CN1337754A - Fuel cell electricity-generating system containing residual gas self-circulating device - Google Patents

Fuel cell electricity-generating system containing residual gas self-circulating device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1337754A
CN1337754A CN00122510A CN00122510A CN1337754A CN 1337754 A CN1337754 A CN 1337754A CN 00122510 A CN00122510 A CN 00122510A CN 00122510 A CN00122510 A CN 00122510A CN 1337754 A CN1337754 A CN 1337754A
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air
gas
residual
fuel cell
circulating device
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CN00122510A
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CN1159790C (en
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杨庆苏
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SHIJI FUYUAN FUEL CELL CO Ltd BEIJING
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SHIJI FUYUAN FUEL CELL CO Ltd BEIJING
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Priority to CNB001225103A priority Critical patent/CN1159790C/en
Publication of CN1337754A publication Critical patent/CN1337754A/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The fuel-cell power generation system includes at least a fuel-cell stack and a set of fuel gas and oxidant gas supply and discharge system. In the process of power generation the waste gas which is not entered into reaction is passed though a self-sucking circulation equipment with simple structure, it does not consume additional energy, and back-feeds into high-pressure gas supply pipeline to obtain circulation use from low-pressure gas discharge pipeline. Said power generation system raises utilization rate of fuel and reduces cost, so that it is an energy-saving high-efficiency fuel-cell generation system.

Description

A kind of fuel cell generation that contains residual gas self-circulating device
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell generation.Or rather, relate to a kind of fuel cell generation that contains residual gas self-circulating device.
Fuel cell is the electrochemical generating unit that a kind of chemical energy with fuel is directly changed into electric energy.Fuel cell, especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, except pollution-free when generating electricity, noise hang down, also have no burn into and start fast, many advantages such as preparation is easy, easy to maintenance, power density is big, generating efficiency is high, long service life, therefore wide application prospect is arranged in every field such as space flight, aviation, military affairs, submarine, the vehicles, generating equipments.
During fuel cell power generation, need the fuel gas of certain pressure and flow and oxidant gas to carry out electrochemical reaction.For the necessary condition that guarantees that fuel cell power generation is required, when practical application, fuel cell pack and some auxiliary equipment need be formed fuel cell generation jointly, auxiliary equipment mainly comprises fuel system, oxidant supply system, pile cooling system, gas humidification system, control system, residual air circulating device etc.The present invention be exactly a kind of can be with the fuel cell generation of fuel residual air Automatic Cycle.
Generally, during fuel cell generation work, reformer hydrogens such as the hydrogen that acts as a fuel, methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline, diesel oil with as the oxygen (or air) of oxidant, enter fuel cell pack by supply air line respectively, electrochemical reaction takes place in fuel cell pack, and produce electric energy, intact fuel, the oxidant residual air of some unreacteds is then discharged pile by gas exhaust piping, after gas-water separation, residual air enters ambient atmosphere (emptying).Obviously, this part residual air energy has wasted, and the electricity generation system of this mode under lab often is used.
Yet, when practical application, consider from safety and operating cost, generally will be the residual air recycling.The common practice is that a booster pump is installed on the pipeline of residual air emptying, by booster pump residual air pressure is brought up to pressure in the supply air line, and residual air is recycled.The characteristics of this residual air circulatory system have been to use booster pump, and this has increased the extra energy resource consumption (power of booster pump) of electricity generation system undoubtedly, from being non-remunerative economically.
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of extra energy consumption that do not increase, just residual air can be turned back to the device that is used the high-pressure air feed pipeline from the low pressure exhaust pipeline automatically, to reach energy-conservation, purpose of safety, also improved the efficient of fuel cell generation simultaneously.
The invention provides a kind of fuel cell generation that contains residual gas self-circulating device for reaching above purpose, it comprises at least one fuel cell pack, a fuel gas air supply system, an oxidant supply gas system, a fuel gas gas extraction system, an oxidant gas extraction system, between air feed and gas extraction system, has a residual gas self-circulating device at least, it is characterized in that one section channel cross-sectional area of air supply channel in the residual gas self-circulating device is set to the channel cross-sectional area less than the air supply system supply air line, obtain the air pressure P3 in described section of air supply channel in the air pressure P2＞residual air circulating device in the air pressure P1＞gas exhaust piping in the supply air line, form suction effect, thereby can not consume additional energy source, and automatic " sucking back " supply air line of the residual air of fuel cell pack discharge is recycling.
Fig. 1 is the fuel cell generation schematic diagram that contains residual gas self-circulating device.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of residual gas self-circulating device.
General introduction illustrates the course of work of the present invention below.
Among Fig. 1, from high-pressure bottle 2,7 hydrogen and oxygen, by pressure-reducing valve 3,8 and humidification machine 5,10, with operating pressure from supply air line 6,11 enter fuel cell pack 1, fuel and oxidant are under catalyst action, electrochemical reaction takes place to be sent electricity and generates water, electric energy is applied at the variable load 12 of external circuit, generate water then with residual air through gas exhaust piping 13,22 discharge fuel cell pack 1, residual air (mainly referring to hydrogen) enters in the residual gas self-circulating device 17 through blast pipe, moisture in the residual air is separated and discharge automatically by discharge outlet 20, and residual air is then recycled by self-circulating device 17 " suction " supply air line 4.In order to guarantee that pile 1 has best working temperature, also is provided with radiator 26, water tank 27 and circulating water pump 28 in electricity generation system.
Introduce principle of the present invention and embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2:
Residual gas self-circulating device 17 among the present invention has three functions: the one, with automatic " sucking back " supply air line of unreacted residual air; The 2nd, with the generation water in the residual air, condensed moisture from and discharge automatically; The 3rd, control pile 1 discharges the flow of residual air.
1) residual air self-loopa:
Container 2 is the High Pressure Hydrogen source of the gas, and air pressure can reach 15～20MPa, behind pressure-reducing valve 3, enters supply air line 4, and the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure in the supply air line 4 is fuel cell pack 1 a desired operating pressure, is generally 0.1～0.5 MPa.Fuel gas (hydrogen) is in fuel cell pack and from after the oxygen generation electrochemical reaction in the steam line 11, the overwhelming majority is consumed, remaining unreacted fuel tolerance seldom, its air pressure has been lower than the pressure (mainly due to friction loss) in the supply air line 4 when discharging fuel cell pack 1.If hypothesis supply air line 4 internal gas pressures are P1, the residual air in pile 1 gas exhaust piping 13 is pressed and is P2, then P1＞P2.That is to say that at this moment the low pressure residual air in the gas exhaust piping 13 can not directly turn back in the supply air line 4 of relatively high pressure and go.
Behind the key equipment-residual gas self-circulating device 17 that increases between gas exhaust piping 13 and supply air line 4 among a present invention, variation has just taken place in situation.Residual air enters residual gas self-circulating device 17 through blast pipe 13 and unidirectional valve 15 by residual air air inlet 16.Residual gas self-circulating device 17 is cavitys that there are 4 mouth of pipe UNICOMs in and the external world, fuel gas air inlet 18, fuel gas gas outlet 19, residual air air inlet 16 and discharge outlet 20.The fuel gas air inlet 18 and the fuel gas gas outlet 19 of device 17 are connected on the supply air line 4, so, from the fuel gas of fuel gas source 2 supply piles 1, all will be by the passage 17 on the device 17 2The latus rectum of fuel gas air inlet 18 and fuel gas gas outlet 19 is identical with supply air line 4, and passage 17 2Latus rectum is but very thin, and like this, the fuel gas that flows in the supply air line 4 is flowing through passage 17 2The time, flow velocity will increase.According to hydromechanical basic principle, passage 17 2Interior air pressure (pressure) will be lower than the air pressure in the supply air line 4.Suppose passage 17 2Interior air pressure is P 3, P then 1＞P 3As long as the passage 17 that design is enough thin 2, just can make passage 17 2Interior air pressure P 3, be lower than the residual air pressure P in the gas exhaust piping 2, i.e. P 1＞P 2＞P 3Because gas exhaust piping 13 and the residual air air inlet 16, the pipeline 17 that install on 17 1, 17 5All be communicated with, air pressure all is P 2, like this, pipeline 17 5Interior air pressure just is higher than passage 17 2Interior air pressure, pipeline 17 5Interior gas (fuel residual air) will " be pressed into " passage 17 automatically 2In, enter fuel cell pack 1 once more with the fuel gas in the supply air line 4.This has just finished residual air self-loopa process.
2) gas-water separation and discharge automatically:
Electricity generation system of the present invention from the residual air that fuel cell pack 1 is discharged, is also taken the generation water in the electrochemical reaction out of at work, and residual air self also contains certain moisture, and has uniform temperature (about 80 ℃).After residual air enters residual gas self-circulating device 17, generate water and because temperature descends, the condensed water in the residual air all flows into residual gas self-circulating device 17 cavitys.A float 17 is arranged in residual gas self-circulating device 17 chambeies 7, generation water in residual air and condensed water are through aperture 17 6When falling into lower chamber and gathering certain water level, since buoyancy, float 17 7To float needle-valve 17 8Open, the water that gathers in residual gas self-circulating device 17 chambeies is just discharged by discharge outlet 20.This has just finished gas-water separation and automatic discharge process.In order to prevent that extraneous air from entering in residual gas self-circulating device 17 chambeies, has unidirectional valve 21 on discharge pipe line.
3) residual air flow control: fuel cell pack 1 for pressure, reaction time and the concentration requirement that keeps fuel gas in the pile, oxidant gas, needs the emission flow of control residual air when work.Generally, the residual air flow control valve is located between the residual air air inlet 16 of residual air pipeline 13 and residual gas self-circulating device 17, the residual air flow control valve is contained on the residual gas self-circulating device 17, has reduced the difficulty that device context connects, reduced the work preparation routine.Adjust handle 17 3, make shank 17 4With passage 17 5Space change, can adjust the flow that pile is discharged residual air, just adjust the flow that flows into the residual air of air supply system in the residual gas self-circulating device 17.
In containing the fuel cell generation of residual gas self-circulating device,, " suction effect " make fuel gas obtain to greatest extent utilizing owing to having realized not consuming additional energy source.But in uninterrupted power generation process for a long time, the fuel gas of circulation is because cumulative function, and gas purity is descended, and then generating efficiency is descended.An atmospheric valve 14 is housed on residual air gas exhaust piping 13 in the electricity generation system of the present invention for this reason, can be regularly or not timing ground gas emptying a period of time of gas exhaust piping, with the purity of recyclegas in the holding tube.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention has more than been described, wherein automatic discharge section of gas-water separation and residual air volume control device also can separate with residual gas self-circulating device, are arranged between the residual air air inlet (16) of the residual air discharge pipe (13) of fuel cell pack (1) and residual gas self-circulating device (17).This residual gas self-circulating device can be used for fuel gas, also can be used for oxidant gas.
The above embodiments only are explanatory, exemplary, but not determinate.Under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention, the one skilled in the art can modify.Have various deformation and modification within the scope of the present invention.So protection range be can't help foregoing description and limited, and only be subjected to the restriction of claims, the scope of claims has been summarized whole equivalents of theme required for protection.

Claims (5)

1. fuel cell generation that contains residual gas self-circulating device, it comprises at least one fuel cell pack (1), a fuel gas air supply system, an oxidant gas air supply system, a fuel gas gas extraction system, an oxidant gas gas extraction system, between air feed and gas extraction system, has a residual gas self-circulating device (17) at least, it is characterized in that one section channel cross-sectional area of air supply channel in the residual gas self-circulating device is set to the channel cross-sectional area less than the air supply system supply air line, obtain the air pressure P3 in described section of air supply channel in the air pressure P2＞residual air circulating device in the air pressure P1＞gas exhaust piping in the supply air line, form suction effect, thereby can not consume additional energy source, and automatic " sucking back " supply air line of the residual air of fuel cell pack (1) discharge is recycling.
2. fuel cell generation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that residual gas self-circulating device comprises the automatic water discharging part of gas-water separation.
3. fuel cell generation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the automatic water discharging part of gas-water separation is connected between the residual air air inlet (16) of the residual air discharge pipe (13) of fuel cell pack (1) and residual gas self-circulating device (17).
4. fuel cell generation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that residual gas self-circulating device comprises the residual air volume control device.
5. fuel cell generation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the residual air volume control device is connected between the residual air air inlet (16) of the residual air discharge pipe (13) of fuel cell pack (1) and residual gas self-circulating device (17).
CNB001225103A 2000-08-03 2000-08-03 Fuel cell electricity-generating system containing residual gas self-circulating device Expired - Fee Related CN1159790C (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1330031C (en) * 2003-03-25 2007-08-01 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 Pressure loss prevention structure of fuel cell
CN100461514C (en) * 2005-12-31 2009-02-11 山东理工大学 Direct dimethyl ether fuel cell system
CN100466354C (en) * 2007-03-06 2009-03-04 大连轻工业学院 Air supply circumfluence pump delivery device
CN101405904B (en) * 2006-03-16 2011-06-08 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN103390760A (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-13 铃木株式会社 Air supply and exhaust structure for fuel cell
CN105591129A (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-18 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN106229528A (en) * 2016-09-30 2016-12-14 江苏科技大学 A kind of fuel cell tail gas recycle device
CN111900446A (en) * 2020-06-23 2020-11-06 摩氢科技有限公司 Liquid discharge and exhaust device of fuel cell and control method thereof

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1330031C (en) * 2003-03-25 2007-08-01 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 Pressure loss prevention structure of fuel cell
CN100461514C (en) * 2005-12-31 2009-02-11 山东理工大学 Direct dimethyl ether fuel cell system
CN101405904B (en) * 2006-03-16 2011-06-08 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN100466354C (en) * 2007-03-06 2009-03-04 大连轻工业学院 Air supply circumfluence pump delivery device
CN103390760A (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-13 铃木株式会社 Air supply and exhaust structure for fuel cell
CN103390760B (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-07-22 铃木株式会社 Air supply and exhaust structure for fuel cell
CN105591129A (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-18 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN106229528A (en) * 2016-09-30 2016-12-14 江苏科技大学 A kind of fuel cell tail gas recycle device
CN106229528B (en) * 2016-09-30 2019-01-08 江苏科技大学 A kind of fuel cell tail gas recycle device
CN111900446A (en) * 2020-06-23 2020-11-06 摩氢科技有限公司 Liquid discharge and exhaust device of fuel cell and control method thereof

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