CN1348645A - 用于在网络中发送/接收比特流的设备及其方法 - Google Patents

用于在网络中发送/接收比特流的设备及其方法 Download PDF

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CN1348645A
CN1348645A CN00806631A CN00806631A CN1348645A CN 1348645 A CN1348645 A CN 1348645A CN 00806631 A CN00806631 A CN 00806631A CN 00806631 A CN00806631 A CN 00806631A CN 1348645 A CN1348645 A CN 1348645A
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CN1171411C (zh
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朴正煇
李英烈
朴东植
裵大奎
金仁焕
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

提供了一种收发比特流的设备和方法,通过该设备和方法,当通信在视频比特流发送期间是由两个逻辑信道在通信网络中建立的时,视频比特流通过有效地利用两个逻辑信道进行稳定地发送。在此方法中,源利用预定的编码类型编码成比特流,然后,编码的比特流被发送到每个通信协议层,同时每个通信协议层的标头被添加到有效负载中。标头是独立于比特流发送的。

Description

用于在网络中发送/接收比特流的设备及其方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在网络中发送/接收比特流(bitstream)的设备及其方法，更具体地说，涉及一种用于发送/接收比特流的设备及其方法，通过该设备，视频比特流在包括无线网络和因特网在内的网络中稳定地传输。
背景技术
在诸如因特网的分组网络中，一般当设定信道以实现两点之间的通信时会有两个逻辑端口。也就是说，通过因特网由请求注解(RFC)协议进行分组的实时协议(RTP)分组，通过实时协议/用户数据报协议/因特网协议(RTP/UDP/IP)或者实时协议/传输控制协议/因特网协议(RTP/TCP/IP)的分层结构进行传输。
RTP/TCP/IP以应答(acknowledge)模式工作并能够稳定地发送数据，从而它经常发送控制信息。RTP/UDP/IP以非应答(unacknowledged)模式工作，并且发送通常必须进行实时处理的视频数据。
参照图1，在发送终端中，视频比特流依次经过应用层(视频源编解码器)、RTP层、UDP/IP和TCP/IP层、无线电链接层(radio link layer)(RLP)、层2(L2)和层1(L1)。在每一层中，标头(header)信息被加入到视频比特流中，并且具有标头信息的视频比特流被发送到网络中。这里，TCP发送控制信息，而UDP发送RTP分组。在接收终端中，视频比特流经过UDP/IP和TCP/IP层、RTP层和应用层(视频源编解码器)，并被解码成视频数据。
图2是说明服务器和客户机之间收发数据的典型的通信方法的实施例的图。首先，服务器200读取由视频源编解码器产生的视频比特流，以在产生RTP分组之前将读取的视频比特流划分成重要性高(high significant)的比特流210和重要性低(low significant)的比特流220。接着，服务器200通过RTP/TCP/IP将重要性高的比特流210发送到客户机230，如箭头①所示，并且接收表示已经无误地完成了重要性高的比特流210的发送的应答，如箭头②所示。然后，无论是否有误，服务器200通过RTP/UDP/IP将重要性低的比特流220发送到客户机230，如箭头③所示。客户机230将重要性高的比特流210和重要性低的比特流220重建成原始的视频比特流的结构(syntax)。
如上所述，在常规的因特网环境下，由诸如MPEG-4或H.263的视频源编码产生的比特流被发送到UDP/IP层。UDP/IP层不能判断出已经完成了所有发送的数据的接收，因为它是以非应答模式工作的。如果在因特网与无线网络进行通信的通信环境下发送比特流分组，则分组数据在无线环境下可能具有比特差错。也就是说，比特流分组在经过因特网环境和无线环境时，在因特网上可能会有损失，并且即使已经无误地发送了比特流分组，可能还会产生比特差错。这里，比特流分组包括分组标头和有效负载(payload)标头。如果比特差错包含在这些标头中，则接收终端无法进行适当的解码。
当实时发送视频比特流时，发送终端根据重要性(significance)区分视频比特流，并首先发送重要部分，然后发送次重要部分。此时，接收终端必须延迟数据直至开始接收到重要部分，以至于数据的实时处理是困难的。即，如果在因特网和无线网络中连续地发送重要部分，则网络必须是持续稳定的。而且，如果在视频源编码期间根据重要性来区分比特流，则该比特流也无法重建成符合现有RFC协议的比特流分组。另外，服务器200和客户机230必须一直根据发送和接收比特流的重要性来执行区分比特流的预处理，以及将接收的高和低重要性的比特流重建成原始比特流的后处理(post-process)。还有，在进行分组之前根据重要性区分比特流的处理仅能够在已经知道视频比特流的结构的视频编解码器级执行。
因此，如上所述，在与无线环境结合的因特网中的数据通信造成了分组损失和比特差错，从而使图像的质量下降。
发明的详细公开
本发明的目的在于提供一种发送数据的方法，通过该方法，当通信在视频比特流发送期间是由两个逻辑信道建立的时，视频比特流通过有效地利用两个逻辑信道进行稳定地发送。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种收发数据的设备，通过该设备，当通信在视频比特流发送期间是由两个逻辑信道建立的时，视频比特流通过有效地利用两个逻辑信道进行稳定地收发。
为了实现第一个目的，提供了一种在通信网络中发送比特流的方法，根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括：(a)利用预定的编码类型将源编码成比特流；(b)在将步骤(a)中编码的比特流发送到每个通信协议层时，将每个通信协议层的标头添加到有效负载中；和(c)独立于从步骤(b)接收的比特流发送标头。
为了实现第一个目的，提供了一种在通信网络中发送比特流的方法，根据本发明另一个实施例，该方法包括：(a)利用预定的编码类型将源编码成比特流；和(b)在将步骤(a)中编码的比特流发送到每个通信协议层时，将每个通信协议层的标头添加到有效负载中，并分别发送有效负载和标头。
为了实现第二个目的，提供了一种在通信网络中发送比特流的设备，根据本发明的一个实施例，该设备包括：编码器，用于利用预定的编码类型将源数据编码成比特流；协议处理单元，用于在将由编码器编码的比特流发送到每个通信协议层时将每个通信协议层的标头添加到有效负载中；和分组处理单元，用于以非应答模式发送由协议处理单元处理的比特流，并以应答模式协议发送标头信息。
为了实现第二个目的，提供了一种在通信网络中发送比特流的设备，根据本发明的另一个实施例，该设备包括：提取器，用于当将在通信网络中的各个传输协议中接收的比特流发送到每个层时分别提取对应于每个层的标头的有效负载和标头信息；差错判断处理单元，用于判断由提取器提取的标头信息是否有差错，并且如果判断出标头信息有差错，则请求重新发送；比特流重新组织单元，用于如果判断出标头信息没有差错，则利用由提取器提取的标头信息重新组织比特流；和解码器，用于解码由比特流重新组织单元重新组织的比特流。
附图的简单说明
图1是说明在H.323环境下发送视频比特流的方法的图；
图2是说明通信网络中在服务器和客户机之间收发文件的方法的图；
图3是根据本发明的视频流发送设备的框图；
图4是根据本发明的用于中继和接收视频流的设备的框图；和
图5是说明在无线网络与因特网进行通信的情况下发送视频比特流的方法的图。
实施发明的最佳形式
广泛用作视频编码方法的MPEG-4或H.263包括各种类型的标准化的标头。在经过因特网或无线协议的每个层时以实时协议(RTP)发送数据的情况下，使用传输格式。因此，当使用此视频编码方法时，每个层的标头在每层中被添加到有效负载标头中。所以，只有当每个层的标头和有效负载标头没有比特差错时，接收终端才能够执行适当的解码。
参照图3，视频编解码器单元310利用诸如H.323的应用程序将数据编成比特流。协议处理单元320将由视频编解码器310编码的比特流传送到通信协议的每个层，并且同时将每个协议的标头添加到有效负载中。分组处理单元330对由协议处理单元320处理的比特流进行分组，并以作为非应答模式传输协议的用户数据报协议(UDP)发送比特流分组，而仅以作为应答传输模式协议的传输控制协议(TCP)发送标头信息。在另一个实施例中，分组处理单元330以非应答模式传输协议发送由协议处理单元320处理的比特流中的有效负载，而仅以应答模式传输协议发送添加的标头信息。
图4是根据本发明的用于中继和接收视频流的设备的框图。参照图4，分组提取器410在分别从比特流分组中提取有效负载和每个层的标头时，将以非应答和应答模式传输协议接收的比特流分组传送到每个层。差错判断处理单元412判断在由分组提取器410提取的标头信息中是否存在差错。如果判断出在标头信息中存在差错，则差错判断处理单元412请求重新发送。在另一方面，如果判断出在标头中没有差错，则比特流重新组织单元420利用由分组提取器410提取的每个层的标头重新组织比特流。视频编解码器单元430解码由比特流重新组织单元420重新组织的比特流。
图5是说明在无线网络与因特网相互连结的情况下发送视频比特流的方法的图。参照图5，参考号510代表在发送侧的包括几个层的无线终端，参考号560代表包括几个层的基站，参考号570代表包括几个层的交互工作功能(inter working function)(IWF)，以及参考号580代表在包括几个层的接收侧的因特网终端。
首先，无线终端510在顶部包括对应于应用层的视频源编解码器层512，并且依次包括RTP层514、TCP/IP层516、无线电链接层协议(RLP)层522、MAC层524、层1(L1)526。这里，除了视频源编解码器之外，多媒体编解码器也能够用作应用层。视频流在经过每个层时形成由标头和有效负载组成的分组。
如(a)所示，视频源编解码器层512利用诸如MPEG-4或H.263的视频源编码方法，将视频源编码成视频比特流，以形成有效负载标头532和视频有效负载534。有效负载标头532和视频有效负载534能够由多媒体数据替换。然后，RTP层514通过添加填充有视频数据的视频有效负载545、有效负载标头544和RTP标头543来形成分组，并且UDP/IP或TCP/IP层516将IP标头541以及UDP或TCP标头542添加到形成的分组中，如(b)所示。RTP层522和L2层524将L2标头551和RLP标头552添加到分组(b)中，如(c)所示。
接着，添加有每个层的标头的视频比特流，通过UDP或者TCP被发送到包括相同层的基站560。包含有标头的视频比特流(c)能够划分成通过UDP发送的部分和通过TCP发送的部分，其中UDP是UNACK传输协议，TCP是ACK传输协议。如上所述，无线终端510能够利用下面的方法发送视频比特流。
在第一方法的第一实施例中，添加有标头信息的视频比特流在UDP下发送，而标头信息单独在TCP下发送。当比特流仅在UDP下发送时，如果包含在比特流中的标头信息受到损坏，对接收侧而言则很难处理比特流。因此，为了防止分组的损失，无线终端510单独地对每个层的标头，即在视频比特流经过每个层之后添加到视频比特流中的L2标头551、RLP标头552、IP标头553、UDP或TCP标头554、RTP标头555以及有效负载标头556，进行分组。在同时或者当请求重新发送时，无线终端510在TCP下稳定地发送分组过的标头。这里，在请求重新发送时在TCP下的发送是以IP分组或RLP为单位执行的。
在第二实施例中，为了解决在实时环境中可能出现的延迟，添加有标头信息的视频比特流在UDP下发送，而标头信息被单独进行分组，并在同时或者在请求重新发送时在UDP下发送。
在根据实施例的第二方法中，视频比特流被分成有效负载部分和标头部分，并且单独地对这些部分进行分组。有效负载在UDP下发送，而同时标头部分单独在TCP下发送。在另一个实施例中，有效负载部分在UDP下发送，而同时标头部分单独在UDP下发送。在又一实施例中，为了减少发送时间，除了由TCP层去除了比特差错的部分之外，比特流分组能够被发送到UDP层。
在第三实施例中，当通过TCP层发送的比特流经过少量次数的重新发送时，发送的信道被确定为稳定到某种程度。因此，少量通过UDP发送的比特流能够通过TCP发送。
为了使从无线终端510接收的比特流通过，基站560将无线协议的层，即RLP层、L2和L1中继到因特网的层，即UDP层、IP层和L1(或ATM)。此时，当请求重新发送时，在TCP下发送的数据以IP分组或RLP为单位重新发送。
为了与因特网终端580对接，IWF570将经过基站560的层，即UDP、IP和L1的比特流中继到UDP或TCP、IP和L1。
作为最终接收侧的因特网终端580解码通过L1 576、IP层572、UDP或TCP层566、RTP层564和视频编解码器层562从IWF570接收的比特流。当通过UDP接收的分组具有比特差错时，参照有效负载和单独接收的标头信息，因特网终端580利用视频编码的差错复原(resilient)工具，能够正确地解码可能具有比特差错的视频比特流。
本发明不局限于上述的实施例，而且很显然，在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下，本技术领域的熟练人员可以对本具体实施例进行修改。也就是说，本发明能够应用在比特流是实时双向通信的或者是在诸如因特网的分组网络中的单向系统中通过的情况下。本发明还能够应用于除视频源编解码器之外的音频源编解码器，或者具有与音频源编解码器相同功能的源编解码器具有与有效负载或符合差错复原工具的功能相关的差错复原工具的情况，也就是说，适用于MPEG-4音频移动通讯的自适应多速率(AMR)、用于UMTS的AMR、话音编解码器以及类似的情况。
另外，本发明的上述实施例能够写成在计算机中执行的程序，并能够在运行来自计算机使用的介质的程序的通用数字计算机中实现。该介质包括磁存储介质(例如，ROM、软盘、硬盘及类似介质)、光学读取介质(例如，CD-ROM、DVD及类似介质)和诸如载波的存储介质(例如，通过因特网传输)。产业上的可利用性
根据上述的本发明，当无线网络与因特网相互连接时，标头信息或类似信息是独立于有效负载稳定地发送的，从而该信息能够校正和检查已经通过每个层的分组的比特差错。另外，与现有的根据重要性发送数据的方法相比，应用了本发明的分组能够按视频结构处理。而且，在利用UDP来实现通信的应用环境下，包含比特差错的比特流能够利用差错复原工具由单独接收的标头信息来适当地解码。

Claims (15)

1.一种在通信网络中发送比特流的方法，该方法包括：
(a)用预定的编码类型将源编码成比特流；
(b)在将步骤(a)中编码的比特流发送到每个通信协议层时，将每个通信协议层的标头添加到有效负载中；和
(c)独立于从步骤(b)接收的比特流发送标头。
2.一种在通信网络中发送比特流的方法，该方法包括：
(a)利用预定的编码类型将源编码成比特流；和
(b)在将步骤(a)中编码的比特流发送到每个通信协议层时，将每个通信协议层的标头添加到有效负载中，并分别发送有效负载和标头。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，已经通过经过每个通信协议层添加了标头的比特流是以非应答模式协议发送的，而仅有比特流中的标头信息是以应答或非应答模式协议单独发送的。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中在已经经过每个通信协议层的比特流中的有效负载是以非应答模式协议发送的，而添加的标头是以应答模式协议单独发送的。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的方法，其中，当以应答模式协议发送的比特流的发送的次数等于或小于预定次数时，已经以非应答模式协议发送的比特流以应答模式协议发送。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，已经通过经过每个通信协议层添加了标头的比特流是以非应答模式协议发送的，而同时比特流中的标头信息是以应答模式协议发送的。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中在已经经过每个通信协议层的比特流中的有效负载是以非应答模式协议发送的，而同时比特流中的标头信息是以应答模式协议发送的。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，已经通过经过每个通信协议层添加了标头的比特流是以非应答模式协议发送的，而同时比特流中的标头信息还是以非应答模式协议发送的。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，已经通过经过每个通信协议层添加了标头的比特流是以非应答模式协议发送的，并且，当出现发送故障时，比特流是以应答或非应答模式协议重新发送的。
10.如权利要求3至7中任一项所述的方法，其中应答模式协议是传输控制协议(TCP)，而非应答模式协议是用户数据报协议(UDP)。
11.如权利要求3至9中任一项所述的方法，其中应答模式协议重新发送各个因特网协议(IP)分组或者各个无线电链接层协议(RLP)的数据。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中标头是在比特流经过每个层之后添加的有效负载标头、实时协议(RTP)标头、用户数据报协议(UDP)或传输控制协议(TCP)标头、因特网协议(IP)标头、无线电链接层协议(RLP)标头和层2(L2)标头。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中有效负载包括多媒体数据。
14.一种在通信网络中发送比特流的设备，该设备包括：
编码器，用于利用预定的编码类型将源数据编码成比特流；
协议处理单元，用于在将由编码器编码的比特流发送到每个通信协议层时将每个通信协议层的标头添加到有效负载中；和
分组处理单元，用于以非应答模式发送由协议处理单元处理的比特流，并以非应答或应答模式协议发送标头信息。
15.一种在通信网络中中继和接收比特流的设备，该设备包括：
提取器，用于当将在通信网络中的各个传输协议中接收的比特流发送到每个层时，分别提取对应于每个层的标头的有效负载和标头信息；
差错判断处理单元，用于判断由提取器提取的标头信息是否有差错，并且如果判断出标头信息有差错，则请求重新发送；
比特流重新组织单元，用于利用由提取器提取的标头信息重新组织比特流；和
解码器，用于解码由比特流重新组织单元重新组织的比特流。
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