CN1331759A - Bio-oxidation process and appts. - Google Patents
Bio-oxidation process and appts. Download PDFInfo
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- CN1331759A CN1331759A CN99814694A CN99814694A CN1331759A CN 1331759 A CN1331759 A CN 1331759A CN 99814694 A CN99814694 A CN 99814694A CN 99814694 A CN99814694 A CN 99814694A CN 1331759 A CN1331759 A CN 1331759A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 241000205091 Sulfolobus solfataricus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000605118 Thiobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000605272 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- INPLXZPZQSLHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Co+2] INPLXZPZQSLHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/02—Apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed in the invention is a process and apparatus for conducting bio-oxidation processes for the extraction of metals from metal containing materials in which aeration means, preferably a diffuser means, is employed within a bio-oxidation reactor to maintain bacterial viability and suspension of metal containing materials by introduction of an oxygen containing gas to a non-mechanically agitated reactor.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to be used for extracting metal, especially extract their bio-oxidation process and reactor thereof from metallic sulfide from mineral.
Background of invention
Can use microorganism, the especially bacterium of particular type, biological extraction specifically is in the biological oxidation process metallic mineral especially metallic sulfide to be carried out oxidation.The oxidation of sulfide mineral can be used for from for example iron sulphide, cupric sulfide, zinc sulphide, nickelous sulfide and cobaltous sulfide with METAL EXTRACTION to solution, maybe will be wrapped in precious metal in the metallic sulfide (especially refractory mineral) such as gold and silver and platinum and separate.This method is called as bacterial oxidation, biological extraction, bio-oxidation, bioleaching or bacterial leaching.In this respect, pyrite (a kind of iron sulphide) and mispickel (a kind of Containing Sulfur arsenic iron) are that what is called contains the modal gold mineral that contains in the golden refractory mineral, can help to isolate these precious metals with these materials of microbiological treatment from the refractory mineral that contains precious metal.
Existing bibliographical information has used the bacterium of some type to comprise mesophilic microorganism one thiobacillus ferrooxidant, thiobacillus thiooxidans, ferricoxidans, moderate thermophilic bacteria and thermophile bacteria such as sulfolobus solfataricus in these methods.
Aforesaid method is the theme of many documents and patent institute wide coverage.But relating in the stirred pot of bubbling air or in 6mm that reunites with bacteria particles or bigger rock deposit thing or in the stores that is a granulated into by fine particle, conventional bacterial oxidation method carries out bacterial oxidation.Develop a kind of liquid that contains acid bacteria, be generally used for irritating towards stores convenient METAL EXTRACTION.Dump leaching was adopted many years, people such as Brierley also are that a method has obtained patent (U.S. Patent No. 524686), this patent is that the sulfide mineral that adopts two step method for congregating to be used for from stores (wherein the mineral grain size is very big, does not break into slurries) reclaims gold.
Van Aswegen has described in " The Genmin Expericence " literary composition in the stainless cylinder of steel of the slurries that concentrate and water are being housed or the cylinder of steel in other belt materials and has carried out bacterial oxidation.Usually the height of these jars is that 8 meters, diameter are 9 meters, and the axial-flow impeller that is driven by high capacity motor is housed.Pressurized air is fed, and pressurized air is cut into finely divided bubble by impeller, keeps dissolved oxygen concentration required in the slurries.The impeller of available various other types also in these impeller units.
The present patent application people finds that these methods have many shortcomings.Wherein main shortcoming is to make the capital construction cost height of the bacterial oxidation reactor that stirs with impeller, and energy consumption is also high.
Though having proposed some of the recommendations keeps particle with blowing device and is present in the suspension, it should be noted that the U.S. Patent No. 4728082,4732608,4968008,4974816 of Envirotech consistent with 5007620 think need certain mechanism, as harrow the formula device, guarantee that a large amount of solids is unlikely to be deposited on the bottom of reaction vessel and to reduce the efficient of reactor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and carry out improving one's methods and installing of bacterial oxidation metallic sulfide ores.
Because this purpose, one aspect of the present invention provides the method for extracting metal from metallic material by bio-oxidation, be included in the reactor that on-mechanical stirs with the bacterium that can promote extraction metal from metallic material, handle the slurries of containing metal material; Introduce oxygen containing gas by the slurries of inflation mechanism in reactor, in suspension, suspend and keep the vitality of bacterium thereby keep described material.
Inflation mechanism can advantageously be introduced reactor with the bubble form of controlled dimensions with gas, and normally the bubble of tiny diameter can improve the mass transfer of oxygen to bacterium.Be appreciated that the oxygen requirement of bacterium is high especially in this respect, so the diffusion property of oxygen is extremely important.The size of bubble is not controlled with tangential force.
Inflation/the whipping appts that is fit to advantageously specifically comprises more following diffusers.Diffuser is by the diffusate transmission from tiny bubble (being preferably the size of control) to the gas of solution or slurries, and air or gas are introduced slurries, and solid is maintained in the device of the suspension state that is used for bacterial oxidation.What be suitable in the present invention is the diffuser of hemispherical, tubular type, plate-like or cyclic type.
Inflation mechanism can comprise hydraulic cutting device.In this device, be that nationality just is completed into then to the very tiny bubble of dislocation formation of gas under the effect of shearing force.
Usable surface inflation mechanism such as oar formula inflation mechanism help the formation of tiny bubble in the entire reaction slurries and carry secretly thereby destroy fluid surface.
Also can use spouting of liquid in addition, be that the fluid-flow pump in the reactor is sent by Venturi meter, and Venturi meter then extracts air and enters liquid, comes to be liquid aerating like this.Inflated liquid returns in the reactor.
In a preferred embodiment, be applicable to that the gas of keeping bacterium vitality comprises oxygen containing gas, as air, oxygen-rich air or oxygen; Sometimes can add carbonic acid gas, as be rich in the air of carbonic acid gas, these gases be introduced the aqueous solution by inflation mechanism (especially diffuser).
When using biological oxidation process, can select various chemolithotrophic bacteriums for use.Available various types of other bacterium in this process.These classifications are as follows:
1) mesophilic bacteria is applicable to 10 ℃-45 ℃ oxidation;
2) moderate thermophilic bacteria is in the oxidation of 40 ℃ of-60 ℃ of scope sulfide ores;
3) thermophile bacteria is in-90 ℃ of oxidations more than 50 ℃.
Carrying out this process can be called single culture or mixed culture usually with any or multiple these microorganisms (especially bacterium kind), in required temperature range sulfide or other mineral or metallic material is carried out oxidation.The mesophilic bacteria that is used for bacterial oxidation is thiobacillus ferrooxidant, thiobacillus thiooxidans, ferricoxidans preferably.Most of moderate thermophilic bacteria does not have concrete title, but some is called as sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans.Preferable, thermophile bacteria is Bu Shi sulfolobus solfataricus, BC sulfolobus solfataricus and sulfolobus acidocaldarius.Though what this paper used is the kind of these titles,, also be included in the scope of the present invention though similarly in 0 ℃ of-90 ℃ of whole temperature range, identified and can impel iron and thio-oxidizing bacterium not to have title.Usually the process that can advantageously carry out in the tolerant temperature range of above-mentioned bacterium will be narrated below.Can under the temperature range that mesophilic bacteria, moderate thermophilic bacteria or extreme thermophile bacteria are fit to, react.
Though can be in this way in METAL EXTRACTION, if desired, also available other metallurgical operations are carried out pre-treatment or aftertreatment, reclaim precious metal as available CIP or CIL method.Bio-oxidation is carried out solid/liquid separation later on usually, and the liquid that separates is further handled and reclaimed metal.
Can in any suitable reactor, (comprise the common known type of reactor in those this areas) and use this method, be preferably operate continuously.Inflation can realize by the suitable inflation mechanism (even in hicap) in these reactors.
But wish not use mechanism in reactor, and will introduce gas as particle being maintained suspended state, the mineral grain that does not have the containing metal material obviously is deposited on the only resource of reactor bottom.We can say that this reactor is no rake formula.
In a preferred embodiment, metallic material is for example non-ferrous metals sulfide ore, as the ore of cupric, nickel, zinc, lead or cobalt, comprise blended or polymetallic ore, can be or include by the golden refractory mineral that contains of bacteriological action dissolved parcel sulfide.Other metals of this classification comprise the flue dust of flotation concentrate, gravity concentrate, mine tailing, throw out, matte and sulfide.But aforesaid method also is applicable to and can utilizes the bacterial oxidation and the bioleaching of the metallic inorganic substance of concentration usually with economy to non-sulfide ores and other, has suitable bacterium to use for this reason.But for example use method bioleaching rare earth ore of the present invention, manganese oxide ore and phosphoric acid salt rock, but be not limited thereto.
In another embodiment of the invention, provide and be used for the reactor assembly that bio-oxidation is handled the containing metal material, it comprises at least one no rake formula reactor, have the inflation mechanism of introducing oxygen-containing gas in its reaction compartment, described containing metal material is maintained suspended state and keeps the vitality of bacterium.
Though reactor can be a different shape not with the mechanism of stirring, for example be the form of jar or groove.In this case, reactor can be made with the material that is fit to, and steel, metal alloy or concrete have acidproof medium sometimes and make lining.Other knot producing material material packages are drawn together timber, plastics, glass fibre.Available any inflation mechanism known in the art.
In addition, reactor can be formed in the reservoir structures that ground or mine working form.In this case, reservoir can have liquid-tight barrier lining, as clay or plastic film, enters soil or rock on every side in order to prevent solution.The top on ground is used from rock or other suitable material and is made reactor around.
Though following form can be applicable to the suitable reactors of other types, with regard to reservoir structures, preferable reactor, its planar cross-sectional is a rectangle.Reactor can be tapered towards any end.When an end was seen, the cross section of reactor can be also rectangular, also available certainly other shapes.The wall of reactor is vertical substantially or gradient.Between 4-8 meters, between 5-20 meters, dark certainly and wide these two sizes can be a little greatly or littler usually for width usually for the degree of depth of reactor.The very large reactor of useful size (length can greater than 100 meters), and available many reactors.These reactor assemblies can be connected and be used or parallel use.
The bottom of reactor can begin to be the gradient from feed end, and ore or other metallic materials join in the reactor until discharge end thus.This gradient can descend.The gradient of reactor can be variable.Facilitate and allow particle deliver to discharge end from feed end.Can calculate the volume of reactor by the treatment rate of containing metal material to be processed or ore.
Inflation mechanism or diffuser can be installed with even interval at reactor bottom.The installation dense degree of diffuser is determined it according to the oxygen requirement of reactor.
Many positions can be sent into charging in the reactor on the width of reactor one end.Splitter by a ring-type person in charge or general type is given these positions with distribution of slurry.
But DESIGN OF REACTOR is not restricted to above-mentioned these structures, available other structures.
The accompanying drawing summary
It below is the description of certain preferred embodiments of the present invention.Description is carried out with reference to the following drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the side cross-sectional, view that is used for the inflation mechanism of first embodiment of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1 with inflation mechanism shown in the side cross-sectional, view;
Fig. 3 is the side cross-sectional, view that is used for the inflation mechanism of second embodiment of the inventive method;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 3 with inflation mechanism shown in the side cross-sectional, view;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that shows circulation in the reactor, and this reactor comprises the tubular inflating device, as operated reactor among the 3rd embodiment of the inventive method;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram that shows circulation in the reactor, and this reactor comprises a tubular inflating device, and this reactor is an operated reactor among the 4th embodiment of the inventive method;
Fig. 7 is the schematic side view of another embodiment of reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the schematic top plan view of Fig. 7 reactor.
Preferred embodiment describes in detail
Among Fig. 1-4, gas transmits by some diffusers, and diffuser is a device of gas being delivered to the liquid portion of slurries or solution.Usually, pressurized air (though other above-mentioned gases also are suitable for) is blown into diffuser unit 1 by gas supply line 10, form bubbles by porous wall 11, the effect of these bubbles is that oxygen and carbonic acid gas are delivered to slurries 2 in the reactor (not have to show), confession bacterial respiratory and mineral oxidation.Gas supply line 10 can be to the plurality of reactor air feed.If introduce the air or the gas bolt stream of reactor, be difficult to control the bubble size of introducing reactor, this is unfavorable, preferably avoids.
The diameter in hole 13 or size are with the size of required controllable manner domination bubble on the wall 11.The size of bubble is more little, and the surface-area of unit volume bubble is big more, thereby the efficient that gas contacts with liquid is big more, thus the value height that oxygen is transmitted, and this is that efficient bacterial oxidation is necessary.It is 7.5mm or littler that the size of bubble will maintain mean diameter, and preferable mean diameter is 5mm or littler.
Available plate-like, ring-type or piped design, Fig. 1-4 has shown preceding two types.
Plate-like diffuser in side cross-sectional, view shown in Figure 1 and the vertical view shown in Figure 2 is made by flexible membrane 15, and it seals when not carrying air.This can guarantee that slurries can not enter gas supply line 10 in treating processes.With a stationary installation such as clamp ring 16, film 15 is fixing on the throne, and promptly the position 15 of film is fixed near the outlet 20 of gas supply line 10.When film 15 expanded because of air-flow, the hole on the film was just opened, and allowed the air communication mistake.Preferable hole 13 is fine, and diameter is about 1-5 μ.So, need not impeller action aeroembolism cut into suitable bubble size distribution, thereby optimize the conveying of oxygen to slurries.In addition, the mode that can control is easily carried out mass transfer, the size that film by selecting required pore dimension or other materials (following) can be controlled bubble.
The side cross-sectional, view of Fig. 3 and the vertical view of Fig. 4 show a ring-type diffuser.Used film has above-mentioned feature equally.But gas supply line 10 is also to gas supply line 23 air feed, and the latter is to loop pipe 24 air feed, because gas supply line 23 also is to form with film 15, the result makes film 15 bigger with the area that solution or slurries contact.
The feature of film 15 can comprise snappiness, lower cost, wearing quality and change easily.Available acid-resisting rubber or other polymkeric substance are made film 15, and its pore size distribution should meet the requirement of present method.The known method in available membrane technique field is made film.
The diffuser of another kind of type is common hemispherical, makes with plastics or pottery.Go out the hole of diameter same as described above on these materials, these apertures are fixed, and institute all opens wide if having time and allow air flow through, and form bubble population in the slurries of reactor.
A kind of diffuser of special efficient type is a piped, has the hole that some are given vent to anger on the body, is preferably the U-shaped structure.Tubular body arranged inside can link to each other with gas supply line, and can be made by film or suitable plastic or stupalith.
The size that is applicable to the application's diffuser can allow the gas of enough volumes send into slurries usually, makes to reach 0.5-15mg/l dissolved oxygen concentration (depending on the oxygen requirement that is used for the bio-oxidation process bacterium) in slurries.For solid being maintained suspended state and, can using some needed diffusers for oxidation provides enough gas.
But the structure of selecting reactor realizes best inflation.One or more diffusers 24 can be contained in the bottom of reactor or slightly apart from the bottom (if can), these a plurality of diffusers distance apart, and be to introduce gas by different flow, make the bubble that is fit to material production to be processed distribute.Diffuser is fixing on the throne.Under different situations, solid is maintained the required diffuser number of suspended state may be than required big of oxidation, and the number that the former required number may be more required than the latter under other situations is little.At the reactor bottom uniform distribution may be preferred.Expediently, the number of inflation mechanism or diffuser can be different at different sites in the reactor unit surface, than discharge end the more inflation mechanism of more number arranged at the feed end of reactor, at feed end higher bacterial oxidation speed arranged because expect.
Possible gas circulation situation under some tubuloses and the plate-like diffuser situation is equipped with in Fig. 5 and 6 expressions (the present invention is not had any restriction) in reactor 100.Be appreciated that various arrangements all should be able to play the effect that effective mixing contacts with bacterium/solid, though may only get final product with a plate-like diffuser.
Fig. 7 and 8 shows the rectangular reactor 200 with wedged bottom 204.The gradient at the end 204 is tiltedly to discharge end 212 (discharging the particle through leaching from here) from feed end 208 (slurries being introduced) herein.218 of liquid streams that overflow discharge apparatus for recovering metal (not showing).
There are several tubulose diffusers 224 to be evenly distributed on the bottom of reactor 200.
By 232 pairs of diffuser 224 air supplies of pipeline, usefulness be gas blower 230.Also the carbonic acid gas that adds is fed pipeline 232 by pipeline 226.Suitable diffuser 224 is can be from Australian MRE, the tubular film type of the generation tiny bubble that Adelaide (dealer of Enviroquip tubulose diffuser) buys.These diffusers are particularly suitable for connecting the pvc pipe that is used as pipeline 232 usually.
Also can with pipeline that reactor is connected on diffuser is installed, for example on those pipelines that other reactors of reactor and reactor assembly are linked to each other, diffuser is installed.In addition, also available other suitable devices are introduced these positions with gas.This point is specially adapted to the dump leaching method, because ore particles is not suspended state in leaching liquid in this method.
The material that available method of the present invention and reactor assembly are handled, the concentrate that comprises ore, obtains from ore, mine tailing, waste residue and other contain the material of enough amounts of metal, as long as obtain metal from these processing and have an economic benefit, or remove metal or remove environment or the deleterious metal of other treating processess from these materials.Be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to handle sulfide.
Metallic material may need pre-treatment, for example it is crushed to enough small sizes, and it can be ground in conventional milling apparatus such as ball mill.
Usually, solid abrasive that will oxidation becomes enough thin particle size, makes gas it can be maintained suspended state effectively, and does not obviously deposit in the bottom of reactor.Need be ground to suitable particle size distribution meets this requirement.The granularity of grinding the back product 90% is 50 μ m or littler preferably.In another embodiment of the present invention, be preferably with super grinder mineral or other metallic materials ground, make its granularity have 80% less than 2 μ m to 80% less than 30 μ m.The particulate minimum particle size is with grinding actual accessible granularity.Grain graininess should be selected to the best, makes solid maintain suspended state and is suitable for carrying out bacterial oxidation.
Usually, after pulverizing and/or grinding, can come material is carried out with gravity concentration, flotation or other beneficiation methods selected, in order to increase the ratio of sulfide in the product or other required mineral.Handle the residue concentrate that other processes produce but this method is applicable to too, not necessarily need to grind pre-treatment this moment.
To break into slurries through the containing metal ore or the best use solution of concentrate (especially water) mixing of grinding.Come the slurries of self-grind can add the water dilution, be pumped into the reaction zone that will carry out biological oxidation process.The pulp density of introducing reactor slurry of the present invention is extremely important to reaching purpose of the present invention, range of choice be 5-15% or more than.Pulp density lower (as above-mentioned) can realize effective bacterial activity, because the too high toxic effect of ionic concn, and bacterium also can be subjected to mechanical mill.Very low ion concns is low helps lend some impetus to leaching for shearing force.Preferably, be together the form of bacterium with culture to be joined in the reactor with mineral in advance, bacterium has grown into sufficient amount and makes in every liter of ore pulp and have 10 in the culture
5-10
9Individual bacterium is good.Can bacterium be remained in the reactor by the way or the braking method of practicality.
Hold-time in reactor is preferably 2-8 days.Hold-time can be grown and be used for handling the material (needing the more long process time) that grinds not really carefully, perhaps oxidation and the dissolving metal in order to realize higher degree a bit.Can change the gas volume of introducing ore pulp by the hold-time, but and it is nonessential.
Usually carrying out bacterial oxidation in the acidic solution that is fit to used concrete bacterium (as thiobacillus) growth handles.The pH scope of expecting is 0.5-3.0, and 0.8-2.5 is preferable.When beginning to handle, need the initial acid that just add, in order in and the mineral of consumption acids, and pH maintained required scope.Can produce acidic by-products during the sulfide mineral oxidation, thereby pH may descend to some extent in treating processes.If desired, can controlledly add alkali or alkaline reagents (as lime, Wingdale or any other suitable alkali), thereby pH is maintained required scope.
When material to be processed is not sulfide, can under alkaline condition, react.Should remain on pH the level that is fit to concrete leaching condition this moment.
Keeping bacterium can need to add nutrition and keep its growth.Usually the nutrition that is added to reaction zone is the material of nitrogenous, sulphur and phosphorus, as ammonium sulfate, phosphorodithioic acid potassium and sal epsom.In addition, concrete ore and concentrate are also needed other nutrition, this is known in the art.
In addition, the oxidation of sulfide mineral is an exothermic process, wants release of heat in bacterium is impelled the process of mineral oxidation.This may be a problem when milling of ores, especially handles when being rich in the concentrate of sulfide.In this case, the heat of release can make in the reactor temperature of ore pulp rise to be higher than the temperature that bacterium (especially thiobacillus) can be born.The thermotolerance of sulfolobus solfataricus is better.So reactor possesses cooling system usually.Water is suitable refrigerant, and cooling system can be direct refrigerative, the bottom of coolant water being introduced reactor.Also can cool off indirectly with the heat exchanging apparatus of routine.For example, can produce cold water, it be fed spiral coil cooling tube, tube bank or be fit to be contained in allied equipment in the reactor by cooling tower.Tube bank and coil pipe are very suitable not stirred or mixed under the strong eddy current situation that is produced by blade.Under and the situation that liquid surface area is bigger less, can use the evaporative condenser agent in the reaction reservoir degree of depth.Refrigerant can be enough speed introduce, in order to helping that solid is maintained suspended state, and make up water is offset vaporization losses.
What more generally use is the temperature controlling system with heating/refrigerating function.The position of temperature controlling system and characteristic are inside or outside, directly or indirect all variable, so as to the required temperature control of realization response device.For example, when using thermophile bacteria, may need to be heated to 60 ℃.
Below exemplify other purposes of some this method, but unrestricted effect:
Produce iron ion
Method of the present invention is applicable to the ferrous ion in the solution is changed into ferric ion that ferric ion can react with mineral (as uranium mineral), thereby separates out the metal that economic worth is arranged.
Processing contains manganese ore
Can mix the processing of carrying out manganese ore with metal sulphide, used bacterial oxidation parameter as mentioned above.
In addition, pH can be controlled between 4-8, with enterobacteria microorganism leaching manganese ore.
Remove the sulphur in the coal
The pyrite mineral often exist jointly with coal, and people remove pyrite with the bacterial oxidation of chemolithotrophic bacterium, reduce sulphur content in the coal.Available method of the present invention is come sulphur removal, and used bacterial oxidation parameter as mentioned above.
Since haggle in advance with investment of method of the present invention and reactor assembly and running cost low, so the rank of used ore, concentrate or other metal-containing material can be hanged down with similar reactor assembly than being used for steel basin.
Can understand the present invention more completely from the description of following embodiment.
The embodiment A inert material
Test the situation of simulated sulfuration ores and concentrate with a kind of inert material.
The plate-like membrane type diffuser that the slurries (wherein grain graininess 90% is less than 16 μ m) of 10% weight percentage are made with many EPOM synthetic rubber (commodity of buying from Nopol ＇ s are called PIK300) of dense arrangement injects thin air filled cavity, makes and keep uniform suspension in groove.The diameter of diffuser dish is 304 millimeters, and placing diameter to be 1.4 meters high is the bottom of 4 meters groove.The height of groove is similar to the industry use.
For preventing that the required air flow quantity of solid precipitation is at least 2.4Nm
3/ h/ diffuser.This required air flow quantity is in the operating restraint of manufacturer recommendation.
The solid that slows down or be damaged and precipitate because of air-flow is when flow resets to 2.4Nm
3/ h/ diffuser or when higher, just resuspension gets up again.
These results show under the identical operations condition, and particle also can keep suspended state less than the slurries of typical case through grinding sulfide concentrate of 12 μ m on 90%.
The operational condition of air flow quantity is set to corresponding to every cubic metre of 1.5 kilograms of oxygen requirements, and this is equivalent to the oxygen requirement that sulfide mineral carries out bacterial oxidation.
Embodiment B contains the leaching of golden infusibility sulfide concentrate
To contain mispickel and pyritous gold ore sample and be ground to 80% particulate diameter less than 15 microns.
The biooxidation reactions device that conventional acid resisting material is made, its volume is 200 liters, in its bottom the described membrane type diffuser of embodiment A has been installed.Being supplied air to diffuser by the flow that abrasive solid maintains suspended state.Do not use other agitators.
Water collective concentrate powder, produce 10% ore pulp of (with weight to volumeter).Adding sulfuric acid in ore pulp, to keep acidity be pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds about 5 liters of inoculation ore pulps that contain concentrate and moderate thermophilic bacteria mixture.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the ore pulp.
Reactor heating then, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is 48 ℃ (scopes of moderate thermophilic bacteria).
With a standard compression machine by band rate of flow meter of valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser, to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.Take the ore pulp sample every day, measure the amount of oxidation of mispickel/sulphur ore.
| Time (my god) | Amount of oxidation (%) | |
| Arsenic | Iron | |
| ????6 | ????100 | ????na |
| ????32 | ????100 | ????94 |
| Analytical results (wt%) | |||
| ????As | ????Fe | ????S 2- | |
| Initial concentration | ????3.05 | ???21.0 | ???23.0 |
| The final residue thing | ????0.03 | ????0.4 | ????0.1 |
| Oxidation (%) | ?????99 | ?????96 | ????99 |
S
2-Be the amount of the sulfide sulfur of existence, it is determining the whole amount of oxidation of generation.Analysis based on to residue draws amount of oxidation.
Leach the gold that extracts in the residue with conventional prussiate then.Residue analysis is 67g gold/ton, shows that wherein 99% gold extracts with cyanide process.
The leaching of Embodiment C copper ore concentrates
The copper ore concentrates sample (being designated as " CP1 ") that will contain chalcopyrite is ground to 80% particulate diameter less than 10 microns.
Equally, be 200 liters biooxidation reactions device at maximum volume, the described membrane type diffuser of embodiment A is installed in the bottom.With can will be maintained suspended state and keep the flow supply air of bacteria oxygen demand by abrasive solid.Do not use other agitators.
Water collective concentrate powder, the ore pulp of generation 5% (weight is to volumeter).In ore pulp, add sulfuric acid and keep acidity at pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds about 5 liters of inoculation ore pulps that contain concentrate and moderate thermophilic bacteria mixture.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the ore pulp.
Then reactor is placed the room of a heating, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is at 48 ℃.
With a standard compression machine by band rate of flow meter of valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser, to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.Take the ore pulp sample every day, measure the amount of oxidation of mispickel/sulphur ore.
Embodiment D is many, and D.1 metal concentrate leaches with mesophilic bacteria
| Condition | ???CP1 | |
| Copper content (%) | ???18 | |
| Copper extracted amount (%) | Only carrying out acidleach gets | ????4 |
| Copper extracted amount (%) | Carry out the bacterial oxidation leaching with moderate thermophilic bacteria | ???84 |
In the present embodiment, used reactor diameter 125mm, high 1.7m.The described diffuser of embodiment A is installed on the bottom of reactor.
The many metal concentrates of the mixing that contains the sulfide mineral mixture (entitling is " M1 ") sample is carried out bio-oxidation, extract zinc, nickel, copper and cobalt.Concentrate contains the nickel mineral nickel chalcopyrite, also contains nickel in the structure of mineral magnetic chalcopyrite.Copper mainly exists with the form of chalcopyrite, but also has copper glance and purple copper.Zinc exists with zink sulphide.Cobalt metal combines with nickel mineral, and also exists as nickel mineral.Concentrate is ground to 80% particulate diameter less than 15 microns.
Water collective concentrate powder, the ore pulp of generation 10% (weight is to volumeter).In ore pulp, add sulfuric acid and keep acidity at pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds the inoculation ore pulp of about half liter of concentrate and mesophilic bacteria (thiobacillus ferrooxidant and thiobacillus thiooxidans) mixture.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the ore pulp.
Then reactor is placed the room of a heating, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is at 35 ℃.
With a standard compression machine by the rate of flow meter of band valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.Concentrate is oxidized, and metal enters into solution.Analyze the part of ore pulp and measure the METAL EXTRACTION amount.After reaction is finished, separate solid phase and liquid phase, and analytical solution and solid.
| Condition | ????M1 | |
| Copper content (%) | ???5.7 | |
| Nickel content (%) | ???0.9 | |
| Cobalt contents (%) | ???0.06 | |
| Zinc content (%) | ???0.21 | |
| Sulphur amount of oxidation (%) | ????98 | |
| Copper extracted amount (%) | Carry out the bacterial oxidation leaching with thermoduric bacteria | ????92 |
| Nickel extracted amount (%) | ????97 | |
| Cobalt extracted amount (%) | ????97 | |
| Zinc extracted amount (%) | ????95 |
D.2 leach with moderate thermophilic bacteria
In the present embodiment, used reactor diameter 125mm, high 1.7m.The described diffuser of embodiment A is installed on the bottom of reactor.
The many metal concentrates of the mixing of sulfur compound mineral intermixture (entitling is " M2 ") sample is carried out bio-oxidation, extract zinc, nickel, copper and cobalt.Concentrate contains the nickel mineral nickel chalcopyrite, also contains nickel in the structure of mineral magnetic chalcopyrite.Copper mainly exists with the form of chalcopyrite, but also has copper glance and purple copper.Zinc exists with zink sulphide.Cobalt metal combines with nickel mineral, and also exists as nickel mineral.Concentrate is ground to 80% particulate diameter less than 15 microns.
Water collective concentrate powder, the ore pulp of generation 10% (weight is to volumeter).In ore pulp, add sulfuric acid and keep acidity at pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds about half liter of inoculation ore pulp that contains ore concentrate and moderate thermophilic bacteria (thiobacillus ferrooxidant and thiobacillus thiooxidans) mixture.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the ore pulp.
Then reactor is placed the room of a heating, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is at 47 ℃.
With a standard compression machine by the rate of flow meter of band valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.Concentrate is oxidized, and metal enters into solution.Analyze the part of ore pulp and measure the METAL EXTRACTION amount.After reaction is finished, separate solid phase and liquid phase, and analytical solution and solid.
| Condition | ??M2 | |
| Copper content (%) | ?7.3 | |
| Nickel content (%) | ?0.8 | |
| Cobalt contents (%) | ?0.05 | |
| Zinc content (%) | ?0.24 | |
| Sulphur amount of oxidation (%) | ??77 | |
| Copper extracted amount (%) | Only get with acidleach | ??12 |
| Nickel extracted amount (%) | ??10 | |
| Cobalt extracted amount (%) | ??13 | |
| Zinc extracted amount (%) | ??24 | |
| Copper extracted amount (%) | Carry out the bacterial oxidation leaching with thermoduric bacteria | ??93 |
| Nickel extracted amount (%) | ??98 | |
| Cobalt extracted amount (%) | ??97 | |
| Zinc extracted amount (%) | ??96 |
In the present embodiment, used reactor diameter 40mm, high 1.0m.The sintered polymer diffuser that can buy is installed on the bottom of reactor.
The many metal concentrates of the mixing of sulfur compound mineral intermixture (called after " M3 ") sample is carried out bio-oxidation, to extract zinc, nickel, copper and cobalt.Concentrate contains the nickel mineral nickel chalcopyrite, also contains nickel in the structure of mineral magnetic chalcopyrite.Copper mainly exists with the form of chalcopyrite, but also has copper glance and purple copper.Zinc exists with zink sulphide.Cobalt metal combines with nickel mineral, and also exists as nickel mineral.Concentrate is ground to 80% particulate diameter less than 15 microns.
Water collective concentrate powder, the ore pulp of generation 3% (weight is to volumeter).In ore pulp, add sulfuric acid and keep acidity at pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds the inoculation ore pulp that about 100ml contains ore concentrate and thermophile bacteria (sulfolobus solfataricus) mixture.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the ore pulp.
Then reactor is placed the room of a heating, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is at 70 ℃.
With a standard compression machine by the rate of flow meter of band valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.Concentrate is oxidized, and metal enters into solution.Analyze the part of ore pulp and measure the METAL EXTRACTION amount.After reaction is finished, separate solid phase and liquid phase, and analytical solution and solid.
| Condition | ??M3 | |
| Copper content (%) | ??5.0 | |
| Nickel content (%) | ??0.78 | |
| Cobalt contents (%) | ??0.07 | |
| Zinc content (%) | ??0.67 | |
| Sulphur amount of oxidation (%) | ???84 | |
| Copper extracted amount (%) | Carry out the bacterial oxidation leaching with thermoduric bacteria | ???99 |
| Nickel extracted amount (%) | ??100 | |
| Cobalt extracted amount (%) | ???98 | |
| Zinc extracted amount (%) | ???97 |
The embodiment E zinc ore concentrate
In the present embodiment, the diameter 40mm of used biooxidation reactions device, high 1.0m.The sintered polymer diffuser that embodiment is D.3 used is loaded on the bottom of reactor.
Handle zinc ore concentrate (called after " Z1 ") the sample extraction zinc of sulfur compound mineral intermixture.The contained zinc of concentrate exists with zink sulphide.The lead sulfide that also contains the plumbous rock in the side of being in the sample.Concentrate is ground to 80% particulate diameter less than 15 microns.
Water collective concentrate powder, the ore pulp of generation 5% (weight is to volumeter).In ore pulp, add sulfuric acid and keep acidity at pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds the inoculation ore pulp of about half liter of concentrate and moderate thermophilic bacteria (thiobacillus ferrooxidant and thiobacillus thiooxidans) mixture.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the ore pulp.
Reactor heating then, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is at 48 ℃.
With a standard compression machine by the rate of flow meter of band valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.Concentrate is oxidized, and zinc enters into solution.A part of liquid of analyzing ore pulp is measured the extracted amount of zinc.
| Condition | Z1 | |
| Zinc content (%) | 25 | |
| Sulphur amount of oxidation (%) | 60 | |
| Zinc extracted amount (%) | Carry out the bacterial oxidation leaching with moderate thermophilic bacteria | 97 |
Embodiment F changes into ferric iron with ferrous iron
In the reactor of the high 1.0m of diameter 25mm, carry out another experiment.With embodiment D.3 with E in used sintered polymer diffuser be loaded on the bottom of reactor.
The ferrous sulfate sample is added in the reactor, dilute with water, the concentration that obtains iron is 9g/l.Slurries in reactor add sulfuric acid and keep acidity at pH1.2.Ore pulp in reactor adds the bacterium (sulfolobus solfataricus) that bites very much heat, and this bacterium is to be extracted in solution on the filter paper that they and other are residual earlier to separate.The nutritional blend that will comprise Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate subsequently is added in the slurries.
Reactor heating then, the temperature maintenance that makes ore pulp is at 70 ℃.
With a standard compression machine by the rate of flow meter of band valve and the pipeline that communicates with diffuser to the reactor bubbling air.
The flow of control air makes diffuser emit stable bubble flow.Air is used for particle is maintained suspended state, simultaneously to the bacterial cultures oxygen supply.Do not use other agitators in the reactor.
The oxidized ferric iron that changes into of ferrous iron in the solution as a result.Measure ferrous inversion quantity with dichromate titration.
Do not going out under the scope situation of the present invention, can also can do some improvement and variation method of the present invention and reactor assembly.
Claims (16)
1. one kind with the method for bio-oxidation from metallic salvage material metal, it is characterized in that, described method be included in need not churned mechanically reactor in, with handling the slurries that contain this material from the bacterium of described metallic material extraction metal; , with the slurries in the oxygen containing gas introducing reactor described material is maintained suspended state and keeps the vitality of bacterium by inflation mechanism.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, with the bubble of controlled dimensions described gas is introduced described slurries.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described inflation mechanism comprises at least a following diffuser that is selected from: tubulose, hemispherical, ring-type and discous diffuser.
4. as the described method of preceding arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that described reactor is no rake formula.
5. as the described method of preceding arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that the gas of described introducing reactor also contains carbonic acid gas.
6. as the described method of preceding arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that described bacterial cultures comprises at least a following microorganism that is selected from: thiobacillus ferrooxidant, thiobacillus thiooxidans, ferricoxidans, sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, Bu Shi sulfolobus solfataricus, BC sulfolobus solfataricus and sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
7. as the described method of preceding arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that described metallic material contains at least a following metal: non-ferrous iron Base Metal, precious metal and rare earth.
8. a reactor is characterized in that, can operate by the described method of above-mentioned arbitrary claim.
9. a bio-oxidation is handled the reactor assembly of metal-containing material, it is characterized in that, described reactor assembly comprises at least one no rake formula reactor, reactor respectively has inflation mechanism, be used for oxygen containing gas is introduced reactor, thereby described metallic material is maintained suspended state, and keep the vitality of bacterium.
10. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described at least one reactor is groove or jar.
11. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described at least one reactor comprises the reservoir with impenetrable liquid barrier lining.
12., it is characterized in that described at least one reactor has feed end and discharge end, and there is a bottom to declivity the bottom of reactor towards discharge end as claim 10 or 11 arbitrary described reactor assemblies.
13., it is characterized in that described inflation mechanism comprises at least one diffuser as the arbitrary described reactor assembly of claim 9-12.
14. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described each diffuser is loaded near the reactor bottom.
15. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described diffuser is tubulose, hemispherical, ring-type or discous diffuser.
16., it is characterized in that described inflation mechanism is positioned on the pipeline that communicates with described at least one reactor as the arbitrary described reactor assembly of claim 9-15.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPP7180 | 1998-11-18 | ||
| AUPP7180A AUPP718098A0 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 1998-11-18 | Bioxidation process and apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1331759A true CN1331759A (en) | 2002-01-16 |
Family
ID=3811389
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99814694A Pending CN1331759A (en) | 1998-11-18 | 1999-10-22 | Bio-oxidation process and appts. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USH2140H1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1331759A (en) |
| AU (1) | AUPP718098A0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2350476A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2192975B1 (en) |
| GT (1) | GT200000055A (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01005009A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000029629A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200103916B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1318618C (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2007-05-30 | Bhp比尔顿有限公司 | Delivery system for heap bioleaching |
| CN102277490A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2011-12-14 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Biological column leaching device |
| CN103173614A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | High-temperature biological heap leaching method of primary copper sulphide ores |
| CN106661662A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-05-10 | 研究和利用乔治克劳德工艺过程液化空气公司 | Bioleaching method and facility |
| CN107641713A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 新疆大学 | A kind of agitator of biological oxidation pretreatment method for golden ore concentrate hard to treat |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU775042B2 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2004-07-15 | Billiton Intellectual Property B.V. | Bioleaching of sulphide minerals |
| US7455715B2 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2008-11-25 | Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. | Heap bioleaching process for the extraction of zinc |
| CA2353002C (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2009-12-01 | Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. | Heap bioleaching process for the extraction of zinc |
| EP1644542B1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2011-11-02 | Mintek | Oxidative leach process |
| WO2009103025A2 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Biometallix, Llc | Reactor for extracting metals from metal sulfide containing materials and methods of use |
| MX2011011147A (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-22 | Servicios Condumex Sa | Bioleaching bioreactor with a system for injection and diffusion of air. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1019003A (en) * | 1911-01-13 | 1912-02-27 | Gustav Aminoff | Absorption apparatus. |
| SU998549A1 (en) * | 1981-10-12 | 1983-02-23 | Уральский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Медной Промышленности "Унипромедь" | Method for leaching sulfide ores and concentrates |
| CA1214043A (en) | 1983-01-26 | 1986-11-18 | Albert Bruynesteyn | Biological-acid leach process |
| US5007620A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1991-04-16 | Envirotech Corporation | Apparatus for biological processing of metal-containing ores |
| US4974816A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1990-12-04 | Envirotech Corporation | Method and apparatus for biological processing of metal-containing ores |
| US5093047A (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1992-03-03 | Roediger Pittsburgh, Inc. | Gas diffuser |
| US5102104A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1992-04-07 | U.S. Gold Corporation | Biological conversion apparatus |
| US5332559A (en) | 1991-07-10 | 1994-07-26 | Newmont Gold Co. | Biooxidation process for recovery of metal values from sulphur-containing ore materials |
| US5143543A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1992-09-01 | U.S. Gold Corporation | Biological conversion method |
| US5873927A (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1999-02-23 | Echo Bay Mines, Limited | Integrated, tank/heap biooxidation process |
| AU749366B2 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2002-06-27 | M.I.M. Holdings Limited | Silver catalysed leaching of chalcopyrite ore |
| US6207443B1 (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2001-03-27 | Placer Dome, Inc. | Method for initiating heap bioleaching of sulfidic ores |
-
1998
- 1998-11-18 AU AUPP7180A patent/AUPP718098A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1999
- 1999-10-22 CA CA002350476A patent/CA2350476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-22 WO PCT/AU1999/000917 patent/WO2000029629A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-22 CN CN99814694A patent/CN1331759A/en active Pending
- 1999-10-22 US US09/831,579 patent/USH2140H1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-22 ES ES200150044A patent/ES2192975B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-22 MX MXPA01005009A patent/MXPA01005009A/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-04-26 GT GT200000055A patent/GT200000055A/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-05-15 ZA ZA200103916A patent/ZA200103916B/en unknown
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1318618C (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2007-05-30 | Bhp比尔顿有限公司 | Delivery system for heap bioleaching |
| CN102277490A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2011-12-14 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Biological column leaching device |
| CN102277490B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-05-29 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Biological column leaching device |
| CN103173614A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | High-temperature biological heap leaching method of primary copper sulphide ores |
| CN106661662A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-05-10 | 研究和利用乔治克劳德工艺过程液化空气公司 | Bioleaching method and facility |
| CN107641713A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 新疆大学 | A kind of agitator of biological oxidation pretreatment method for golden ore concentrate hard to treat |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AUPP718098A0 (en) | 1998-12-17 |
| GT200000055A (en) | 2001-10-18 |
| USH2140H1 (en) | 2006-01-03 |
| MXPA01005009A (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| WO2000029629A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| CA2350476A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| ES2192975B1 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| ES2192975A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
| ZA200103916B (en) | 2003-01-29 |
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