CN1358867A - 荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,将未进行荧光标记的待测核酸样品与寡核苷酸微阵列杂交、洗脱,使能够与寡核苷酸探针完全配对的核酸结合在基因芯片上,寡核苷酸微阵列上寡核苷酸片段的序列特征是5′-末端的序列与待测核酸样品目标区域的3′-序列配对,3′-末端的序列与目标区域的5′-序列配对,中间序列是寡聚胸腺核苷酸,两个末端分别用不同的荧光基团修饰,中间用生物素修饰,根据荧光供体基团的激发光波长与荧光受体基团的发射光波长,检测微阵列的荧光信号及其位置,确定待测核酸样品的结构特征及其含量。本发明可用于检测目标核酸的种类与数量、目标核酸的单核苷酸多态性、疾病的基因诊断等领域。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种基于荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,利用新型基因芯片进行核酸检测,用于疾病的临床基因诊断,基因多态性分析和物种鉴定等,属于生物检测技术领域。
背景技术:
基因芯片技术是将基因探针以微阵列的方式、固定于固相载体表面,根据核酸的碱基配对原则分析待测样品溶液的核酸种类及其含量。这种技术具有微型化,平行处理,通量大的优点。基因芯片已经用于核酸序列分析、基因表达谱分析、单核苷酸多态性分析、疾病诊断、药物筛选等领域(Walker,Josef,Rigley,Kevin.Gene expression profiling in human peripheral bloodmononuclear ceels using high-density filter-based cDNA microarray.Journalof immunological Methods,vol.239,2000,pp167-179.及Jain,Kewal K“Biotechnological applications of lab-chips and microarrays”Trends inBiotechnology,vol.18,2000,278-280.)。目前基因芯片的种类大多数是将核酸片段固定于活化处理(氨基化、醛基化、异硫氰酸化)的玻片表面。待测的目标核酸用Cy-3或Cy-5荧光基团标记,当目标核酸与芯片阵列上的核苷酸片段杂交后,荧光信号所在的位置表示待测核酸的种类,其信号强度表示该目标核酸的含量。由于待测核酸必须用荧光基团标记才能进行分析,一方面增加了操作的难度,另一方面待测样品含有多种核酸样品需要分析时,在一个反应溶液中进行标记样品间存在的差异使数据不真实等,限制了基因芯片的推广应用。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,简化检测程序,提高检测通量与检测精度。
为实现这样的目的,在本发明中,采用一种新的基因芯片—荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列,进行核酸种类与数量的检测。寡核苷酸片段两端分别用荧光供体基团与荧光受体基团标记,片段的中间用生物素标记。
本发明的具体步骤如下:
第一步,制备待测核酸样品,利用各种分子生物学常规方法(DNA抽提、PCR扩增、mRNA抽提)制备各种待测核酸样品。
第二步,待测核酸样品与寡核苷酸微阵列在杂交缓冲液中杂交,用杂交洗脱缓冲液在特定条件下洗脱,那些不能与寡核苷酸探针完全配对的目标核酸将被洗脱,而那些能够与寡核苷酸探针完全配对的核酸不会被洗去而结合在基因芯片上。寡核苷酸微阵列上寡核苷酸片段的序列特征是5’-末端的序列将与待测核酸样品目标区域的3’-序列配对,3’-末端的序列将与目标区域的5’-序列配对,中间序列是寡聚胸腺核苷酸;这种片段的修饰特征是两个末端分别用不同的荧光基团修饰,中间用生物素修饰。生物素的作用是将寡核苷酸固定于玻片表面;两个荧光基团用于产生检测信号,其信号产生原理基于两个荧光基团在相互作用接近时将发生荧光能量共振转移。
第三步,根据荧光供体基团的激发光波长与荧光受体基团的发射光波长选择对应的光学检测系统检测微阵列的荧光信号及其位置,确定待测核酸样品的结构特征及其含量。
本发明与现有的基因芯片技术相比有显著的进步。主要优点如下:(1)待测样品无需预先用荧光基团标记;(2)能够检测出待测核酸一个位点的核苷酸差异;(3)可以同时检测多个核酸序列,且样品间干扰小;(4)目标分子可以是DNA、RNA、单链核酸、双链核酸。
本发明利用荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,可用于检测待测核酸的种类与含量,单核苷酸多态性分析以及疾病诊断等领域。与利用寡核苷酸微阵列检测核酸种类与数量的其它方法相比,本发明的待测样品不需要预先进行荧光标记,操作简单,成本低。
具体实施方式:
以下通过一个具体的实施例来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
本实施例用荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列检测胎儿性别,其寡核苷酸片段采用特异性碱基序列,其荧光供体基团是Fluorescein,荧光受体基团是Red640,利用生物素与streptavidin间相互作用固定探针分子于玻片上。用490nm波长激发Fluorescein,其发射光波长是518nm。如果存在荧光能量共振转移,则Fluorescein的发射光进一步激发Red640,后者发射光的波长是640nm。在寡核苷酸微阵列检测过程中,激发光波长是490nm,检测微阵列在640nm波长处的信号强度。
现在胎儿性别检测方法主要有B超、PCR检测等。在PCR方法检测胎儿性别操作中用两对引物进行扩增反应,一对引物(primer1:tgggttcatctttgctcacac,primer2:cttgaactcctgacctcgtg)可以扩增X染色体的一段556bp长的特异性核苷酸序列,另一对引物(primer3:atgccctcaatgtcctgacg,primer4:gcgggaagatgagtttggc)可以扩增Y染色体的一段441bp长的特异性核苷酸序列。用PCR扩增这两段特异性核酸序列后,进行PAGE胶电泳可以进行产前胎儿性别鉴定。其主要操作为抽取孕妇羊水,4000rpm离心收集细胞,从收集细胞中抽提DNA。以抽提的DNA为模板,分别用引物1:2进行PCR扩增X染色体片段,引物3:4进行PCR扩增Y染色体片段。将PCR扩增产物进行凝胶电泳,根据电泳的结果鉴别胎儿性别。如果只有引物1:2能够扩增出DNA片段,表明待测对象女性;如果引物1:2,引物3:4都能够扩增出DNA条带,表明待测对象是男性。
PCR方法检测胎儿性别的缺点是检测灵敏度不高,而且定量测定效果差;B超检测需待胎儿发育到一定阶段才可以检测。
本发明用寡核苷酸微阵列鉴别胎儿性别,可以克服这些缺点,且能测定性染色体的数目,其基本操作如下:待测样品用限制性内切酶酶切,然后将酶切产物直接与寡核苷酸微阵列杂交。根据杂交信号的位置与强度确定待测样品的性别。微阵列的寡核苷酸特异性碱基序列如下:
Fx:(Fa)GTGAAGAAAGATGCTGAGGG(T15-Tbiotin-T15)TGCATCTCTGTGATACCTG(Fd)
Fy:(Fa)CTGGCTGCTCTTCCTTAGT(T15-Tbiotin-T15)CTCCTGGGCCTGAGACT(Fd)
也可根据本发明提出的原理设计检测胎儿性别的其它寡核苷酸探针。
根据寡核苷酸微阵列各个位点的信号强度,以及这些信号强度间的比值,不仅能够判断性别,而且能够对染色体疾病进行诊断。胎儿性别检测具体程序如下:
1.抽取孕妇羊水10mL,4000rpm离心收集细胞,从收集细胞中采用苯酚氯仿抽提法抽提DNA。
2.DNA酶解:在20微升反应体积中用限制性内切酶EcoRI酶切DNA 2小时以上,使之彻底酶解。然后在95℃保温30分钟使酶失活,同时使DNA片段变性。
3.杂交溶液制备:在DNA酶解溶液管中,加入25微升20×SSC,2微升1.0%SDS,53微升水。
4.杂交与洗脱:将寡核苷酸微阵列置于Genomic Hybridization杂交室中,然后加入不含有核酸样品的杂交溶液处理寡核苷酸微阵列(50℃,10分钟)。在计算机提示下加入步骤3制备的100微升杂交溶液。按下列程序进行杂交和洗脱:
杂交:50℃保温8小时。
洗脱:(1)5×SSC,0.1%SDS室温洗涤5分钟。
(2)1×SSC,0.1%SDS 42℃洗涤5分钟。
(3)0.1×SSC,0.1%SDS 42℃洗涤5分钟。
(4)0.1×SSC,42℃洗涤5分钟。
(5)干燥。
5.用基因芯片扫描仪对洗脱后的基因芯片进行扫描,检测荧光信号。在寡核苷酸微阵列检测过程中,激发光波长是490nm,检测微阵列在640nm波长处的信号强度。若基因芯片上只有一个探针分子(X)可以检测到荧光信号,则胎儿性别为女性;若两个探针分子(X,Y)都可以检测到荧光信号,则胎儿性别为男性。若采用荧光强度定量分析的方法,还可以预测性染色体的数目。若荧光强度比值为Y/X接近0,则为女性;Y/X=1,则为正常男性;Y/X=1/2,则为异常男性(XXY男性)。
若抽提的DNA量过低,以DNA为模板,PCR扩增DNA片段。扩增用引物为两对引物(引物1:tgggttcatctttgctcacac,引物2:cttgaactcctgacctcgtg,引物3:atgccctcaatgtcctgacg,引物4:gcgggaagatgagtttggc),其中引物1与2用于扩增X染色体上的特异性核酸片段,引物3与4用于扩增Y染色体上的特异性核酸片段,进行PCR扩增反应。PCR的操作条件为:95℃预变性10分钟,95℃变性45秒,58℃退火30秒,72℃延伸30秒,进行30个循环扩增反应后72℃延伸10分钟。用扩增产物与基因芯片进行杂交检测。
只要采用固定有其它寡核苷酸探针的荧光共振能量转移微阵列,就可以进行其它的核酸序列检测,例如镰刀贫血病、病毒性疾病的检测、物种鉴定和大通量基因多态性分析等。如果将多种疾病的寡核苷酸探针微阵化固定于同一张玻片上,就可以同时检测多种疾病,并且病人的待测样品不需进行荧光标记,检测速度快。
特别是在病毒性疾病的检测中,现今的基因芯片由于待测样品需要用荧光标记,这种标记是一种酶促反应。因此,如果需要测定的目标核酸中既有RNA病原体又有DNA病原体时,荧光标记很难达到均一性,结果限制了待测目标样品的检测通量。用本发明设计的寡核苷酸进行检测,不存在待测样品的荧光标记,只需要简单的核酸杂交就可以解决这个问题。
Claims (3)
1、一种荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,其特征在于采用荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列,将未进行荧光标记的待测核酸样品与寡核苷酸微阵列杂交、洗脱,使能够与寡核苷酸探针完全配对的核酸结合在基因芯片上,寡核苷酸微阵列上寡核苷酸片段的序列特征是5’-末端的序列与待测核酸样品目标区域的3’-序列配对,3’-末端的序列与目标区域的5’-序列配对,中间序列是寡聚胸腺核苷酸,两个末端分别用不同的荧光基团修饰,中间用生物素修饰,根据荧光供体基团的激发光波长与荧光受体基团的发射光波长,检测微阵列的荧光信号及其位置,确定待测核酸样品的结构特征及其含量。
2、如权利要求1所说的荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,其特征在于用于检测胎儿性别的寡核苷酸片段采用特异性碱基序列,其荧光供体基团是Fluorescein,荧光受体基团是Red640,利用生物素与streptavidin间相互作用固定探针分子在玻片上,用490nm波长激发Fluorescein,其发射光波长是518nm。
3、如权利要求1所说的荧光共振能量转移寡核苷酸微阵列的核酸检测方法,其特征在于将多种疾病的寡核苷酸探针微阵化固定于同一张玻片上,同时检测多种疾病。
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