CN1328250A - Colour graphics expressing colours of three-element alloy system and its making method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a color graphic representing the color of a ternary alloy system and a manufacturing method thereof. Firstly, a spectrophotometer is used to measure the ternary system alloy to obtain the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* , b ^* of the alloy, and then pass Computer data processing and graphics processing, drawing a set of color chromaticity parameter triangles: L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, b ^* -triangle and C ^* -triangle, and then using graphics editing technology to synthesize and characterize the ternary alloy color colored color-triangle. The color graphs obtained by the invention not only quantitatively provide the magnitude of the chromaticity parameters of the ternary alloys, but also qualitatively display the corresponding color conditions of the alloys. The chromaticity parameter database and the color-triangular diagram of common art alloys or decorative alloys can be established by adopting the invention, which has positive guiding significance and high reference value for industries whose main design index is color.

Description

Color figure representing the color of ternary alloy system and its manufacturing method

Technical field:

The invention uses a method for making color graphics representing the color of the ternary alloy system to intuitively and accurately depict the color of the ternary alloy system. , The development of imitation cupronickel alloy has positive guiding significance and high reference value, and also has a certain reference effect for textiles, paints, dyes and other departments.

Background technique

With the improvement of the quality of life and the intensification of market competition, people not only have higher and higher requirements for the internal quality of products, but also begin to pay attention to their surface color. People are no longer satisfied with the single tin bronze color of copper statues, and have begun to study rose red, golden yellow, silver white and cyan alloys; decorative gold alloys have developed from the single golden yellow in the past to colored gold alloys; the colors of the coatings are also colorful , too beautiful to behold. It can be seen that in industries such as culture and art, architecture, statues, decoration, and surface treatment, surface color is one of the important indicators of design.

For the color of metal, it is usually evaluated by visual inspection with the naked eye and descriptions with color terms such as red, yellow, and blue. However, due to differences in the spectral response of each person's eyes and differences in visual adaptability, different people have different perceptions of the same hue. Therefore, different people may use different languages to describe the same color of the same substance. For example, the color of binary brass with 10% zinc has "bronze-golden", "yellowish red", etc. " and "golden yellow" and other different text expressions. It can be seen that the so-called "red" and "blue" are qualitative and subjective color expression methods. The naked eye visual inspection and qualitative evaluation of the color can not only accurately describe the color of the material, but also lack unity, standardization and comparability. , and it cannot quantitatively express the amount of color perception, and cannot quantitatively study the influence of ingredients on the surface color of alloys.

German R M published an article entitled "Color and Color Stability as Alloy Design Criteria" in "Journal of Metals", Volume 32, Issue 2, 1980, quantitatively determining the color of Au-Ag-Cu alloys , obtained L ^* , a ^* , b ^* triangle diagram and color diagram. One of the disadvantages of the color representation method in this document is that the L ^* , a ^* , b ^* triangle diagram does not show the physical meaning or connotation of the chromaticity parameters. The second disadvantage is the definition of hue in the color triangle diagram, such as copper red, red yellow, yellow And the subjectivity of yellowish and the subjectivity of the color area boundary, the third disadvantage is that the color of the alloy is not intuitively indicated by the colored triangle diagram. In 1994, TRANSACTIONS OF Nfsoc (Journal of Nonferrous Metals of China) published an article entitled "Color Characteristics of Cu-Zn-Al Alloys" on Volume 4, Issue 3. From the perspective of developing imitation gold materials, it was determined that Zn≤50 %, Al≤14% Cu-Zn-Al ternary alloy chromaticity parameters, also drawn L ^* , a ^* , b ^* triangle diagram and color triangle diagram to represent the color of the alloy, but the above shortcomings still have no improvement .

In the existing technology and data, there is no color map that presents the color of the ternary alloy system, and the chromaticity parameters and specific hues of the ternary alloy system are not given on the same map, and the alloy cannot be displayed intuitively. Quantitative and qualitative results of color.

Contents of the invention

The invention draws the L ^* -triangle, a*-triangle, b ^* -triangle, ^{C* -triangle} and color-triangle diagrams of the ternary alloy system through a method for making color graphics representing the color of the ternary alloy system. Through this method, the color database of different ternary alloy systems can be established, which is convenient for directly understanding and querying the colors and chromaticity parameters corresponding to different alloys, which is beneficial to scientific research and production.

The specific manufacturing method of the color graphics representing the color of the ternary alloy system comprises the following steps:

1. Determination of alloy system and composition range to be tested, selection of test alloy and sample preparation

2. Selection of color expression system

The CIE LAB color system is selected, and the color of the alloy is described by the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* . L ^* is the lightness of the color, L ^* = 0 means black, L ^* = 100 means white or total reflection color; a ^* > 0 means that the surface color of the object contains red components, a ^* < 0 means that the surface color of the object contains green components ; b ^* > 0 means that the surface color of the object contains yellow components; b ^* < 0 means that the surface color of the object contains blue components.

Chroma C ^* is the visual perception characteristic of the distance equal brightness colorless point to express the shade of the surface color of the object. The larger the C ^* , the greater the saturation of the color. In the CIE1976 (L ^* a ^* b ^* ) color space, the chroma C ^* of the color is expressed by the following formula

C ^* ＝(a ^*2 ＋b ^*2 ) ^1/2

3. Alloy color measurement and calculation

Using a spectrophotometer, measure the reflective properties of the alloy to be tested. The spectrophotometer is the most basic instrument in color measurement. It can measure the spectrum of the sample by quantitatively comparing the monochromatic radiation power reflected by the "standard" (reference object) of certain known spectral characteristics and the sample at the same wavelength. The reflectance is calculated to obtain the tristimulus value of the sample color. $x=K\&Integral;S\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\stackrel{-}{x}\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}$ $Y=K\&Integral;S\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{the\; y}}\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}$ $Z=K\&Integral;S\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\stackrel{-}{z}\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}$

In the formula, S(λ) is the spectral distribution of the light source; p(λ) is the spectral reflectance of the object; x(λ), y(λ), z(λ) are the spectral tristimulus values of the standard observer.

XYZ (or X ₁₀ Y ₁₀ Z ₁₀ ) are the most basic parameters for characterizing colors, and they are assumed ideal three primary colors. The color data L ^* , a ^* and b ^* of the CIE LAB color space are converted from these three parameters.

When X/X _n or Y/Y _n or Z/Z _n is greater than 0.008856

L ^* ＝116(Y/Y _n ) ^1/3 -16 (Y/Y _n ＞0.008856)

a ^* ＝500[(X/X _n ) ^1/3 - (Y/Y _n ) ^1/3 ] (X/X _n ＞0.008856)

b ^* ＝200[(Y/Y _n ) ^1/3 - (Z/Z _n ) ^1/3 ] (Z/Z _n ＞0.008856)

In the formula, X, Y, and Z are the tristimulus values of the color sample; X _n , Y _n , and Z _n are the values of white stimuli that are irradiated by the standard illuminator on the complete diffuse reflector, and then reflected to the observer's eyes through the complete diffuse reflector. Tristimulus values.

When X/X _n or Y/Y _n or Z/Z _n is less than 0.008856

L ^* ＝903.3Y/ _Yn (Y/ _Yn ＜0.008856)

a ^* ＝383.5(X/ _Xn －Y/ _Yn ) (X/ _Xn ＜0.008856)

b ^* ＝1557.4(Y/ _Yn －Z/ _Zn ) (Z/ _Zn ＜0.008856)

At present, the automatic spectrophotometer can not only measure the spectral reflectance or spectral radiance factor of the sample, but also directly give the tristimulus value of the color and other chromaticity parameters such as L ^* , a ^* , b ^* , etc.

4. Computer data processing

Input the composition of the test alloy and the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* into the computer, calculate the chromaticity C ^* , and convert the content of each test alloy into the coordinates of the corresponding points in the equilateral triangle of the rectangular coordinate system.

5. Computer drawing of colored L ^* -triangles, a ^* -triangles, b ^* -triangles and C ^* -triangles

Using computer drawing and graphic editing techniques, the graphs of chromaticity parameters changing with components are obtained: L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, b ^* -triangle and C ^* -triangle. This figure not only gives the quantitative data of L ^* , a ^* , b ^* and C ^* of ternary alloys with different compositions, but also describes the color parameters of the alloy qualitatively. represent the physical meaning.

6. Draw a colored color-triangle representing the color of the ternary alloy system

Edit and synthesize the above-mentioned L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, and b ^* -triangle by using a computer to obtain a colored color-triangle representing the color of the ternary alloy system. This figure not only quantitatively gives the chromaticity parameter of the ternary alloy system , and qualitatively display the color status corresponding to the alloy.

This production method can draw L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, b ^* -triangle, C ^* -triangle and color-triangle graphs, these color graphs not only give L ^* , a ^* , b ^* and C ^* The size of the numerical value, and depicts the law of chromaticity parameters and color changes with the composition, and at the same time shows the color state of the ternary alloy and the black and white degree, red-green degree, yellow-blue degree and color saturation of the surface color.

Using this method, the chromaticity parameter database and color-triangular diagram of common art alloys or decorative alloys can be established, which has positive guiding significance for industries that use color as the main design index, especially for the development of imitation gold, imitation silver, and imitation cupronickel alloys With high reference value, it also has a certain reference effect on textiles, paints, dyes and other departments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a color chromaticity parameter triangle describing lightness L ^* , chromaticity a ^* , b ^* and chromaticity C ^* of Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy system drawn according to the method of the present invention.

where (a), a ^* - triangle; (b), b ^* - triangle; (c), C ^* - triangle; (d), L ^* - triangle.

Figure 1 not only gives the quantitative data of the chromaticity parameters of ternary alloys with different compositions, but also intuitively expresses the red (green) color composition, yellow composition and color saturation in the alloy color. It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of Mn, the red and yellow components in the surface color decrease, the color saturation decreases, and the alloy transitions from colored to achromatic; at the same time, the addition of Mn reduces the lightness and darkens the alloy. With the increase of Zn, the red component in the surface color first decreases and then increases, and reaches the lowest value around 30%; the influence of Zn on the b ^* value is much weaker than that of Mn, when the content of Mn is small (less than 5%wt) , the yellow component of the alloy first increases and then decreases with the increase of Zn, and reaches the maximum at about 30%; when the Mn content is large (> 10%wt), the b ^* value is basically not affected by the Zn content.

Figure 2 is a colored color-triangle representing the color of the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy system.

Figure 2 shows the size and color state of the chromaticity parameters of the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy on one graph. The corresponding color of each alloy is clear at a glance. For example, the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy of Cu>90%wt is copper red, the alloy of Mn<10%wt, Zn=20-30%wt is pure yellow, and the alloy of Mn>25%wt is pure yellow. The surface of wt Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy is silver gray.

Detailed ways

The following takes the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy system as an example to introduce the method of making the color-triangle of the ternary alloy system.

1. Determination of alloy system and composition range to be tested, selection of test alloy and sample preparation

Select the Cu-Mn-Zn alloy system, and study the color of the alloy in the range of Cu≥50%wt, Mn≤50%wt, Zn≤50%wt. In the concentration triangle of Cu≥50%wt, a test point is taken approximately every 5%, and a total of 46 test components are taken. The sample is melted and cast in a high-temperature resistance furnace and a corundum crucible, and finally polished with 600# water sandpaper and cleaned with alcohol for later use. The color measurement is carried out within 24 hours after the sample is polished and cleaned.

2. Selection of color expression system

Adopt CIE1976 (L ^* a ^* b ^* ) color system, use L ^* , a ^* and b ^* to express the color of the alloy, and use the chroma C ^* (C ^* = (a ^*2 + b ^*2 ) ^1/2 ) to express the color degree of saturation.

3. Alloy color measurement and calculation

In this embodiment, the American ELREPHO 2000 automatic spectrophotometer is used to directly measure the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* , and the D65 standard illuminant is selected, the field of view is 10°, and the observation condition is 0/d.

4. Computer data processing

Input the weight percent concentrations of Mn and Zn of the test alloy and the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* into the computer, use Origin software to calculate the chromaticity C ^* , and calculate the content of alloying elements (Mn%, Zn%) Convert to the coordinates (x, y) of the corresponding point in the rectangular coordinate system equilateral triangle, as in the Cu-Mn-Zn triangle of Cu ≥ 50%, its conversion formula is as follows:

x=Mn%+(Zn%)×cos60°

y=(Zn%)×sin60°

5. Computer drawing of colored L ^* -triangles, a ^* -triangles, b ^* -triangles and C ^* -triangles

Axum software was used to plot the changes of chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* , b ^* , C ^* with the components (x, y). Edit the above graphics made by Axum with Photoshop software to obtain L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, b ^* -triangle and C ^* -triangle, as shown in Figure 1.

6. Draw a colored color-triangle representing the color of the Cu-Mn-Zn alloy

Edit and synthesize the above-mentioned L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, and b ^* -triangle by using Photoshop software to obtain a colored color-triangle representing the color of the ternary alloy system, as shown in Figure 2.

Claims (3)

1. A method for producing color graphics representing the color of a ternary alloy system, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Determine the alloy system to be tested and its composition range, select the test alloy and prepare samples: (2) Select the CIELAB color system, use the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* to represent the color of the alloy, and use the chromaticity C ^* = (a ^*2 + b ^*2 ) ^1/2 to represent the degree of saturation of the color; (3), using an automatic spectrophotometer to directly measure the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* values; (4) Input the composition of the test alloy and the chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* into the computer, calculate the chromaticity C ^* , and convert the content of the alloy elements into the corresponding points in the equilateral triangle of the rectangular coordinate system coordinate(x, y); (5), using computer to draw chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* , b ^* , C ^* change graph with components (x, y), and get colored L ^* - triangle, a ^* - triangle, b ^* - triangle and C ^* - triangle; (6) Edit and synthesize the above L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle and b ^* -triangle to obtain a colored color-triangle representing the color of the ternary alloy system. 2. A color graphic representing the color of the ternary alloy system, which is characterized in that it is drawn by a computer according to the composition of the test alloy, the measured alloy chromaticity parameters L ^* , a ^* , b ^* and the calculated chromaticity C ^* The colored L ^* -triangles, a ^* -triangles, b ^* -triangles and C ^* -triangles, as well as the color-color-triangles that represent the color of the ternary alloy system obtained through editing and synthesis, these color graphics not only quantitatively give the ternary It is the size of the chromaticity parameter of the alloy, and qualitatively shows the corresponding color status of the alloy. 3. A color pattern representing the color of the ternary alloy system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the color L ^* -triangle, a ^* -triangle, b ^* obtained by taking Cu-Mn-Zn as the test alloy -triangles, C ^* -triangles and composite colored color-triangles.

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