-形的横截面，它有两个自由的、带外螺纹(10)的侧柱(30、31)，并且该固定件包括一个可拧到所说外螺纹(10)上的外螺母(13)，该外螺母具有一个带内螺纹的边(14)和一个上盖部分(15)，
其特征在于：所说外螺母(13)在内部具有一个带预定内部尺寸的套筒形元件(17)和一个布置在其中的压力元件(25)，所说套筒形元件的外壳(18)具有一个朝向上盖部分(15)的第一边和一个与其相背离的第二边(33)、一个带有第一直径的内部第一侧壁区段(22)和一个紧接着在朝向第二边(33)方向上凸起延伸的内部第二侧壁区段(23)和一个连接在其上的第三侧壁区段(24)，所说外壳(18)的外径几乎等于或稍小于所说孔径(8)的直径，其中，所说压力元件(25)具有一个区段(28)，其外部尺寸大于所说第一直径并且在将压力施加到所容纳的插杆(29)上时引起外壳(18)的扩径。
2.根据权利要求1的固定件，其特征在于：所说的套筒形元件(17)在朝向所说上盖部分(15)的一侧上具有一个预定长度的圆柱形侧壁区段(22)，而所说压力元件(25)则具有一个与其相配合的第一圆柱形区段(26)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的固定件，其特征在于：所说外壳(18)有朝向下边的切缝。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的固定件，其特征在于：所说压力元件(25)在其与区段(28)邻接的背离上盖部分(15)的一侧上具有一个第三区段(29′)。
5.根据权利要求4的固定件，其特征在于：所说第三区段(29′)是圆柱形的。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一的固定件，其特征在于：所说杆身具有螺纹区段(2)。
CN01133861A 2000-12-22 2001-12-21 固定件 Pending CN1359660A (zh)

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CA (1) CA2364657C (zh)
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Cited By (8)

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CN101810510A (zh) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-25 比德曼莫泰赫有限责任两合公司 将杆连到骨锚固元件的接收部及带该接收部的骨锚固装置
CN101944662A (zh) * 2009-06-06 2011-01-12 哈廷电子有限公司及两合公司 具有至少一个不可遗失的固定螺钉的固定装置
CN102202588A (zh) * 2008-10-06 2011-09-28 华沙整形外科股份有限公司 用于将细长部件固定于骨的外科连接器
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US6695843B2 (en) 2004-02-24
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JP2002291763A (ja) 2002-10-08
DE50100900D1 (de) 2003-12-11
EP1219256A2 (de) 2002-07-03
US20020082602A1 (en) 2002-06-27
KR20020051836A (ko) 2002-06-29
CA2364657A1 (en) 2002-06-22
DE10064571A1 (de) 2002-07-11
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DE10064571C2 (de) 2003-07-10
CA2364657C (en) 2007-04-17

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