CN1356293A - Fertilizer especially for tobacco and its preparing process - Google Patents
Fertilizer especially for tobacco and its preparing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1356293A CN1356293A CN 00126711 CN00126711A CN1356293A CN 1356293 A CN1356293 A CN 1356293A CN 00126711 CN00126711 CN 00126711 CN 00126711 A CN00126711 A CN 00126711A CN 1356293 A CN1356293 A CN 1356293A
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- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- fertilizer
- nitrogen
- temperature
- potassium
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 21
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 15
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 15
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 12
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010048259 Zinc deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000008167 Magnesium Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910017625 MgSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- YEDYRXAQAGCWGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].P(O)(O)(O)=O.P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[NH4+] Chemical compound [Ca+2].P(O)(O)(O)=O.P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[NH4+] YEDYRXAQAGCWGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YMKIRWHSXOBLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[P].[Ca] Chemical compound [Mg].[P].[Ca] YMKIRWHSXOBLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BKBMJHBISA-N alpha-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O[C@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BKBMJHBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004764 magnesium deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A tobacco fertilizer features that its base fertilizer contains N, P and K in ratio of 12:8:22 and its low-concentration top application contains Mn and N, P and K in ratio of 6:7:12, and is prepared through stirring, granulating, baking and sieving. Its advantages include high uniformity, strength, water solubility and fertility.
Description
The invention relates to a special fertilizer for tobacco and a preparation method thereof.
As is known, tobacco is an economic crop and has a wide planting range, and the tobacco planting has strict requirements on soil type, quality and physical and chemical properties, and also has high requirements on fertilizer proportion and nutrient content. The whole growth period of the tobacco is divided into two stages, namely a seedbed period and a fieldperiod, wherein the seedbed period is about 50-60 days, less nutrients are absorbed from sowing to 2-3 true leaves after 21 days, but the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are multiplied from the 9 th true leaf. Too much nutrients in the seedbed period easily burn the seedling roots, and too little nutrients make the seedlings not strong. The field period of the tobacco is about 110-120 days, and the tobacco is generally divided into four stages of seedling return, clumping, bud emergence and maturity. Spring tobacco is taken as a row, the seedling return stage is basically performed within 30 days after transplanting, the tobacco plant growth amount is small, the absorption amount accounts for about 7 percent of the total nitrogen absorption amount in the field period, and the tobacco plant growth amount is controlled by the control unit after transplantingIn the half month from 30 days to 45 days, the tobacco plants are in the seedling returning period, the growth amount of the tobacco plants is gradually accelerated, and the nitrogen absorption accounts for 11% of the field period. In the half month of 45-60 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the tobacco seedlings are still in the rooting stage, the growth of the tobacco plants is rapidly increased, the nitrogen absorption amount is also obviously increased, and the nitrogen absorption amount accounts for 16.2% of the whole field period. In the half month of 60-75 days after the transplanting, the tobacco plants are just in the end period of the mass to the mass, the growth of the tobacco plants is accelerated rapidly, the nitrogen absorption amount accounts for 30.92% of the total nitrogen absorption amount in the field period, at the moment, the nitrogen absorption peak period is the nitrogen absorption peak period, the budding and maturation period after the period is about 40 days, and although the tobacco plants grow in a large amount, the nitrogen absorption rate is reduced obviously and only accounts for about 33% of the nitrogen absorption amount of the tobacco plants in the field period. According to the nitrogen absorption rule of tobacco plants, when the tobacco fertilizer is formulated, a large amount of easily soluble and absorbable nitrogen fertilizer, such as NH, is required to be added4NO3Also, a small amount of slow-decomposing and slow-absorbing nitrogen fertilizer, such as (NH), is added4)2SO4And the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged to meet the requirement of the tobacco in the later growth period. The phosphorus uptake rule of the tobacco plant is generally equivalent to that of nitrogen, and a phosphorus uptake peak appears from the beginning of the mass to the end of the mass. Secondly, a large amount of phosphorus is still absorbed in the yellow falling stage before maturation, which accounts for 14-15% of the whole field period, and is only next to the phosphorus absorption peak of the mass plants and higher than each timeAnd (4) period. Finally, meeting the phosphorus supply in the later period of tobacco growth is also important. The law of potassium absorption of tobacco, except seedling, rising, budding and yellow falling, also has a peak of potassium absorption, but the peak of potassium absorption is earlier. In the beginning of the agglomeration period, the potassium absorption peak comes along with the start of the agglomeration period, and is about half a month earlier than the nitrogen absorption peak and the phosphorus absorption peak, so the early application of the potassium fertilizer is more important. The yield of flue-cured tobacco leaves per mu is 175-200 kg, and when 100kg of tobacco leaves are produced, 2.30-3.40 kg of nitrogen (N) and 2.30-3.40 kg of phosphorus (P) are absorbed from soil2O5) 1.05-1.53 kg of potassium (K)2O) 4.83-6.53 kg, the ratio of the three is 2.2: 1: 4.27. The amount of potassium absorbed from soil is 2 times of the amount of nitrogen absorbed, thus the tobacco is apotassium-like crop, potassium is added in the production of the special fertilizer for tobacco, sufficient potassium is applied to ensure the potassium absorption requirement of the tobacco, the special fertilizer has good effects of improving the combustibility, safety and fragrance of the tobacco, improving the quality of the tobacco and reducing the content of nicotine, and the special fertilizer can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium along with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumIncrease of fertilizer application amount. The trace elements in the tobacco fertilization are also important, calcium is one of plant components, calcium is acidified with pectin to synthesize calcium pectate, so that cell walls can be reinforced, the capability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests can be enhanced, and the excessive ammonium ions can not harm plants due to the antagonistic action of the calcium and the ammonium ions. The calcium absorption amount of tobacco is equivalent to the nitrogen absorption amount, 60-70% of the absorbed calcium is distributed in the leaf part, and the old leaf has more content than the tender leaf; magnesium is mainly present in chlorophyll and is an essential nutrient element for plants, the absorption amount of the tobacco to the magnesium is higher than that of potassium, and the magnesium content of normal tobacco leaves is 0.4-1.5%, for example, is lower than 0.2%, so that the magnesium deficiency can be caused. Potassium and magnesium have antagonistic action, and the absorption of magnesium by crops can be inhibited by applying a large amount of potassium fertilizer. When the tobacco is planted, the content of potassium in the tobacco fertilizer is high, and the tobacco is easy to lack magnesium, so that when the special fertilizer for the tobacco is produced according to the proportion, magnesium is added. When the tobacco lacks magnesium, the leaves become white, the growth of the tobacco is inhibited, and the yield and the quality of the tobacco are reduced; sulfur is one of the main components of protein and enzyme in plant body, has two forms of oxidation state and reduction state in plant body, participates in the redox action and protein synthesis in plant body, and is also favorable for chlorophyll formation. The tobacco has large sulfur absorption amount, and sulfur is more added when the special fertilizer for the tobacco is produced; when the content of manganese in soil is 20-500 mg/kg, the requirement of plants on manganese can be normally met, when the content of manganese is lower than 20 mg/kg, manganese deficiency can occur to tobacco, when the content of manganese in tobacco is deficient, leaves are light green or grey white, even necrotize, the soil with large grittiness is easy to be deficient in manganese, and the acid soil can be poisoned by manganese. The tobacco fertilizer is generally not considered to be added with manganese; the nutrition of boron mainly participates in the transportation of sugar, if the boron is deficient, the accumulation of sugar in leaves is increased, and the sugar in stems is reduced. Lack of soilThe critical value of boron is 0.5 mg/kg soil, when the boron is deficient, the top end of the stem of the tobacco plant is withered, the root system is not well extended and necrosed, the leaf blade is thickened and crisp, necrotic spots appear, the surface of the stem and the leaf stalk is thickened and lignified, when the boron reaches 200 mg/kg soil, the tobacco is poisoned, and the boron is generally applied in a symptomatic way when the tobacco grows, but is not added in the production of special tobacco fertilizer; zinc deficiency of plantThe typical symptoms are that the growth of the plant is inhibited, because in the absence of zinc, the synthesis of auxin, a growth promoting substance in the plant is inhibited, and the growth of the plant is definitely reduced due to the lack of auxin. The critical value for the zinc deficiency of tobacco is 1 mg/kg of air dry weight. The tobacco lacks zinc, the upper part is dark green, and irregular withered spots appear on the lower part, then the tobacco is necrotic and falls off. The zinc deficiency of sandy soil and alkaline soil; when producing the special fertilizer for tobacco, a small amount of ZnSO can be added4·7H2O or ZnSO4·H2O; the nutrition effect of iron mainly promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll, iron is deficient, the synthesis of chlorophyll is hindered, tobacco is deficient in iron, upper leaves become light yellow and gradually turn yellow-white, and sandy soil and alkaline earth are easy to be deficient in iron; the nutrition of molybdenum mainly promotes crops to well utilize nitrogen, and the tobacco needs little molybdenum, so that the molybdenum is not lacked under general conditions. In general, the basic fertilizers for providing nitrogen in the production of compound fertilizers include urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate and the like. Because tobacco is a prohibited crop, although the chlorine deficiency can affect the tobacco quality, when the chlorine content of the tobacco is more than 0.3%, the tobacco is dry, coarse and easy to break, the chlorine content is more, the combustibility is poor, the smell is not good, and the yield is greatly reduced. The chlorine root contained in the soil is enough for the growth of plants, and the tobacco fertilizer can not contain chlorine any more, so that the ammonium chloride can not be added to avoid causing chlorine damage (note: the tobacco has very strong chlorine absorption capacity, almost one hundred percent). Nitrate nitrogen can promote the formation and accumulation of citric acid and malic acid in the tobacco body, so as to improve the combustibility of the tobacco leaves, and ammonia nitrogen can promote the formation of aromatic volatile oil in the tobacco body, so as to enhance the fragrance of the tobacco leaves. As for tobacco, the yield increasing effect is consistent byapplying nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, but the quality of tobacco leaves can be improved by applying nitrate nitrogen, and the application of nitrate nitrogen is better than the application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in terms of yield value. Ammonium nitrate is the most ideal nitrogen fertilizer for tobacco, urea and ammonium nitrate can also be used as nitrogen fertilizers for tobacco, but the use of ammonium nitrate is economically inexhaustible, and because the critical relative humidity of urea is 72.5 percent and the critical relative humidity of ammonium nitrate is 59.4 percent, when the urea and the ammonium nitrate are mixed together, the critical relative humidity is reduced to 18.1 percent, the hygroscopicity is very strong, and the water is easily converted into water. Thus producingWhen the tobacco is fertilized, a large amount of NH is used4NO3Urea cannot be used. The ammonium sulfate not only provides nitrogen, but also can meet the requirement of the tobacco on sulfur, and is an ideal raw material for producing the tobacco fertilizer.
When producing the special fertilizer for tobacco, the basic phosphate fertilizer for providing phosphorus element comprises monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the like. The main component of Pralcaine and triple superphosphate is Ca (HPO)4)2·H2O, in the presence of ammonium nitrate, nitric acid and calcium nitrate can be generated, the nitric acid is strong in volatility and harmful to human bodies, the calcium nitrate is difficult to dissolve, and the utilization rate of nitrate nitrogen is reduced, so that the common calcium is used as little as possible, but the production process of the tobacco fertilizer is facilitated by using a small amount of common calcium: is favorable for granulation and drying. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer also contains MgSiO besides phosphate3And CaSiO3And other trace elements, and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is added, so that the phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon and trace elements are provided, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and the tobacco fertilizer is beneficial to drying in the production process. However, the addition of excessive calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is not good, and the produced particles are difficult to grow up and dissolve, so that only 3-5% of calcium magnesium phosphate is added generally. Preferably, ammonium phosphate is used as the source of phosphorus, providing both NH4 +And also provide P2O5And the monoammonium phosphate and the diammonium phosphate have better viscosity, which is beneficial to granulation. Diammonium phosphate is preferred, as conditions permit.
Tobacco is a potassium-loving crop, and a large amount of potassium is required to be added for producing the tobacco. Potassium provides a general ban on the use of potassium chloride, which is dangerous for reasons other than tobacco chlorine:
When the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are analyzed, calcium, magnesium and potassium can be seen,The sulfur source is more, the sepiolite and the feldspar powder belong to a rare mineral soil, the sepiolite and the feldspar powder are rich in various mineral elements, such as zinc, manganese, copper, iron,molybdenum, boron and a small amount of rare metals, and the trace elements and the ultra-trace elements can completely meet the growth requirement of tobacco, so that the trace elements do not need to be added, and ZnSO can be used if a zinc fertilizer is added4·7H2And O. Sepiolite, feldspar powder and diatomite are all mineral soils with good viscosity and are also good sources of additives.
The invention aims to provide a special fertilizer for tobacco and a manufacturing method thereof.
The invention aims to realize the purpose in the following way, and the formula of the base fertilizer is as follows: the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium (N: P: K) is 12: 8: 22, the nitrate nitrogen accounts for more than 32% of the total nitrogen, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 41.5%. The low-concentration additional fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium (N: P: K) is 6: 7: 12: Mg, the nitrate nitrogen is required to be more than 35 percent, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 25 percent, and 45 percent of tobacco base fertilizer is as follows: n, P and K (N: P: K) is 10: 25
The manufacturing method of the invention comprises the following steps: the materials are put into a stirrer according to the formula, are uniformly stirred, are sent into a granulator through a main raw material belt and a bucket elevator, are humidified and heated by steam and water, are agglomerated into granules by a rotary drum granulator, are aged by an aging belt and then are sent into a dryer, are dried at a low temperature, are sent to a coarse sieve and a fine sieve by a semi-finished product bucket elevator for screening, are sent to a finished product fine sieve after being cooled, are sent to a film coating machine for coating film, and are then sent to a finished product for packaging.
The production process indexes are as follows:
the granulation temperature is 40-55 DEG C
The temperature of the hearth is 280 ℃ and 480 DEG C
The temperature of the kiln head is 110 ℃ and 180 DEG C
The temperature of the kiln tail is 57-65 DEG C
The material is abundant, and the temperature of the hearth and the kiln head can float up to 2-3 ℃ in rainy days
The special fertilizer for tobacco has the features of homogeneous granularity, smooth, white, high strength, high water solubility and high fertilizer effect, and during production, KNO is avoided3The danger of decomposition and explosion is generated, and the loss of nitrogen generated after the decomposition of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate is avoided.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1(1) ammonium nitrate 225kg potassium sulfate 450kg
Monoammonium phosphate 200kg ammonium sulfate 100kg
Sepiolite 80kg
Total nutrients: n + P + K is more than or equal to 41.5 percent
Example 2
Ammonium nitrate 225kg potassium sulfate 433kg
Monoammonium phosphate 180kg ammonium sulfate 100kg
20kg of sepiolite and 100kg of ordinary calcium
Total nutrients: 25kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus with concentration of about 41 percent
Example 3
Ammonium nitrate 225kg monoammonium phosphate 200kg
Ammonium sulfate 150kg Potassium sulfate 433.3kg
50kg of ordinary calcium, 25kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus
Total nutrients: 42.0 to 42.2 percent
Example 4
Ammonium nitrate 233.3kg monoammonium phosphate 160kg
Ammonium sulfate 125kg Potassium sulfate 433.3kg
66.7kg of ordinary calcium 26.7kg of sepiolite
Total nutrients: 40.98-41.5%
Example 5
Ammonium nitrate 233.3kg monoammonium phosphate 160kg
Ammonium sulfate 125kg Potassium sulfate 433.3kg
66.7kg of ordinary calcium or 26.7kg of feldspar powder or kaolin
Total nutrients: 41.5 to 42.0 percent
Example 6
Ammonium nitrate 233.3kg monoammonium phosphate 160kg
Ammonium sulfate 125kg Potassium sulfate 433.3kg
50kg of ordinary calcium, 25kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus
Feldspar powder 26.7kg zinc sulfate 10kg
Total nutrients: 41.5-41.7% of the example 7 special low-concentration tobacco fertilizer 6-7-12-Mg formula<requirement for topdressing>nitrate nitrogen is more than 35%, and the formula is as follows:
ammonium nitrate 125kg ammonium sulfate 25kg
150kg of ordinary calcium phosphate monoammonium phosphate 50kg
250kg of potassium sulfate, 25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate
240kg of feldspar powder and 200kg of kaolin
Total nutrients: 24.5 to 25.0% of example 8
Ammonium nitrate 125kg monoammonium phosphate 160kg
Potassium sulfate 250kg calcium magnesium phosphorus 50kg
Zinc sulfate 5kg feldspar powder 320kg
150kg of diatomaceous earth example 9
Ammonium nitrate 125kg monoammonium phosphate 160kg
Potassium sulfate 250kg magnesium sulfate 25kg
25kg of plaster powder and 5kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate
300kg of mountain soil and 100kg of seafoam stone
Total nutrients: 24.8-25.0% of example 108-12-20 (40%) formula<top dressing>
133kg of ammonium nitrate and 200kg of diammonium phosphate
Ordinary calcium 150kg potassium sulfate 366kg
Zinc sulfate 10kg plaster of Paris powder 80kg EXAMPLE 11
Ammonium nitrate 160kg monoammonium phosphate 200kg
Ordinary calcium 150kg potassium sulfate 366kg
Zinc sulfate 10kg plaster of Paris powder 40kg EXAMPLE 12
Ammonium nitrate 100kg monoammonium phosphate 200kg
Guangxi general calcium 150kg potassium sulfate 366kg
Zinc sulfate 10kg ammonium sulfate 100kg
The temperature of the kiln inlet is 200-220 ℃, the temperature of the kiln tail is 65 +/-2 DEG C
1345% tobacco fertilizer (N-P-K10-25) of burned white coal example<base fertilizer>ammonium nitrate 160kg phosphorus fertilizer 100kg potassium sulfate 500kg monoammonium sulfate 250kg kiln head temperature 180-200 ℃ kiln tail temperature 63-65 ℃ burned white coal example 14 ammonium nitrate 240kg monoammonium phosphate 233kg potassium sulfate 500kg diatomaceous earth 33kg calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg zinc sulfate 10kg kiln head temperature 160-180 ℃ kiln tail temperature 62-65 DEG C
Claims (4)
1. A special fertilizer for tobacco is characterized in that: the formula of the base fertilizer is as follows: the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium (N: P: K) is 12: 8: 22, the nitrate nitrogen accounts for more than 32% of the total nitrogen, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 41.5%, and the low-concentration additional fertilizer formula is as follows: the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium (N: P: K) is 6: 7: 12: Mg, the nitrate nitrogen is required to be more than 35 percent, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 25 percent, and 45 percent of tobacco base fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen phosphorus potassium (N: P: K) 10: 25.
2. A method for manufacturing a fertilizer special for tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps: the materials are put into a stirrer according to the formula, are uniformly stirred, are sent into a granulator through a main raw material belt and a bucket elevator, are humidified and heated by steam and water, are agglomerated into granules by a rotary drum granulator, are aged by an aging belt and then are sent into a dryer, are dried at a low temperature, are sent to a coarse sieve and a fine sieve by a semi-finished product bucket elevator for screening, are sent to a finished product fine sieve after being cooled, are sent to a film coating machine for coating film, and are then sent to a finished product for packaging.
3. The method for manufacturing the fertilizer special for the tobacco according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the production process indexes are as follows:
the granulation temperature is 40-55 DEG C
The temperature of the hearth is 280 ℃ and 480 DEG C
The temperature of the kiln head is 110 ℃ and 180 DEG C
The temperature of the kiln tail is 57-65 ℃.
4. The method for manufacturing the fertilizer special for the tobacco according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the material is abundant, and the temperature of the hearth and the temperature of the kiln head can float up 2-3 ℃ in rainy days.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100408524C (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-08-06 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A special slow-release fertilizer for tobacco and its production method |
| CN102010258A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-04-13 | 华南农业大学 | Controlled release formula fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102180751A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-09-14 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Special anti-disease controlled-release fertilizer for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN102432368A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-05-02 | 四川农业大学 | Compound fertilizer special for burley tobacco |
| CN102718584A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-10-10 | 华龙肥料技术有限公司 | Nano-carbon synergistic compound fertilizer specially used for tobacco and production method thereof |
| CN102910958A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-02-06 | 孙一钧 | Compound fertilizer specially used for tobacco and method for producing same |
| CN103130551A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-05 | 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司 | Special compound fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN103254006A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-21 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer and use method thereof |
| CN103601563A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-26 | 中国烟草总公司四川省公司 | Special compound fertilizer for Zimbabwe flue-cured tobacco KRK26 and fertilization method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100408524C (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-08-06 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A special slow-release fertilizer for tobacco and its production method |
| CN102010258A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-04-13 | 华南农业大学 | Controlled release formula fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102010258B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-12-04 | 华南农业大学 | Controlled release formula fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102180751B (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-04-25 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Disease-prevention type special controlled-release fertilizer for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco and preparation and application thereof |
| CN102180751A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-09-14 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Special anti-disease controlled-release fertilizer for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN102432368A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-05-02 | 四川农业大学 | Compound fertilizer special for burley tobacco |
| CN102718584A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-10-10 | 华龙肥料技术有限公司 | Nano-carbon synergistic compound fertilizer specially used for tobacco and production method thereof |
| CN102910958A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-02-06 | 孙一钧 | Compound fertilizer specially used for tobacco and method for producing same |
| CN103130551A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-05 | 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司 | Special compound fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN103130551B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-04-22 | 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司 | Special compound fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN103254006A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-21 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer and use method thereof |
| CN103254006B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer and use method thereof |
| CN103601563A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-26 | 中国烟草总公司四川省公司 | Special compound fertilizer for Zimbabwe flue-cured tobacco KRK26 and fertilization method thereof |
| CN103601563B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-06-15 | 中国烟草总公司四川省公司 | The compound fertilizer special of Zimbabwe flue-cured tobacco KRK26 and fertilizing method thereof |
| CN110183264A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-30 | 四川省烟草公司凉山州公司 | A kind of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method thereof and method of administration |
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