CN1336818A - 含抗坏血酸化合物的亮肤组合物 - Google Patents
含抗坏血酸化合物的亮肤组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1336818A CN1336818A CN98814309A CN98814309A CN1336818A CN 1336818 A CN1336818 A CN 1336818A CN 98814309 A CN98814309 A CN 98814309A CN 98814309 A CN98814309 A CN 98814309A CN 1336818 A CN1336818 A CN 1336818A
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- ascorbic acid
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Abstract
公开了一种组合物,它包括:(a)抗坏血酸化合物;(b)带电的反射性颗粒材料,其优选的一个实施方案为涂覆的二氧化钛;(c)结构化化合物,其优选的实施方案为表面活性剂和脂肪醇的组合;以及化妆上可接受的载体。这种组合物的优选用途为皮肤增白组合物。本发明中,抗坏血酸化合物是指具有通式(II)的抗坏血酸或其衍生物,其中R2和R3分别选自氢和具有1-约8个碳的直链或支链烷基;M1为金属;X为1-约3的整数。更优选地,R2和R3分别选自氢和具有1-约3个碳的直链或支链烷基;M1为钠、钾、镁或钙。
Description
领域
本发明涉及一种局部组合物。本发明尤其涉及一种局部亮肤组合物。
背景
消费者经常使用化妆品护理他们的皮肤以改善他们的皮肤的健康和/或物理外观。粗糙和/或破损的皮肤及色素沉着过度如与人体皮肤受到日光曝晒、皮肤老化或环境损害有关的老年斑、黑斑和棕斑是某些地区的消费者通常寻求解决的问题。在某些亚洲人群中亮肤尤其令人感兴趣。
紫外线(UV)辐射往往会引起日光灼伤,导致皮肤变黑和/或色素沉着过度。一般认为,生成缺损性或漏失酪氨酸酶(一种与黑色素形成有关的酶)的条件引起色素沉着过度如白化。日光曝晒引起的UV辐射促进了位于表皮基层內的黑素细胞中黑色素复合物的形成。这种色素沉着过度可以是基层皮肤的斑点、黑斑、红斑、不受欢迎的一般性变黑和/或不平坦的形式。
很多种化合物和/或组份例如抗坏血酸及其衍生物,曲酸及其衍生物,氢醌、熊果苷、以及多种提取物(如甘草)是公知的并且通常可用于亮肤。近年来,也出现了很多种类、很多系列的产品形式的适用于亮肤的高科技合成组份。
L-抗坏血酸(即维生素C)是可用作化妆品中的亮肤和/或均匀剂以及还原剂、UV-吸收剂和黑色素形成抑制剂的组份。但是,还公知L-抗坏血酸在制剂中往往不稳定,导致组合物出现(不希望的)淡黄色并最终会变成褐色,从而使产品贬值。
已经设计出某些组合以稳定含抗坏血酸的组合物。日本公开H1-213212(Imamura等人,1989年8月28日颁布)公开了含抗坏血酸衍生物和葡糖酸的稳定的化妆组合物。日本公开H1-305009(Yamada等人,1989年12月8日颁布)公开了一种含抗坏血酸衍生物和环糊精的稳定化妆组合物。日本公开H3-63208(Sato,1991年3月19日颁布)公开了含抗坏血酸和苯氧基乙醇的组合物。这些组合易于提供组合物可接受的稳定性,但是仍可观察到该产品外观变黄或变棕(特别是当储存时)。因此,希望稳定含抗坏血酸的组合物,特别是同时提高制剂中的抗坏血酸含量。
所以,需要具有高抗坏血酸化合物含量以及持续的令人愉悦的产品美感的稳定的亮肤组合物。任何现有技术没有提供本发明的所有优点和有益效果。
概述
本发明涉及一种组合物,它包括:
(a)抗坏血酸化合物;
(b)带电反射性颗粒材料;
(c)结构化(structuring)化合物;和
(d)化妆上可接受的载体。
通过下面的描述和附带的权利要求书可以更好地理解本发明的这些和其它特征、方面和优点。
详细描述
尽管说明书归结于具体地指出和明确地要求本发明保护的权利要求书,但是应当认为,通过下述说明可以更好地理解本发明。
除非另外指明,本发明所提及的组份的所有百分数、比例和含量都是基于组合物的实际总量。
除非另外指明,本发明所指的所有测定都是在25℃下进行的。
本发明所提到的所有公开物、专利申请和授权专利都全文引入作为参考。所有参考文献的引用并不是承认把任何决定及其可得性看作所要求保护的发明的现有技术。
本发明中,“包括”是指可以加入不影响最终结果的其它步骤和其它组份。该术语涵盖了术语“由……组成”和“基本上由……组成”。
本发明中,局部施用”是指将材料施用或散布到皮肤表面。
本发明中,“亮肤”是指与处理前相比,将皮肤的外观变得更亮、更艳和/或更白,并且改善色素沉着过度。
本发明中,“化妆上可接受的”是指所描述的组合物或其组份适用于与人体皮肤接触而没有过度的毒性、不相容性、不稳定性、变应性反应等等。
本发明中,“安全有效量”是指化合物或组合物的量足以显著地引起积极效果,优选积极的皮肤外观或肤感益处,独立地包括本发明所公开的益处,但是又足够低以避免严重的副作用,即在普通技术人员合理判断的范围內,提供合理的利/害比。
本发明中,“混合物”是指包括材料的简单组合以及可得自它们的组合的任何化合物的物质。
用于本发明的所有组份如活性成分和其它组份可以根据它们的化妆和/或治疗效果或它们的假定作用模式进行分类或描述。但是,应当理解,适用于本发明的活性成分和其它组份可以,在某些情况下,提供一种以上的化妆和/或治疗效果或通过一种以上的作用模式起作用。因此,本发明的分类是为了方便,并不是要将组份限制到具体指出的应用或所列出的应用中。
本发明涉及一种组合物,它包括抗坏血酸化合物、带电的反射性颗粒材料、结构化化合物和化妆上可接受的载体。
虽然不愿受到理论的束缚,但是据信,抗坏血酸化合物的高还原能力促进了细胞呼吸、酶的活化和抗氧化性。此外,据信,局部施用抗坏血酸化合物往往可还原氧化的黑色素复合物本身及其前体,并且抑制黑色体中酪氨酸酶的活性。因此,还可以认为含抗坏血酸化合物的组合物可以提供皮肤益处,如抑制黑色素形成和减少与皮肤色素沉着过度有关的老年斑、红斑和/或黑斑。
增加组合物中抗坏血酸的浓度通常能够改善该组合物的效能。例如,增大亮肤组合物中抗坏血酸的含量能够改善皮肤光艳程度。不幸的是,过去难以增大这些含量,这是因为具有这种增加的抗坏血酸含量的组合物往往不稳定,特别是物理性能不易控制,例如产品外观变成黄色或棕色。但是,我们已经发现,在组合物中包括结构化化合物可以维持抗坏血酸化合物及其组合物的起始物理性能,甚至当组合物含有相当高含量的抗坏血酸化合物时也是如此。这种稳定性的改善在含水组合物中尤其有效。
A.抗坏血酸化合物
本发明的组合物包括抗坏血酸化合物。抗坏血酸化合物根据其与其它组份的相容性来选择。所包括的抗坏血酸化合物可以是基本上纯的材料,例如,其可以是由天然原料(如植物)通过适当的物理和/或化学分离得到的提取物。
本发明的组合物,优选地含有约1.0%-约10.0%,更优选约2.0%-约5.0%的抗坏血酸化合物。
其中V和W独立地是-OH;R1是-CH(0H)-CH2OH;和其盐。
优选地,用于本发明的抗坏血酸化合物是抗坏血酸盐或其衍生物,例如本领域普通技术人员所熟知的无毒性碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,包括(但不限于)通过本领域公知的方法制备的钠、钾、锂、钙、镁、钡、铵和鱼精蛋白盐。
更优选地,用于本发明的抗坏血酸盐是具有如下通式(II)的抗坏血酸金属盐:(II)
其中R2和R3独立地选自氢和具有1-约8个碳的直链或支链烷基;M1为金属;x是1-约3的整数。更优选地,R2和R3独立地选自氢和具有1-约3个碳的直链或支链烷基;M1为钠、钾、镁或钙。
其它优选的具有通式(II)的抗坏血酸盐的例子包括抗坏血酸的一价金属盐(如抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸钾),二价金属盐(如抗坏血酸镁、抗坏血酸钙)和三价金属盐(如抗坏血酸铝)。
优选地,用于本发明的抗坏血酸盐为具有如下通式(III)的水溶性抗坏血酸酯:(III)
其中A是硫酸根或磷酸根;R4和R5独立地选自氢和具有1-约8个碳的直链或支链烷基;M2为金属;y是1-约3的整数。更优选地,R4和R5独立地选自氢和具有1-约3个碳的直链或支链烷基;M2为钠、钾、镁或钙。
示例性的水溶性盐衍生物包括(但不限于)磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯盐,例如磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯钠盐、磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯钾盐、磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯镁盐、磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯钙盐、磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯铝盐。也可以使用硫酸L-抗坏血酸酯盐。例如硫酸L-抗坏血酸酯钠盐、硫酸L-抗坏血酸酯钾盐、硫酸L-抗坏血酸酯镁盐、硫酸L-抗坏血酸酯钙盐和硫酸L-抗坏血酸酯铝盐。
B.带电的反射性颗粒材料
本发明的组合物实质上还包括以组合物重量计的约0.01%-约5.0%,优选约0.1%-约5.0%,更优选约0.5%-约2.0%的带电的反射性颗粒材料(带电材料”)。
该带电材料,优选地包括反射性颗粒材料,例如涂有涂层材料的二氧化钛,该涂层材料提供高于未涂覆金属氧化物的ζ电势的净电荷。这种带电材料可以分散于整个载体中。
尽管不愿受理论束缚,但是据信,反射性颗粒材料例如二氧化钛,通常具有相当高的表面活性,从而造成制剂的不稳定性。另外,这些反射性颗粒材料有集聚如簇拥在一起的趋势,从而使反射性颗粒材料发生沉淀。这些问题可以通过用涂层材料涂布反射性颗粒材料(金属氧化物)来解决,所述涂层材料使颗粒材料带有高于未涂覆反射性颗粒材料的ζ电势的净电荷。通常,涂层材料在约4-约8.5的pH值下给予高于约±20mV(即,在正方向或负方向)的ζ电势。此外,这种涂层材料还为反射性颗粒材料提供了位阻,从而抑制了这种带电材料的集聚。这提供了制剂稳定性并且防止了反射性颗粒材料(金属氧化物)的集聚。颗粒和它们的电荷是本领域普通技术人员公知的,并且详细地描述于R.J.Hunter的《胶体科学中的ζ电势:原理和应用》(1981)(学术出版社(Academic Press)出版);J.N.Israelachvili的《分子间力和表面力:在胶体和生物体系中的应用》《Intermolecularand Surface Forces:With Applications to Colloidal andBiological Systems)(1985,学术出版社出版);和Hoogeven,N.G.等人的《胶体和表面,物理化学和工程部分》(第117卷,第77页,(1966))。所有这些公开物均全文引入本发明作为参考。
优选地,带电材料都具有净阳离子电荷或净阴离子电荷。据信,这是因为所有颗粒具有同样的电荷,排斥力抑制了集聚,并造成在整个亲水相中的均匀分布。结果,(i)组合物中较低浓度的反射性颗粒材料给出最大可见光反射,(ii)未造成美感上的负面影响如粉质和沙砾感,和(iii)增加了制剂稳定性。所以,使用较低含量的带电材料提供了有效遮盖。
本发明组合物中有用的带电材料通常具有至少约2,更优选至少约2.5,例如约2-约3的折光指数。折光指数可通过常规方法测定。例如,-种可应用于本发明的测定折光指数的方法描述于J.A.Dean编著的《兰格(Lange)化学手册》(第14版,McGraw Hill,纽约,1992,第9节,折射法,全文引入作为参考)。
优选的带电材料是那些具有约100nm-约300nm,更优选约100-约250nm初级粒径的净形式(即在与任何载体结合前是基本上纯的粉末形式)的材料。优选的带电材料当分散于组合物中时具有约100nm-约1000nm,更优选约100nm-约400nm,进一步优选约200nm-约300nm的初级粒径。初级粒径可以用ASTM规定E20-85“用光学显微镜对0.2-75微米范围內的颗粒物质进行粒径分析的标准方法”(ASTM第14.02卷,1993,引入本发明作为参考)进行测定。
只要具有所需的折光指数,该颗粒可以具有很多种形状,包括球形、球体、椭圆形、层状、不规则状、针状和棒状。颗粒可以为各种物理形式,包括金红石、锐钛矿或其混合物。
(i)反射性颗粒材料:
本发明的反射性颗粒材料为金属氧化物,优选包括无机材料颗粒,例如二氧化钛、氧化锌、二氧化锆、氧化铝及其组合,更优选二氧化钛、氧化锌及其组合(所述组合意指包括含一种或更多种上述材料的颗粒,以及这些颗粒材料的混合物),最优选地,这些颗粒基本上由二氧化钛组成。该反射性颗粒材料可以是复合材料,例如沉积在核上或与其它材料(例如但不限于二氧化硅、硅氧烷树脂、云母和尼龙)混合。
无机颗粒材料,例如二氧化钛、氧化锌、二氧化锆或氧化铝可从很多种来源商购。适用的颗粒材料的一个例子包括可购自美国化妆品公司的TronoxTM(二氧化钛系列)和SAT-T CR837(金红石二氧化钛)以及购自Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha公司的二氧化钛CR-50和购自Tayca公司的二氧化钛JA-1。
该组合物可以含有其它无机或有机颗粒材料。但是,优选地,本发明组合物中的颗粒基本上由这节中描述的颗粒材料组成。
(ii)涂层材料:
上文描述的反射性颗粒材料优选涂有能赋予其高于未涂覆反射性颗粒材料的ζ电势的净电荷的涂层材料。因此,只要贡献给反射颗粒的净电荷(阳离子的或阴离子的)高于未处理的反射性颗粒材料,可以使用任何涂层材料。但是,组合物中的所有颗粒优选地用相同的净电荷进行处理,例如,没有阳离子和阴离子涂层材料的混合,以得益于反射颗粒之间的排斥力。但是,本领域技术人员应当理解,只要能够维持总排斥力,可以使用少量的带相反电荷的涂层材料。
贡献阳离子电荷的涂层材料的非限制性例子包括阳离子聚合物(天然的和/或合成的)以及阳离子表面活性剂。优选的阳离子涂层材料选自由脱乙酰壳多糖、羟丙基脱乙酰壳多糖、quaternium-80、polyquaternium-7及其混合物组成的组。
贡献阴离子电荷的涂层材料的非限制性例子包括阴离子聚合物(天然的和/或合成的)和阴离子表面活性剂。优选的阴离子涂层材料选自:聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物,水解的麦蛋白聚硅氧烷共聚物、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇磷酸酯、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇醋酸酯、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇月桂酸酯、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇硬脂酸酯、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇山萮酸酯、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇异硬脂酸酯、二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇羟基硬脂酸酯,磷酸酯、软骨素硫酸钠、透明质酸钠、透明质酸铵、藻酸钠、藻酸铵、月桂酸铵、月桂酸钠、月桂酸钾、豆蔻酸铵、豆蔻酸钠、豆蔻酸钾、棕榈酸铵、棕榈酸钠、棕榈酸钾、硬脂酸铵、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、油酸铵、油酸钠、油酸钾及其混合物。更优选的阴离子涂层材料选自由聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠及其混合物组成的组。
带电材料(例如,用涂层材料处理的)可以基本上纯的粉末形式获得,或预分散于各种类型载体中,包括但不限于水、有机亲水稀释剂如低级一价醇(如C1-4)和低分子量二元醇和多元醇,包括丙二醇、聚乙二醇(如,分子量200-600克/摩尔)、聚丙二醇(如分子量425-2025克/摩尔)、甘油、丁二醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、山梨醇酯、1,2,6-己三醇、乙醇、异丙醇、山梨醇酯、丁二醇、醚丙醇、 乙氧基化醚、丙氧基化醚及其混合物。优选地,带电颗粒材料预分散于水、甘油、丁二醇、丙二醇及其混合物中。可商购的带电颗粒材料的例子包括KoboBG60DC(一种用脱乙酰壳多糖处理的二氧化钛和丁二醇的预分散体)、Kobo GLW75CAP(聚丙烯酸铵处理的二氧化钛、水和甘油的预分散体)、Kobo GLW75CAP-MP(聚丙烯酸铵处理的二氧化钛、水、甘油、对羟苯甲酸甲酯和对羟苯甲酸丙酯的预分散体),上述例子均可购自位于纽约South Plainfield的Kobo产品公司。
C.结构化化合物
本发明组合物包括结构化化合物。本发明中,“结构化化合物”是指形成组织化结构、凝胶网络体系的化合物,从而这种体系可以存在于疏水或亲水组份中。据信,结构化化合物有助于提供给组合物良好的流变性能,这赋予该组合物稳定性和令人愉悦的美学特性。优选地,组合物中结构化化合物的含量为约1.0%-约10.0%,更优选约2.0%-约8.0%。
优选地,结构化化合物包括脂肪醇和两亲表面活性剂。尽管不愿受理论束缚,据信脂肪醇与两亲表面活性剂一起定向以形成层状结构,从而得到持续的油相和水相。也据信,这样的组织结构(称为“脂肪醇凝胶网络体系”)赋予组合物以稳定性。
本发明中有用的脂肪醇是选自直链或支链的饱和C12-30脂肪醇、直链或支链的饱和C12-30二元醇及其混合物的直链或支链的饱和脂肪醇。优选的脂肪醇是鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇及其混合物。优选地,组合物中脂肪醇的用量为约1.0%-10.0%,更优选约1.0%-约5.0%。
用于本发明的两亲表面活性剂包括各种非离子、阳离子、阴离子、两性离子、两性的表面活性剂中的任何表面活性剂及这些表面活性剂的混合物。用于本发明的宽范围的其它表面活性剂的例子描述于McCutcheon的《洗涤剂和乳化剂》(北美版,1986,Allured出版公司出版,全文引入本发明作为参考)。用于本发明的示例性表面活性剂也见于美国专利4800197(1989年1月24日授权给Kowcz等人,全文引入本发明作为参考)。优选地,组合物中本发明两亲表面活性剂的用量为约1.0%-10.0%,更优选约2.0%-约6.0%。
用于本发明的优选的非离子表面活性剂是烯化氧与脂肪酸和脂肪醇的缩合产品(例如,其中聚烯化氧部分在一端用脂肪酸酯化,而在另一端用脂肪醇醚化(即,通过醚键连接)。这些材料具有通式R2CO(X1)zOR3,其中R2和R3独立地是具有约10-约30个碳的烷基;X1是衍生自如乙二醇或环氧乙烷的-OCH2CH2或衍生自丙二醇或环氧丙烷的-OCH2CHCH3;z是约6-约100的整数。
这些烯化氧衍生的非离子表面活性剂的其它例子包括:ceteth-6,ceteth-10,ceteth-12,ceteareth-6,ceteareth-10,ceteareth-12,ceteareth-20,steareth-6,steareth-10,steareth-12,steareth-20,steareth-21,steareth-100,PEG-6硬脂酸酯,PEG-10硬脂酸酯,PEG-12硬脂酸酯,PEG-100硬脂酸酯,PEG-10甘油硬脂酸酯,PEG-20甘油硬脂酸酯、PEG-30甘油椰油酸酯,PEG-80甘油椰油酸酯,PEG-80甘油牛油酸酯,PEG-200甘油牛油酸酯,PEG-8二月桂酸酯,PEG-10二硬脂酸酯,单硬脂酸甘油酯,二硬脂酸甘油酯,单月桂酸甘油酯,二月桂酸甘油酯及其混合物。
结构化化合物还可以含有助增稠剂。用于本发明的示例性助增稠剂是多糖类和主要衍生自天然原料如树胶的材料。
可以使用本领域公知的很多种多糖。本发明所用的“多糖”是指含有重复糖(即碳水化合物)单元的主链的组份。这些多糖的非限制性例子包括选自纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、乙酸丙酸羧酸纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、硫酸纤维素钠及其混合物的物质。
用于本发明的还有烷基取代的纤维素。在这些聚合物中,纤维素聚合物的羟基被羟烷基化(优选羟乙基化或羟丙基化)以形成羟烷基化纤维素,然后用C10-C30直链或支链烷基通过醚键进一步改性羟烷基化纤维素。通常这些聚合物是C10-C30直链或支链醇与羟烷基纤维素的醚。用于本发明的烷基的例子包括选自硬脂基、异硬脂基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基、鲸蜡基、异鲸蜡基、椰油基(即衍生自椰子油醇的烷基)、棕榈基、油基、亚麻油基、亚麻基、蓖麻油基、山萮基及其混合物的烷基。烷基羟烷基纤维素醚中优选的是CTFA名为鲸蜡基羟乙基纤维素的材料,其是鲸蜡醇和羟乙基纤维素的醚。该材料由Aqualon公司以商品名NatrosolCS Plus出售。
其它有用的多糖包括硬葡聚糖,所述硬葡聚糖含有带每三个单元小于6个键合葡萄糖的(小于3个)键合葡萄糖单元的线性链,其可商购的例子是得自Michel Mercier产品公司(Mountainside,NJ)的ClearogelTM CS11。
树胶的非限制性例子包括选自金合欢、琼脂、海藻胶、藻酸、藻酸铵、支链淀粉、藻酸钙、角叉菜胶钙(calcium carrageenan)、肉毒碱、角叉菜胶、糊精、动物胶、gellan胶、瓜耳(豆)胶、瓜耳羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride)、水辉石、透明质酸、水合硅石、羟丙基脱乙酰壳多糖、羟丙基瓜耳、刺梧桐树胶、海草(灰)、刺槐豆胶、natto胶、藻酸钾、角叉菜胶钾(potassium carrageenan)、藻酸丙二醇酯、菌核胶、羧甲基糊精钠、角叉酸钠、黄蓍胶、黄原胶及其混合物的材料。
D.化妆上可接受的载体
本发明的组合物包括化妆上可接受的载体。本发明中,“化妆上可接受的载体”是指一种或多种相容的固体或液体填料、稀释剂、补充剂等,这些物质是如本发明所定义的化妆上可接受的。本发明中术语“相容的”是指本发明组合物的各组份能够相互混合,从而使得不会发生显著降低通常使用条件下的该组合物效能的相互作用。
用于本发明的化妆上可接受的载体选自疏水组份、亲水液体载体、pH调节剂、水及其混合物。本发明中使用的载体的类型取决于所需的产品的类型,并可以包括几种类型的载体包括但不限于溶液、溶胶、乳液(包括水包油或油包水)、凝胶、固体和脂质体。
1)疏水组份
本发明中有用的疏水组份包括类脂、油、油性的或其它疏水组份。疏水组份用作润肤剂。
很多种适当的疏水组份是公知的并且可以用于本发明,大量的例子可见于Sagarin的《化妆品,科学与技术》(第2版,第1卷,第32-43页,1972)。适用的疏水组份的非限制性例子包括矿物油、凡士林、C7-C40直链和支链烃、C1-30醇酯、甘油、烷撑二醇酯、丙氧基化和乙氧基化衍生物、糖酯、植物油和氢化植物油、动物脂肪和油,和聚丙二醇的C4-20烷基醚,聚丙二醇的C1-20羧酸酯和双-C8-30烷基醚。用于本发明的疏水组份的例子列于美国专利5306514(1994年4月26日授权给Letton等人);《默克索引》(第10版,第7048项,第1033页(1983));以及《国际化妆品成分词典》(第5版,第1卷,第415-417页(1993))。
用于本发明的脂肪酸糖酯是糖类和一个或多个羧酸部分的C1-30单酯或多酯,优选其中酯化度为7-8,并且其中脂肪酸部分是C18单和/或双不饱和酸和山萮酸(不饱和酸:山萮酸的摩尔比为(1∶7)-(3∶5))的蔗糖多酯,更优选其中分子中有约7个山萮脂肪酸部分和约1个油酸部分的蔗糖八酯,例如棉籽油脂肪酸的蔗糖酯。
优选地,组合物含有约2.0%-约95.0%,更优选约40.0%-约85.0%的疏水组份。疏水组份可以包括衍生自动物、植物或石油的、天然或合成(如人造)的组份。
2)亲水液体载体
本发明组合物可以含有亲水液体载体(HLC)。优选的HLC可以含有皮肤学上可接受的非水亲水稀释剂。亲水稀释剂的非限制性例子为多元醇如低分子量单价醇(即C1-6)和低分子量二元醇和多元醇,包括丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、一缩二丙二醇、聚乙二醇(如分子量200-1000克/摩尔)、聚丙二醇(如分子量425-2025克/摩尔)、甘油、1,2,4-丁三醇、1,2,6-已三醇及其组合。
优选地,组合物含有约30%-约95%,更优选约40%-约90%的HLC。HLC包括水和一种或多种水溶性或水可分散性组份。制剂中水的精确用量根据所需的范围和所选择的任选组份而有所变化。3)pH调节剂
用于本发明的化妆上可接受的载体可以含有pH调节剂。本发明中,“pH调节剂”是指用于增大或降低组合物的整体pH值到最佳pH值从而抑制组份(特别是抗坏血酸化合物)的分解的任何组份。最佳pH值取决于选用的抗坏血酸化合物。例如,当组合物包括磷酸L-抗坏血酸酯镁盐(MAP)时,优选pH值为约7.0-约8.0。本发明适用的pH调节剂包括醋酸盐、磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、三乙醇胺和碳酸盐。经常采用前述的组合调节组合物的pH值到特定的最佳pH值。以组合物总重量计,pH调节剂的总含量为约0.01%-约5.0%,优选约0.5%-约2.0%。
4)其它活性成分
用于本发明的化妆上可接受的载体还可以含有能够以不同的方式作用以增强抗坏血酸化合物的功效和/或提供其它功效的其它活性成分。这些物质的例子包括但不限于,维生素B化合物、抗氧剂和自由基捕获剂、抗炎剂、抗菌剂、防晒剂和遮光x剂,以及螯合剂。用于本发明的其它活性成分包括维生素A(例如,视黄醛衍生物,可由许多来源如Sigma化学公司(圣.路易斯,MO)和BoerhingerMannheim(Indianapolis,IN)商购并描述于美国专利4677120(1987年6月30日授权给Parish等人);美国专利4885311(1989年12月5日授权给Parish等人);美国专利5049584(1991年9月17日授权给Purcell等人);美国专利5124356(1992年6月23日授权给Purcell等人);和再授权专利34075(1992年9月22日授权给Purcell等人);)和维生素K。
(i)维生素B3化合物:
维生素B3化合物增强本发明的皮肤外观有益效果,特别是调节皮肤状况,包括调节皮肤老化信号,更特别是调节皱纹、细纹和毛孔。维生素B3化合物优选含量为约0.01%-约50%,更优选约0.1%-约10%,更优选约0.5%-约10%,并且进一步更优选约1%-约5%。
其中R是-CONH2(如烟酰胺)、-COOH(如烟酸)或-CH2OH(如烟醇);其衍生物;和前述任一种的盐。
前述维生素B3化合物的示例性衍生物包括烟酸酯,所述烟酸酯又包括烟酸的非血管舒张性酯、烟基(nicotinyl)氨基酸、羧酸烟醇酯、烟酸N-氧化物和烟酰胺N-氧化物。
适用的烟酸的酯包括1-约22个碳,优选1-约16个碳,更优选约1-约6个碳的醇的烟酸酯。所述醇适当地为直链或支链、环状或非环状、饱和或不饱和(包括芳族)、和取代的或未取代的。所述酯优选为非血管舒张性的。如本发明中使用的“非血管舒张性的”是指施用到皮肤上后本发明组合物中的该酯通常不会引起可见的潮红反应(一般人群中的大多数不会有可见的潮红反应,尽管这种化合物可能会引起裸眼看不到的血管舒张,即该酯是非潮红性的(non-rubifacient))。烟酸的非血管舒张性酯包括烟酸生育酚酯和六烟酸肌醇酯;优选烟酸生育酚酯。
维生素B3化合物的其它衍生物是得自一个或多个酰胺基氢取代的烟酰胺的衍生物。用于本发明的烟酰胺的衍生物的非限制性例子包括衍生自,例如,活化的烟酸化合物(如烟酸叠氮化物或烟酰氯)与氨基酸反应的烟基氨基酸,和有机羧酸(如1-约18个碳)的烟醇酯。这种衍生物的具体例子包括具有如下化学结构的烟酰甘氨酸(C8H8N2O3)和烟基异羟肟酸(C6H6N2O2);
烟酰甘氨酸:
烟基异羟肟酸:
示例性的烟醇酯包括羧酸水杨酸、醋酸、乙醇酸、棕榈酸等的烟醇酯。用于本发明的维生素B3化合物的其它非限制性例子是2-氯烟酰胺、6-氨基烟酰胺、6-甲基烟酰胺、n-甲基烟酰胺、n,n-二乙基烟酰胺、n-(羟甲基)烟酰胺、喹啉酸酰亚胺、烟酰苯胺、n-苄基烟酰胺、n-乙基烟酰胺、烟胺比林、烟碱醛、异烟酸、甲基异烟酸、硫代烟酰胺、丙酰苄胺异烟肼、1-(3-吡啶基甲基)脲、2-巯基烟酸、烟酸环己醇酯和烟胺哌嗪。
上面的维生素B3化合物的非限制性例子是本领域众所周知的,可从许多来源商购,例如购自Sigma化学公司(圣.路易斯,MO);ICN生物医药公司(Irvin,CA)和Aldrich化学公司(Milwaukee,WI)。
一种或多种维生素B3化合物可以用于本发明。优选的维生素B3化合物是烟酰胺和烟酸生育酚酯。更优选烟酰胺。
当使用时,烟酰胺的盐、衍生物及盐衍生物优选是在本发明描述的调节皮肤状况的方法中基本上具有与烟酰胺相同功效的那些。
维生素B3化合物的盐在本发明中也是有用的。用于本发明的维生素B3化合物的盐的非限制性例子包括有机或无机盐,例如与无机阴离子无机物质形成的无机盐(如氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、碳酸盐,优选氯化物),和有机羧酸盐(包括一元-、二元-和三元-C1-18羧酸盐,如醋酸盐、水杨酸盐、乙醇酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐,优选一元羧酸盐如醋酸盐)。本领域普通技术人员可以容易地制备维生素B3化合物的这些和其它盐,例如,如W.Wenner的“L-抗坏血酸和D-los抗坏血酸(losascorbic acid)与烟酸及其酰胺的反应”(《有机化学杂志》,第14卷,第22-26页,1949)所描述的那样。Wenner描述了烟酰胺的抗坏血酸盐的合成。
在优选的实施方案中,维生素B3化合物的环氮基本上是化学上自由的(如未被束缚的和/或未受阻的),或施用到皮肤上后变成基本上化学上自由的(下文中“化学上自由的”也称为“未配位的”)。更优选地,维生素B3化合物基本上是未配位的。因此,如果组合物含有盐或配合形式的维生素B3化合物,当将该组合物施用到皮肤上时,这种配合物优选基本上是可逆的,更优选实质上是可逆的。例如,在约5.0-约6.0的pH值下这种配合物应当是基本上可逆的。这种可逆性可以由本领域普通技术人员容易地测定。
更优选地,维生素B3化合物在施用到皮肤上前在组合物中是基本上未配位的。尽量避免或防止不期望的配合物形成的示例性方法包括不使用与维生素B3化合物形成基本上不可逆的或其它的配合物的材料,pH调节,离子强度调节,表面活性剂的使用以及将维生素B3化合物和与其配位的材料配制进不同相中。这些方法都是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,维生素B3化合物含有有限量的盐形式,并且更优选基本上不含维生素B3化合物的盐。优选地维生素B3化合物含有小于约50%的这样的盐,并且更优选基本上不含盐形式。pH值为约4-约7的组合物中维生素B3化合物通常含有小于约50%的盐。
所包含的维生素B3化合物可以以基本上纯的材料或以从天然原料(如植物)通过适当的物理和/或化学分离得到的提取物形式。维生素B3化合物优选基本上是纯的,更优选实质上是纯的。
(ii)抗氧剂和自由基捕获剂:
抗氧剂和自由基捕获剂特别适用于提供对引起起鳞增加或角质层中组织变化的UV辐射的防护以及对能引起皮肤损伤的其它环境试剂的防护。
可以使用的抗氧剂和自由基捕获剂是:例如,生育酚(维生素E)、山梨酸生育酚酯、醋酸生育酚酯、生育酚的其它酯类、丁基化羟基苯甲酸及它们的盐、6-羟基-2,5,7,8-四甲基苯并二氢吡喃-2-羧酸(可以商品名Trolox商购)、五倍予酸及其烷基酯特别是棓酸丙酯、尿酸及其盐和烷基酯、山梨酸及其盐类、胺类(例如N,N-二乙基羟基胺、氨基胍)、巯基化合物(例如谷胱甘肽)、二羟基富马酸及其盐、枸杞碱pidolate、精氨酸pilolate、去甲二氢愈创木酸、生物类黄酮类、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶、水飞蓟素、茶提取物、葡萄皮/籽提取物、黑素以及迷迭香提取物。优选的抗氧剂/自由基捕获剂选自山梨酸生育酚酯和生育酚的其它酯,更优选山梨酸生育酚酯。例如,局部组合物中并且应用于本发明的山梨酸生育酚酯的应用描述于美国专利4847071(1989年7月11日授予Bissett等人)。
(iii)抗炎剂
抗炎剂通过例如赋予均匀性和可接受的皮肤色调和/或颜色增强了皮肤外观的有益效果。
优选地,抗炎剂包括甾族抗炎剂和非甾族抗炎剂。优选使用的甾族抗炎剂是氢化可的松。
这一组包括的各种化合物是本领域技术人员公知的。至于非甾族抗炎剂的化学结构、合成、副作用等的详细公开可参照标准教科书,包括分别引入本文作为参考的《抗炎和抗风湿药物》(K.D.Rainsford,第I-III卷,CRC出版公司出版,Boca Raton,(1985))和《抗炎剂,化学与药理学》(1,R.A.Scherrer等人,学术出版社,纽约(1974))。
所谓的“天然”抗炎剂也是有用的。这些试剂可以作为提取物适当地通过合适的物理和/或化学分离从天然原料(即植物、真菌、微生物的副产物)中得到。例如,可以使用α-红没药醇、库拉索芦荟、Manjistha(从茜草属(尤其是茜草植物中提取)、和Guggal(从没药(Commiphora)属,特别是Commiphora Mukul植物中提取)、可乐提取物、春黄菊和海鞭草(sea whip)提取物。
用于本发明的其它抗炎剂包括甘草(洋甘草属/种植物)科化合物,包括甘草亭酸、甘草酸及其衍生物(如盐和酯)。前述化合物的合适盐包括金属盐和铵盐。合适的酯包括酸的C2-24,优选C10-24,更优选C16-24饱和或不饱和酯。
(iv)抗菌剂
当使用时,“抗菌剂”是指能够破坏微生物、抑制微生物滋生或抑制微生物的致病作用的化合物。抗菌剂在例如控制痤疮中是有用的。用于本发明的优选抗菌剂是过氧化苯甲酰、红霉素、四环素、氯林肯霉素、壬二酸、硫间苯二酚苯氧基乙醇和IrgasanTM DP300(Ciba Geigy公司,美国)。本发明组合物中可以加入安全有效量的抗菌剂,其用量优选约0.001%-约10%,更优选约0.01%-约5%,进一步更优选约0.05%-约2%。
(v)防晒剂和遮光剂
防晒剂和遮光剂一般可以防止紫外线辐射引起的过度起鳞和角质层的组织变化,因此可以加入本发明组合物中。适用的防晒剂和遮光剂可以是有机或无机的。
许多种常规防晒剂和遮光剂适用于本发明。参见,美国专利5087445(1992年2月11日,授予Haffey等人);美国专利5073372(1991年12月17日授予Turner等人);美国专利5073371(1991年12月17日授予Turner等人);和Segarin等人的《化妆品科学与技术》(1972)(第VIII章,第189页以及下列等页),该文献公开了大量的适用防晒剂和遮光剂。可用于本发明组合物的防晒剂和遮光剂优选选自2-乙基己基-对-甲氧基肉桂酸酯(以PARSOL MCX商购)、丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰基-甲烷、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、辛基二甲基-对-氨基苯甲酸、氰双苯丙烯酸辛酯、N,N-二甲基-对-氨基苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、对-氨基苯甲酸、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、氰双苯丙烯酸辛酯、羟基甲氧基二苯甲酮、水杨酸高基酯、水杨酸辛酯、4,4’-甲氧基-叔-丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷、3-亚苄基樟脑、3-(4-甲基亚苄基)樟脑、二氧化钛、氧化锌、二氧化硅、铁氧化物、EusolexTM6300、氰双苯丙烯酸辛酯、Parsol 1789及其混合物。
本发明组合物中特别有用的防晒剂和遮光剂是例如美国专利4937370(1990年6月26日授予Sabatelli)和美国专利4999186(1991年3月12日授予Sabatelli)描述的那些。其中公开的防晒剂和遮光剂在一个分子中有两个不同的具有不同紫外辐射吸收光谱的发色团部分。其中一个发色团部分主要吸收UVB辐射范围而另一个强烈吸收UVA辐射范围。相对于常规防晒剂和遮光剂,这些防晒剂和遮光剂提供更好的功效,更宽的UV吸收、更低的皮肤渗透和更长的持续效果。
精确用量根据所选择的防晒剂和所需的防晒因子(SPF)而变化。SPF常作为防晒剂的抵抗红斑的光保护作用的量度。参见《FederalRegister》(第43卷,第166期,第38206-38269页,1978年8月25日)。
也可向组合物中加入本文的防晒剂或遮光剂以改善皮肤,特别是增强它们抗被水洗掉或被擦掉的性能。提供这种效果的优选防晒剂和遮光剂是乙烯和丙烯酸的共聚物。包括这种共聚物的组合物公开在美国专利4663157(1987年5月5日授予Broek)中。
(vi)螯合剂
用于本发明时,“螯合剂”是指通过反应形成配合物而由体系中除去金属离子从而使金属离子不易参与或催化化学反应的化合物。组合物中包括螯合剂对于提供抗UV辐射及抗其它会引起皮肤破坏的环境试剂的防护作用尤其有用,UV辐射会促进过度的起鳞或皮肤组织变化。
用于本发明的示例性螯合剂公开于美国专利5487884(1996年1月30日授予Bissett等人);PCT申请91/16035和91/16034(Bush等人,1995年10月31日公开)。优选的螯合剂是糠偶酰二肟及其衍生物。
4)其它组份
除了上面描述的组份,本发明组合物还可包括防腐剂和防腐增强剂,如水溶性或可增溶的防腐剂,包括Germall 115、羟基苯甲酸的甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基酯、苄醇、EDTA、Bronopol(2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇)和苯氧基丙醇;其它亮肤/均匀剂,包括曲酸和对苯二酚葡糖苷;WO95/23780(Kvalnes等人,1995年9月8日公开);皮肤调节剂;皮肤渗透促进剂;皮肤防护剂;润肤剂;皮肤愈合剂;紫外线吸收剂或散射剂;多价螯合剂;抗痤疮剂;抗雄性激素剂;脱毛剂;溶角蛋白剂/脱屑剂/剥离剂如水杨酸;泛醇湿润剂如D-泛醇;可溶的或胶态可溶的润湿剂如透明质酸和淀粉接枝的聚丙烯酸钠如购自Celanese超吸收剂材料公司(Portsmith,VA,美国)并描述于美国专利4076663的SanwetTMIM-1000、IM-1500和IM-2500;蛋白质和多肽及其衍生物;有机羟基酸;药物收敛剂;外用止痛剂;成膜剂;吸收剂包括吸油剂如粘土和聚合物吸收剂;研磨剂;防结块剂;防沫剂;粘合剂;生物添加剂;填充剂;着色剂;香料、芳香油及其增溶剂;天然提取物;刺激胶原生成的化合物。
E.制备组合物的方法
本发明组合物通常采用本领域公知的、常用于提供皮肤护理组合物尤其是皮肤用膏霜的方法制备。这些方法一般包括在一个或多个步骤中混合组份至较均匀的状态(采用或不用加热、冷却等)。典型方法描述于,例如描述于《Harry化妆学》(第7版,Harry&Wilkinson(Hill出版公司;伦敦,1982))。
实施例
下面的实施例进一步描述和说明本发明范围內的实施方案。给出这些实施例仅仅是为了说明本发明而不应认为是对本发明的限制,因为不脱离本发明精神和范围的各种变化是可能的。应用时,各组份以化学名称或CTFA名称给出,或按照下面进行定义。
下面给出的组合物可以采用本领域公知的任何常规方法制备。合适的方法和配方如下:(单位%)
化学名称 | A | B | C |
磷酸抗坏血酸酯镁盐 | 4.000 | 3.000 | - |
磷酸抗坏血酸酯钠盐 | - | - | 2.000 |
KOBO GLW75CAP-MP1 | 0.670 | 1.330 | 2.000 |
硬脂醇 | - | 1.500 | - |
鲸蜡醇 | - | - | 1.500 |
黄原胶 | 0.200 | 0.020 | 0.500 |
糖的脂肪酸酯 | - | 1.000 | 0.500 |
甘油 | 5.000 | 9.000 | 7.000 |
单硬脂酸甘油酯 | - | 3.000 | 3.000 |
PEG 100硬脂酸酯 | 0.300 | - | - |
Ceteareth-10 | - | 0.400 | 0.200 |
Steareth-21 | - | 0.200 | 0.300 |
异壬酸异壬酯 | 6.000 | 5.000 | 3.000 |
柠檬酸钠 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
水 | 加至100% |
上述组合物的制备方法以下述为宜:
(1)溶解除抗坏血酸化合物和柠檬酸钠之外的水溶性组份,并加热该溶液最高至约75℃;
(2)混合抗坏血酸化合物和柠檬酸钠各自的水溶液并冷却该混合物至低于约40℃;
(3)混合(1)和(2)并将温度保持在约75℃;
(4)加热结构化化合物和油性组份的混合物至约80℃;
(5)将混合物(4)加入水相(3),随后高压匀化;和
(6)在约30℃将KOBO GLW75CAP-MP和甘油加入到混合物(5)中。
前面的实施例所公开和代表的实施方案具有很多优点。例如,本发明组合物含有更高含量的用于亮肤的抗坏血酸化合物,同时具有改善的产品美感如产品外观不变黄或变棕,甚至在长时间贮存时也是如此。
应该理解,给出上面的对本发明实施例和实施方案的详细描述仅仅是为了说明本发明,对于本领域普通技术人员来说,大量改进和变化是显而易见的,并且不脱离本发明的精神和范围;这些显而易见的改进和变化包括在所附的权利要求的范围內。
Claims (8)
1、一种组合物,包括:
(a)抗坏血酸化合物;
(b)带电反射性颗粒材料;
(c)结构化化合物;和
(d)化妆上可接受的载体。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其中结构化化合物包括脂肪醇和两亲表面活性剂。
3、权利要求2的组合物,其中化妆上可接受的载体选自疏水组份、亲水液体载体、pH调节剂及其混合物。
4、权利要求2的组合物,其中化妆上可接受的载体还包括至少一种选自维生素B3化合物、抗氧剂和自由基捕获剂、抗炎剂、抗菌剂、防晒剂和遮光剂、以及螯合剂的其它活性成分。
5、权利要求4的组合物,其中结构化化合物还包括选自树胶和多糖的助增稠剂。
6、一种组合物,包括:
(a)约1.0%-约10.0%的抗坏血酸化合物;
(b)约0.01%-约5.0%的带电反射性颗粒材料;
(c)约1.0%-约10.0%的结构化化合物;和
(d)约30.0%-约95.0%的化妆上可接受的载体。
7、权利要求6的组合物,其中结构化化合物包括约1.0%-10.0%的脂肪醇和约1.0%-约10.0%的两亲表面活性剂。
8、权利要求7的组合物,其中化妆上可接受的载体包括约2.0%-约95.0%的疏水组份,约30.0%-约95.0%的亲水液体载体,和约0.01-约5.0%的pH调节剂。
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PCT/US1998/024257 WO2000028961A1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | A skin lightening composition containing an ascorbic acid compound |
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JP (1) | JP2003502276A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010107962A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1336818A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU1458599A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9816072A (zh) |
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WO2002062312A1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Mask composition |
CA2489998C (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2008-12-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Mask composition containing emulsified liquid composition |
US7419655B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2008-09-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Skin care products |
JP2004217621A (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-08-05 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 油性皮膚外用剤 |
US7452547B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2008-11-18 | Johnson&Johnson Consumer Co., Inc. | Product for treating the skin comprising a polyamine microcapsule wall and a skin lightening agent |
AR059102A1 (es) * | 2006-01-19 | 2008-03-12 | Mary Kay Inc | Composiciones que comprenden extracto de ciruela kakadu o extracto de frutos de asai |
FR2942715B1 (fr) * | 2009-03-04 | 2013-10-25 | J2Ni | Composition cosmetique pour lutter contre le vieillissement de la peau, constituee et distribuee sous la forme d'une poudre se transformant en creme lors de son application |
FR3002844B1 (fr) | 2013-03-05 | 2016-08-12 | Sensient Cosmetic Tech | Composition pulverulente utile pour la preparation de compositions cosmetiques blanchissantes |
DE102013204070A1 (de) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-11 | Beiersdorf Ag | Verwendung kosmetisch oder dermatologisch unbedenklicher substituierter Michael-Akzeptoren zur Verhinderung, Verminderung oder Prophylaxe der Tyrosinaseaktivität der menschlichen Haut und/oder deren Aufhellung |
CN107694763B (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-02-07 | 江西理工大学 | 烟基羟肟酸捕收剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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IL99291A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1997-04-15 | Fischer Pharma Ltd | Cosmetic preparations |
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WO2000028961A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
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CZ20011582A3 (cs) | 2001-08-15 |
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