JP4152786B2 - Method for evaluating metallic feeling of metallic coating film - Google Patents

Description

【００３９】
【表２】

【００４０】
【表３】

【００４１】
【表４】

【００４２】
（２）シルバーメタリック塗膜での反射光の測色方法
（２−１）Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅ ＭＡ６８による測色方法
エックスライト ＩＮＣ．社製 Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅ ＭＡ６８を使用して上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を測色した。測定に関する幾何学的条件は表５の通りである。Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅ ＭＡ６８の幾何学的条件の呼称は本明細書とは異なっている。これはＸ−Ｒｉｔｅ ＭＡ６８の受光角呼称は正反射光位置（本明細書では４５°で表記される）から法線方向へのオフセット角で表現しているためであり、これを対照して表５に示す。なお測定に関しては標準の光としてＤ₆₅、視野角１０度視野にて求めた。測定値を表６および表７に示す。
【００４３】
【表５】

【００４４】
（２−２）ＬＭＲ−１００による測色方法
関西ペイント株式会社製アルコープＬＭＲ−１００を使用して上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を測定した。ＬＭＲ−１００の出力ＩＶは本明細書で記述する輝度感に対応していると考えられる。測定値を表６および表７に示す。
【００４５】
（３）白味感の評価
白味感については、従来の測定機器において目視と一致する評価機器やパラメータが存在しない。そのためここでは上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を目視評価して白味感の強弱順位付けを行った。この順位データの対数値をとって目視白味感とした。結果を表６および表７に示す。
【００４６】
【表６】

【００４７】
【表７】

【００４８】
＜実施例１＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₁＝３０°、θ₂＝２０°、θ₃＝０°、θ₄＝−３０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₁、Ｌ^*θ₂、Ｌ^*θ₃、Ｌ^*θ₄の４７組を変数とみなし、分散共分散行列に基づく主成分分析を行った。計算には日本科学技術研修所製 ＪＵＳＥ−ＳｔａｔＷｏｒｋｓのＪＵＳＥ−ＭＡを用いて演算した。その結果、第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表８のようになった。
【００４９】
【表８】

【００５０】
ここで第１主成分は輝度感のパラメータとして負の相関が出るため正負の符号を逆にし、各主成分を次式にて求めた。式中Ｌ^*θ_nは各測定条件θにおけるＬ^*である。
Ｚ₁＝０．７１３Ｌ^*θ₁−０．１２４Ｌ^*θ₂−０．６０１Ｌ^*θ₃−０．３４１Ｌ^*θ₄
Ｚ₂＝０．４８９Ｌ^*θ₁＋０．７５０Ｌ^*θ₂＋０．４４４Ｌ^*θ₃−０．０３２Ｌ^*θ₄
図２にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図３にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と強い相関（相関係数ｒ＝０．９８４）があり、これはハイライトの明度である輝度感として、Ｚ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と相関が強く（相関係数ｒ＝０．８５６）、白味感のパラメータとして利用可能であることがわかる。
【００５１】
＜実施例２＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₁＝３０°、θ₂＝２０°、θ₄＝−３０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₁、Ｌ^*θ₂、Ｌ^*θ₄の４７組を変数とみなし、実施例１と同様の演算を行った。第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表９のようになった。
【００５２】
【表９】

【００５３】
各主成分を次式にて求めた。
Ｚ₁＝０．９０８Ｌ^*θ₁−０．０６９Ｌ^*θ₂−０．４１２Ｌ^*θ₄
Ｚ₂＝０．１４９Ｌ^*θ₁＋０．９７５Ｌ^*θ₂＋０．１６６Ｌ^*θ₄
図４にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図５にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と強い相関（相関係数ｒ＝０．９８０）がありこれはハイライトの明度である輝度感として、Ｚ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と相関が強く（相関係数ｒ＝０．９０３）白味感のパラメータとして利用可能であることがわかる。
【００５４】
＜実施例３＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₁＝３０°、θ₃＝０°、θ₄＝−３０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₁、Ｌ^*θ₃、Ｌ^*θ₄の４７組を変数とみなし、実施例１と同様の演算を行った。第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表１０のようになった。
【００５５】
【表１０】

【００５６】
ここで第１主成分は輝度感のパラメータとして負の相関が出るため正負の符号を逆にし、各主成分を次式にて求めた。
Ｚ₁＝０．７２６Ｌ^*θ₁−０．５９６Ｌ^*θ₃−０．３４３Ｌ^*θ₄
Ｚ₂＝０．６３８Ｌ^*θ₁＋０．７７０Ｌ^*θ₃＋０．０１２Ｌ^*θ₄
図６にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図７にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と強い相関（相関係数ｒ＝０．９８７）があり、これはハイライトの明度である輝度感として、Ｚ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と相関が強く（相関係数ｒ＝０．８７２）、白味感のパラメータとして利用可能であることがわかる。
【００５７】
＜実施例４＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₁＝３０°、θ₂＝２０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₁、Ｌ^*θ₂の４７組を変数とみなし、実施例１と同様の演算を行った。第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表１１のようになった。
【００５８】
【表１１】

【００５９】
各主成分を次式にて求めた。
Ｚ₁＝０．９９８Ｌ^*θ₁−０．０５６Ｌ^*θ₂
Ｚ₂＝０．０５６Ｌ^*θ₁＋０．９９８Ｌ^*θ₂
図８にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図９にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と強い相関（相関係数ｒ＝０．９７３）がありこれはハイライトの明度である輝度感として、Ｚ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と相関が強く（相関係数ｒ＝０．９０９）白味感のパラメータとして利用可能であることがわかる。
【００６０】
＜実施例５＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₁＝３０°、θ₃＝０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₁、Ｌ^*θ₃の４７組を変数とみなし、実施例１と同様の演算を行った。第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表１２のようになった。
【００６１】
【表１２】

【００６２】
各主成分を次式にて求めた。
Ｚ₁＝０．７７３Ｌ^*θ₁−０．６３５Ｌ^*θ₃
Ｚ₂＝０．６３５Ｌ^*θ₁＋０．７７３Ｌ^*θ₃
図１０にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図１１にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と強い相関（相関係数ｒ＝０．９８７）がありこれはハイライトの明度である輝度感として、Ｚ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と相関が強く（相関係数ｒ＝０．８７２）白味感のパラメータとして利用可能であることがわかる。
【００６３】
＜比較例１＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₂＝２０°、θ₃＝０°、θ₄＝−３０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₂、Ｌ^*θ₃、Ｌ^*θ₄の４７組を変数とみなし、実施例１と同様の演算を行った。第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表１３のようになった。
【００６４】
【表１３】

【００６５】
ここで第１主成分は輝度感のパラメータとして負の相関が出るため正負の符号を逆にし、各主成分を次式にて求めた。
Ｚ₁＝−０．３００Ｌ^*θ₂−０．８５２Ｌ^*θ₃−０．４３０Ｌ^*θ₄
Ｚ₂＝０．８９０Ｌ^*θ₂−０．０８８Ｌ^*θ₃−０．４４７Ｌ^*θ₄
図１２にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図１３にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数の比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と相関はあるものの、実施例で示したものほど高くはない。また、同じくＺ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と若干の相関は見られるものの、Ｚ₂の変化範囲そのものが小さく、評価の指標とはなり難い。このようにデータとして３０°以上４５°未満の受光角領域から選ぶ角度θ₁からのＬ^*θ₁を採用しない場合は本課題を解決するパラメータが得られ難いことがわかる。
【００６６】
＜比較例２＞
上記の（１）に示した条件で作製した４７枚の塗板を用いて、θ₂＝２０°、θ₄＝−３０°とし、Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅによる測色値Ｌ^*データＬ^*θ₂、Ｌ^*θ₄の４７組を変数とみなし、実施例１と同様の演算を行った。第１、第２主成分の固有ベクトルは表１４のようになった。
【００６７】
【表１４】

【００６８】
ここで第１主成分は輝度感のパラメータとして負の相関が出るため正負の符号を逆にし、各主成分を次式にて求めた。
Ｚ₁＝−０．６９２Ｌ^*θ₂−０．７２２Ｌ^*θ₄
Ｚ₂＝０．７２２Ｌ^*θ₂−０．６９２Ｌ^*θ₄
図１４にＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値の比較、図１５にＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較を示す。Ｚ₁はＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値と相関はあるものの、実施例で示したものほど高くはない。また、同じくＺ₂は白味感目視評価値の対数値と若干の相関は見られるものの、実施例で示したものほど高くはない。また、Ｚ₁、Ｚ₂とも、変化範囲そのものが小さく、評価の指標とはなり難い。
【００６９】
このようにデータとして３０°以上４５°未満の受光角領域から選ぶ角度θ₁からのＬ^*θ₁を採用しない場合は本課題を解決するパラメータが得られ難いことがわかる。
【００７０】
上記の測定結果の図２〜図１５で示されるように、本発明のメタリック感の測定方法を用いることにより、メタリック塗膜の重要な指標である輝度感および白味感がお互いの情報に影響されずに測定でき、その値は視観的な「見え」ともよく対応していることが分かる。
【００７１】
また、たとえば実施例１で示した方法において求めた４７試料のＺ₁とＺ₂をＸＹ軸上にプロットすると図１６のようになり、メタリック色の「見え」の特徴を一義的に表現できることがわかる。
【００７２】
今回開示された実施の形態および実施例はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
【００７３】
【発明の効果】
本発明のメタリック塗膜の有するメタリック感の評価方法は、上記従来技術の欠点を解消し、メタリック色の外観を輝度感と白味感という２つのパラメータで簡単にしかも客観的に表現できる、メタリック塗膜の有するメタリック感の評価方法である。
【００７４】
また、本発明のメタリック塗膜の有するメタリック感の評価方法においては、これらの２つのパラメータは、複数の観察角位置からの１つの信号出力に基づき算出されるものであるが、互いに無相関であり、互いの情報が独立しているという特徴を有している。
【００７５】
そして、本発明のメタリック塗膜の有するメタリック感の評価方法は、信号出力の測定単位として、広く産業界で用いられている国際照明委員会のＬ^*値または国際的に公認されているハンターのＬ値を基準にして表色するため、一般的な測色装置を用いて実施でき、汎用性に優れるという意義がある。
【００７６】
さらに、本発明のメタリック塗膜の有するメタリック感の評価方法は、得られた２つのパラメータをＸＹ座標上にプロットすることにより、メタリック色「見え」の特徴を一義的に表示することができるので、特定の意匠を得るための顔料選択の指標となるマップを提供することも可能となるという意義がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明のメタリック塗膜の有するメタリック感の評価方法の概要を示す図である。
【図２】 本発明の実施例１のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図３】 本発明の実施例１のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図４】 本発明の実施例２のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図５】 本発明の実施例２のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図６】 本発明の実施例３のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図７】 本発明の実施例３のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図８】 本発明の実施例４のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図９】 本発明の実施例４のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１０】 本発明の実施例５のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１１】 本発明の実施例５のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１２】 本発明の比較例１のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１３】 本発明の比較例１のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１４】 本発明の比較例２のＺ₁とＬＭＲ−１００のＩＶ値との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１５】 本発明の比較例２のＺ₂と白味感目視順位の対数との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【図１６】 本発明の実施例１のＺ₁とＺ₂との比較の評価結果を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１０１ メタリック塗膜、１０３ フレーク顔料、１０５ 入射光、１０７ 鏡面反射光、１０９ 拡散反射光、１１１ マイナス側、１１３ プラス側。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for evaluating a metallic feeling of a metallic coating film containing a flake pigment such as an aluminum pigment. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for evaluating a metallic feeling of a metallic coating film, in which a brightness feeling and a whiteness feeling are simultaneously measured as an index indicating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, object color evaluation techniques include XYZ color system and X_TenY_TenZ_TenColor system, L^*a^*b^*Color system (CIE LAB), L^*u^*v^*A number of colorimetric methods exist, including the color system (CIE LUV), and are widely used in industry.
[0003]
These color specification methods are particularly useful for the color specification of a solid color, and are parameters for color expression by forming a color specification of an object color or a uniform color space, and there are many colorimetric devices that measure this parameter.
[0004]
On the other hand, metallic coatings using flake pigments, which are often used in color design in recent years, have various “appearances” depending on the geometrical conditions of incident light and observation angle on the coating, and existing colorimetric instruments. Even if the colorimetry is performed using, the colorimetric value under the geometrical optical conditions set by each colorimeter, the “visual” under the same viewing conditions corresponds, but the metallic There was a limit to color expression with a small number of parameters for the overall “appearance” of the coating.
[0005]
The reason for this is that, as shown in FIG. 1, the reflected light of the metallic coating film is strongly reflected from the so-called specular reflection light reflected on the surface of the metallic coating film (or the clear surface on the surface) and the flake pigment oriented in the coating film. This is because it consists of diffusely reflected light including specularly reflected light, and this reflected light changes depending on the light receiving angle, so there is naturally a limit to expressing the “appearance” of the entire coating film with the measured value in one direction.
[0006]
In particular, in the case of silver metallic, examples of the visual “appearance” include a brightness feeling of highlights (intensity information of solid angle near specular reflection light) and a white taste.
[0007]
Regarding these, the value obtained from the signal output at the light receiving angle at which the maximum intensity is obtained except the light of the specular reflection area reflected on the surface of the clear layer among the reflected light of the irradiated laser (IV value (Intensity Value)) ) As a value corresponding to a sense of brightness, or a value (SV value (Scattering Value)) obtained from a signal output at a light receiving angle at which the light intensity is the minimum in the regular reflection region is also diffusely reflected from the flake pigment A method of adopting the strength (whiteness, light scattering property) of the light is also disclosed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0008]
However, in this method, a numerical value above a certain value cannot be obtained, the unit is also a specific dimension, and the use of absolute values is limited. Further, the correlation with the visual sense of whiteness is weak. In addition, the signal output obtained from one angle is composite information including a sense of brightness and whiteness. Even if the brightness and whiteness are evaluated by changing the light receiving angle to be measured, It is impossible to accept the value obtained from the corner as a feeling of brightness or whiteness, which is a single characteristic.
[0009]
Therefore, the present inventor measures the light receiving angle at five fixed points of 30 °, 20 °, 0 °, −30 °, and −65 °, and provides brightness and whiteness by almost the same method as the present invention. A method of evaluation was proposed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2). However, in this method announced by the present inventor, since there are too many measurement locations, information is entangled, and there is a problem in the correlation with the measurement results obtained by other measurement methods including visual observation.
[0010]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Toru Takeuchi, “Laser-type metallic feel measurement device”, Paint Engineering, 1995, Vol. 30, no. 8, p. 339-344
[0011]
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Setoguchi Shunichi, “Pigment Dispersion Stabilization and Surface Treatment Technology / Evaluation”, Technical Information Association, Inc., December 25, 2001, Chapter 7, Section 2, Aluminum Pigment, p. 165-p. 169
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and easily and objectively expresses the metallic color appearance (that is, metallic feeling) of the metallic coating film with two parameters of brightness and whiteness. It is providing the evaluation method of the metallic feeling which a coating film has.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has selected a plurality of silver metallic coated plates having different appearances.^*Measured values at specific light receiving angle positions at 2 to 4 locations, and statistically processed these measured values to examine whether the brightness and whiteness of the coating film can be evaluated on the same coordinates. I made a lot of mistakes. As a result, these 2-4 L^*The principal component analysis is performed assuming that the value is a variable for indicating one appearance, and it is found that the two values can be aggregated into two principal components obtained by obtaining eigenvalues. It was confirmed that the whiteness was sufficiently correlated in comparison with visual observation.
[0014]
Further, as a result of detailed analysis, the present inventor has found that these two principal components are parameters having no correlation with each other, and the eigenvector a of the first principal component is_n(Where n is at least one of 1, and 2, 3 and 4) and the eigenvector b of the second principal component_n(Where n is at least one of 1 and 2, 3 and 4), and the two principal components of the first principal component and the second principal component expressed by a linear combination formula are silver brightness. And the present invention was completed.
[0015]
In the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, the above two parameters are calculated based on one signal output from a plurality of observation angle positions, but are uncorrelated with each other. It is a feature that each other's information is independent.
[0016]
Further, in the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, as a unit for measuring signal output, L of the International Lighting Commission widely used in industry.^*It is significant that the color can be expressed based on the value or the L value of an internationally recognized hunter.
[0017]
Furthermore, in the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, by plotting the two obtained parameters on the XY coordinates, the characteristic of the “appearance” of the metallic color can be uniquely displayed. Therefore, it is meaningful that a map serving as an index for selecting a pigment for obtaining a specific design can be provided.
[0018]
That is, in the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, in the plurality of metallic coating films, the angle from the normal line on the metallic coating film is negative on the incident side and positive on the specular reflection side. When the incident light is incident on the metallic coating film at an incident angle in the range of −40 ° to −50 °, and the angle from the normal line on the metallic coating film, the incident side is negative and the specular reflection side is When positive, 25 ° ≦ θ₁<An angle θ selected from the 45 ° acceptance angle area₁And −35 ≦ θ₂, Θ_Three, Θ_Four<At least one θ selected from a light receiving angle region of 25 °_n(Where 0 ° <θ₂<25 ° (however, θ₁−θ₂≧ 5 °), −20 ° <θ_Three≦ 0 ° (however, 15 ° ≦ θ₂−θ_Three), −35 ° ≦ θ_Four≦ −20 ° (however, 30 ° ≦ θ_Three−θ_FourAnd a step of performing colorimetry of the reflected light of each incident light on the metallic coating at a total of 2 to 4 geometric positions at the three-dimensional position of the light receiving angle. , L obtained at each geometric position of the plurality of metallic coatings^*a^*b^*Color system (or L^*u^*v^*L in the color system)^*Value (CIE 1976 brightness), L^*θ₁And L^*θ_nZ, which is the first principal component by principal component analysis using₁= A₁L^*θ₁+ Σa_nL^*θ_n(N is at least one of 2, 3 and 4) eigenvector a₁And a_nAnd the second principal component, Z₂= B₁L^*θ₁+ Σb_nL^*θ_nEigenvector b (where n is at least one of 2, 3 and 4)₁And b_nAnd a step of evaluating a metallic feeling by making the two principal components of the first principal component and the second principal component expressed by the linear combination formula correspond to a luminance feeling and a whiteness feeling, respectively. It is the evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film is provided.
[0019]
Here, the step of measuring the color of the reflected light is the θ₁Is 30 °, this θ₂Is 20 °, this θ_ThreeIs 0 °, this θ_FourPreferably, the method includes a step of measuring the color of the reflected light under the condition of −30 °.
[0020]
In the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, L^*Instead of the value, an L value as a lightness index in Hunter's color difference formula may be adopted. Furthermore, L^*The value or L value is either X, Y, Z color system or X_Ten, Y_Ten, Z_TenY value or Y of tristimulus values in the color system_TenSince it is obtained from the value, L^*Y value or Y instead of value or L value_TenA value may be adopted.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments.
[0022]
<Method for evaluating metallic feeling of metallic coating film>
The method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention includes a step of making incident light incident on the metallic coating film, a step of performing colorimetry of reflected light on the metallic coating film, a step of calculating an eigenvector, And a step of evaluating a metallic feeling. A method for evaluating a metallic feeling of a metallic coating film.
[0023]
<Step of making incident light incident on metallic coating film>
In the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, the step of making incident light incident on the metallic coating film is a method for measuring the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film, and is a method on this metallic coating film. It is preferable to include a step of causing incident light to enter the metallic coating film at an incident angle in the range of −40 ° to −50 °, where the incident side is negative and the specular reflection side is positive with respect to the angle from the line. Here, the incident angle of the incident light is more preferably in the range of −43 ° to −47 °, and most preferably −45 °.
[0024]
This is because the accuracy of information of regular reflection light is improved by making incident light incident on the metallic coating film at an incident angle in the range of −40 ° to −50 °.
[0025]
  <Step of measuring color of reflected light on metallic coating>
  In the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, the step of measuring the color of the reflected light on the metallic coating film is minus the incident side at an angle from the normal line on the metallic coating film, When the regular reflection side is positive, 25 ° ≦ θ₁<An angle θ selected from the 45 ° acceptance angle area₁And -35°≦ θ₂, Θ_Three, Θ_Four<At least one θ selected from a light receiving angle region of 25 °_n(Where 0 ° <θ₂<25 ° (however, θ₁−θ₂≧ 5 °), −20 ° <θ_Three≦ 0 ° (however,θ ₂ And θ _Three If you choose15 ° ≦ θ₂−θ_Three), −35 ° ≦ θ_Four≦ −20 ° (however,θ _Three And θ _Four If you choose30 ° ≦ θ_Three−θ_Four), And a step of performing colorimetry of the reflected light of each incident light on the metallic coating at a total of 2 to 4 geometric positions at the three-dimensional positions of the light receiving angles. It is desirable to include.
[0026]
Here, in the step of measuring the color of the reflected light, θ₁Is 25 ° ≦ θ₁<45 ° is preferably selected, and 30 ° ≦ θ₁It is more preferable to select in the range of <40 °. The reason is that θ₁This is because when the angle is close to 45 ° (regular reflection), there is a tendency to be affected by the gloss of the painted surface due to the smoothness of the surface of the metallic coating film.₁This is because if the angle is less than 25 °, the information on the highlights tends to decrease, so that it is difficult to separate the luminance and whiteness.
[0027]
  In the step of measuring the color of the reflected light, θ₂Is 0 ° <θ₂It is preferable to select within a range of <25 °, and θ₁In relation toθ ₁ −θ ₂ ≧ 5 °It is desirable to satisfy the following conditions. Θ that does not satisfy these relationships₂Is θ₁This is because there is a tendency that sufficient correlation accuracy cannot be obtained by confounding with the data obtained from the above.
[0028]
Furthermore, in the step of measuring the color of the reflected light, θ_ThreeIs −20 ° <θ_ThreeIt is preferable to select in the range of ≦ 0 °, θ₂15 ° ≦ θ in relation to₂−θ_ThreeIt is desirable to satisfy the following conditions. Θ that does not satisfy these relationships_ThreeIs θ₂This is because there is a tendency that sufficient correlation accuracy cannot be obtained by confounding with the data obtained from the above.
[0029]
Similarly, in the step of measuring the color of the reflected light, θ_FourIs -35 ° ≦ θ_FourIt is preferable to select from the range of ≦ −20 °. θ_FourL becomes smaller than -35 °, the resulting L^*This is because there is a tendency that the absolute value of becomes too small and sufficient analysis accuracy cannot be obtained. Θ_FourIs θ_ThreeIn relation to 30 ° ≦ θ_Three−θ_FourIt is desirable to satisfy the following conditions. Θ that does not satisfy these relationships_FourIs θ_ThreeThis is because there is a tendency that sufficient correlation accuracy cannot be obtained due to confounding with the data obtained from the above.
[0030]
In the step of performing the color measurement of the reflected light, in the color measurement of the reflected light, L^*The color matching function for deriving 10 ° field X even if it is a 2 ° field XYZ color system_TenY_TenZ_TenAny one based on the color system may be used. The standard light for colorimetry may be white light, but preferably the standard light D₆₅Alternatively, standard light C is preferably used.
[0031]
<Step of calculating eigenvector>
In the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, the step of calculating the above eigenvector includes the L obtained at each of the geometric positions.^*a^*b^*Color system (or L^*u^*v^*L in the color system)^*Value (CIE 1976 brightness), L^*θ₁And L^*θ_nZ, which is the first principal component by principal component analysis using₁= A₁L^*θ₁+ Σa_nL^*θ_n(N is at least one of 2, 3 and 4) eigenvector a₁And a_nAnd the second principal component, Z₂= B₁L^*θ₁+ Σb_nL^*θ_nEigenvector b (where n is at least one of 2, 3 and 4)₁And b_nIt is preferable to include the step of calculating.
[0032]
Here, in the step of calculating the eigenvectors by performing the above principal component analysis, the plurality of metallic coatings are coatings of a general smooth silver color or a mixed color of silver and other colors. It is desirable that the number of colors is large, and it is desirable that the number of colors be 20 or more in order to increase the accuracy of correlation with visual observation. More desirably, it is desirable to prepare specimen samples having moderately different colors in a range that covers a lightness region that can generally exist in 40 colors or more.
[0033]
In the step of calculating the eigenvector by performing the above principal component analysis, the eigenvector is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known mathematical method can be used, for example, using a variance covariance matrix. Alternatively, a correlation coefficient matrix may be used. Further, all the positive and negative signs used in the respective coupling formulas for obtaining the principal component may be reversed.
[0034]
<Step to evaluate metallic feeling>
In the method for evaluating a metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, the step of evaluating the metallic feeling includes two main components, a first principal component and a second principal component, expressed by the linear combination formula, respectively. It is preferable to include a step of evaluating the metallic feeling corresponding to the luminance feeling and the whiteness feeling.
[0035]
This is because by evaluating in this way, the luminance and whiteness can be independently evaluated without being influenced by each other's information.
[0036]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
[0037]
  <Measurement method and evaluation method>
  (1) Production of silver metallic coatingMadeMethod
  Create 47 colors of silver metallic paint using 47 kinds of aluminum paste pigments under the blending conditions of Table 1 and Table 2, apply electrostatic coating to the lithographic plate with intermediate coating in advance, and apply clear coating with 2 coats and 1 bake. 47 coated plates were prepared. Table 3 shows the composition of the clear coat, and Table 4 shows the electrostatic coating conditions.
[0038]
[Table 1]

[0039]
[Table 2]

[0040]
[Table 3]

[0041]
[Table 4]

[0042]
  (2) Color measurement method of reflected light in silver metallic coating film
  (2-1) Color measurement method by X-Rite MA68
  X-Rite INC. 47 coated plates prepared under the conditions shown in (1) above were measured using X-Rite MA68 manufactured by the company. Table of geometric conditions for measurement5It is as follows. X-Rite MA68 has a different geometrical term from this specification. This is because the light reception angle designation of the X-Rite MA68 is expressed by the offset angle in the normal direction from the specular reflection light position (indicated herein by 45 °). As shown in FIG. For measurement, the standard light is D₆₅The viewing angle was obtained with a viewing angle of 10 degrees. The measured values are shown in Tables 6 and 7.
[0043]
[Table 5]

[0044]
(2-2) Color measurement method using LMR-100
47 coated plates prepared under the conditions shown in (1) above were measured using Alcope LMR-100 manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. The output IV of the LMR-100 is considered to correspond to the brightness feeling described in this specification. The measured values are shown in Tables 6 and 7.
[0045]
(3) Evaluation of whiteness
Regarding the whiteness, there is no evaluation device or parameter that matches the visual observation in the conventional measurement device. Therefore, the 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in the above (1) were visually evaluated to rank the whiteness. The logarithmic value of the ranking data was taken as visual whiteness. The results are shown in Table 6 and Table 7.
[0046]
[Table 6]

[0047]
[Table 7]

[0048]
<Example 1>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₁= 30 °, θ₂= 20 °, θ_Three= 0 °, θ_Four= -30 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₁, L^*θ₂, L^*θ_Three, L^*θ_FourThe principal component analysis based on the variance-covariance matrix was performed. The calculation was performed using JUSE-MA of JUSE-StatWorks made by Japan Science and Technology Institute. As a result, the eigenvectors of the first and second principal components are as shown in Table 8.
[0049]
[Table 8]

[0050]
Here, since the first principal component has a negative correlation as a luminance parameter, the signs of the positive and negative signs are reversed, and each principal component is obtained by the following equation. Where L^*θ_nIs L at each measurement condition θ^*It is.
Z₁= 0.713L^*θ₁-0.124L^*θ₂-0.601L^*θ_Three-0.341L^*θ_Four
Z₂= 0.489L^*θ₁+ 0.750L^*θ₂+ 0.444L^*θ_Three-0.032L^*θ_Four
Figure 2 shows Z₁And LMR-100 IV values, Z₂And the logarithm of the whiteness visual ranking. Z₁Has a strong correlation with the IV value of LMR-100 (correlation coefficient r = 0.984). This is a brightness feeling that is the brightness of the highlight.₂Is strongly correlated with the logarithmic value of the whiteness visual evaluation value (correlation coefficient r = 0.856), and can be used as a whiteness parameter.
[0051]
<Example 2>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₁= 30 °, θ₂= 20 °, θ_Four= -30 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₁, L^*θ₂, L^*θ_Four47 were regarded as variables, and the same calculation as in Example 1 was performed. The eigenvectors of the first and second principal components are as shown in Table 9.
[0052]
[Table 9]

[0053]
Each main component was calculated | required by following Formula.
Z₁= 0.908L^*θ₁-0.069L^*θ₂-0.412L^*θ_Four
Z₂= 0.149L^*θ₁+ 0.975L^*θ₂+ 0.166L^*θ_Four
Z in FIG.₁And LMR-100 IV values, Z₂And the logarithm of the whiteness visual ranking. Z₁Has a strong correlation with the IV value of LMR-100 (correlation coefficient r = 0.980). This is a brightness feeling that is the brightness of the highlight.₂Shows a strong correlation with the logarithmic value of the whiteness visual evaluation value (correlation coefficient r = 0.903), which can be used as a whiteness parameter.
[0054]
<Example 3>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₁= 30 °, θ_Three= 0 °, θ_Four= -30 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₁, L^*θ_Three, L^*θ_Four47 were regarded as variables, and the same calculation as in Example 1 was performed. Table 10 shows eigenvectors of the first and second principal components.
[0055]
[Table 10]

[0056]
Here, since the first principal component has a negative correlation as a luminance parameter, the signs of the positive and negative signs are reversed, and each principal component is obtained by the following equation.
Z₁= 0.726L^*θ₁-0.596L^*θ_Three-0.343L^*θ_Four
Z₂= 0.638L^*θ₁+ 0.770L^*θ_Three+ 0.012L^*θ_Four
In FIG.₁And LMR-100 IV values, Z₂And the logarithm of the whiteness visual ranking. Z₁Has a strong correlation with the IV value of LMR-100 (correlation coefficient r = 0.987).₂Shows a strong correlation with the logarithmic value of the visual evaluation value of whiteness (correlation coefficient r = 0.877), which can be used as a whiteness parameter.
[0057]
<Example 4>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₁= 30 °, θ₂= 20 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₁, L^*θ₂47 were regarded as variables, and the same calculation as in Example 1 was performed. The eigenvectors of the first and second principal components are as shown in Table 11.
[0058]
[Table 11]

[0059]
Each main component was calculated | required by following Formula.
Z₁= 0.998L^*θ₁-0.056L^*θ₂
Z₂= 0.056L^*θ₁+ 0.998L^*θ₂
Fig. 8 shows Z₁And LMR-100 IV value comparison, Figure 9 shows Z₂And the logarithm of the whiteness visual ranking. Z₁Has a strong correlation with the IV value of LMR-100 (correlation coefficient r = 0.973).₂Is strongly correlated with the logarithmic value of the visual evaluation value of whiteness (correlation coefficient r = 0.909), which can be used as a whiteness parameter.
[0060]
<Example 5>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₁= 30 °, θ_Three= 0 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₁, L^*θ_Three47 were regarded as variables, and the same calculation as in Example 1 was performed. Table 12 shows the eigenvectors of the first and second principal components.
[0061]
[Table 12]

[0062]
Each main component was calculated | required by following Formula.
Z₁= 0.773L^*θ₁-0.635L^*θ_Three
Z₂= 0.635L^*θ₁+ 0.773L^*θ_Three
Figure 10 shows Z₁And LMR-100 IV value comparison,₂And the logarithm of the whiteness visual ranking. Z₁Has a strong correlation with the IV value of LMR-100 (correlation coefficient r = 0.987).₂Is strongly correlated with the logarithmic value of the whiteness visual evaluation value (correlation coefficient r = 0.72), and can be used as a whiteness parameter.
[0063]
<Comparative Example 1>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₂= 20 °, θ_Three= 0 °, θ_Four= -30 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₂, L^*θ_Three, L^*θ_Four47 were regarded as variables, and the same calculation as in Example 1 was performed. The eigenvectors of the first and second principal components are as shown in Table 13.
[0064]
[Table 13]

[0065]
Here, since the first principal component has a negative correlation as a luminance parameter, the signs of the positive and negative signs are reversed, and each principal component is obtained by the following equation.
Z₁= -0.300L^*θ₂-0.852L^*θ_Three-0.430L^*θ_Four
Z₂= 0.890L^*θ₂-0.088L^*θ_Three-0.447L^*θ_Four
Z in FIG.₁Comparison of IV values of LMR-100 and LMR-100, FIG.₂And logarithm of the white taste visual ranking. Z₁Is correlated with the IV value of LMR-100, but not as high as that shown in the examples. Also Z₂Is slightly correlated with the logarithm of the whiteness visual evaluation value,₂The change range itself is small, and it is difficult to be an evaluation index. Thus, the angle θ selected from the light receiving angle region of 30 ° or more and less than 45 ° as data.₁L from^*θ₁It can be seen that it is difficult to obtain a parameter that solves this problem when not adopting.
[0066]
<Comparative example 2>
Using 47 coated plates produced under the conditions shown in (1) above, θ₂= 20 °, θ_Four= -30 °, color measurement value L by X-Rite^*Data L^*θ₂, L^*θ_Four47 were regarded as variables, and the same calculation as in Example 1 was performed. Table 14 shows the eigenvectors of the first and second principal components.
[0067]
[Table 14]

[0068]
Here, since the first principal component has a negative correlation as a luminance parameter, the signs of the positive and negative signs are reversed, and each principal component is obtained by the following equation.
Z₁= -0.692L^*θ₂-0.722L^*θ_Four
Z₂= 0.722L^*θ₂-0.692L^*θ_Four
Z in FIG.₁Comparison of IV values of LMR and LMR-100, FIG.₂And the logarithm of the whiteness visual ranking. Z₁Is correlated with the IV value of LMR-100, but not as high as that shown in the examples. Also Z₂Although a slight correlation with the logarithm of the whiteness visual evaluation value is observed, it is not as high as that shown in the examples. Z₁, Z₂In both cases, the change range itself is small, and it is difficult to be an evaluation index.
[0069]
Thus, the angle θ selected from the light receiving angle region of 30 ° or more and less than 45 ° as data.₁L from^*θ₁It can be seen that it is difficult to obtain a parameter that solves this problem when not adopting.
[0070]
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 15 of the above measurement results, by using the metallic feel measurement method of the present invention, brightness and whiteness, which are important indicators of the metallic coating film, affect each other's information. It can be measured without being measured, and it can be seen that the value corresponds well with the visual “appearance”.
[0071]
Further, for example, 47 samples of Z obtained by the method shown in Example 1₁And Z₂Is plotted on the XY axes, as shown in FIG.
[0072]
It should be understood that the embodiments and examples disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
[0073]
【The invention's effect】
The method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and allows the metallic color appearance to be expressed simply and objectively with two parameters of luminance and whiteness. This is a method for evaluating the metallic feel of the coating film.
[0074]
In the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention, these two parameters are calculated based on one signal output from a plurality of observation angle positions, but are not correlated with each other. There is a feature that each other's information is independent.
[0075]
The method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film according to the present invention is based on the L of the International Lighting Commission, which is widely used in industry as a signal output measurement unit.^*Since the color is displayed based on the value or the L value of an internationally recognized hunter, it can be carried out using a general colorimetric device, and has the significance of excellent versatility.
[0076]
Furthermore, the method for evaluating the metallic feeling of the metallic coating film of the present invention can uniquely display the characteristics of the metallic color “appearance” by plotting the two obtained parameters on the XY coordinates. There is a significance that it is possible to provide a map that is an index of pigment selection for obtaining a specific design.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a method for evaluating a metallic feeling of a metallic coating film of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows Z in Example 1 of the present invention.₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 3 shows Z in Example 1 of the present invention.₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 4 shows Z in Example 2 of the present invention.₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 5 shows Z in Example 2 of the present invention.₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 6 shows Z of Example 3 of the present invention.₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 7 shows Z in Example 3 of the present invention.₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 8 shows Z in Example 4 of the present invention.₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 9 shows Z according to Example 4 of the present invention.₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 10 shows Z of Example 5 of the present invention.₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 11 shows Z in Example 5 of the present invention.₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 12 Z of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 13 Z of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 14 Z of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention₁It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with IV value of LMR-100.
FIG. 15 Z of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the comparison with the logarithm of a white taste feeling visual ranking.
FIG. 16 shows Z of Example 1 of the present invention.₁And Z₂It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of comparison with.
[Explanation of symbols]
101 metallic coating, 103 flake pigment, 105 incident light, 107 specular reflection light, 109 diffuse reflection light, 111 negative side, 113 positive side.

Claims (7)

A method for measuring a metallic feeling of a metallic coating film,
Incident light is incident on the metallic coating film at an incident angle in the range of −40 ° to −50 ° when the incident side is negative and the specular reflection side is positive at an angle from the normal line on the metallic coating film. Steps,
The angle selected from the light receiving angle region of 25 ° ≦ θ ₁ <45 °, where the incident side is negative and the regular reflection side is positive, in the plurality of metallic coatings, with respect to the angle from the normal line on the metallic coating. At least one or more θ _n selected from θ ₁ and a light receiving angle region of −35 ° ≦ θ ₂ , θ ₃ , θ ₄ <25 ° (where 0 ° <θ ₂ <25 °, −20 ° <θ ₃ ≦ 0 °, −35 ° ≦ θ ₄ ≦ −20 ° ) and a total of 2 to 4 geometric positions at the three-dimensional positions of the light receiving angles, A step of measuring the color of reflected light on the metallic coating;
L ^* θ ₁ , which is the L ^* value of CIE 1976 brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system or L ^* u ^* v ^* color system obtained at the respective geometric positions of the plurality of metallic coating films And L ^* θ _n is the first principal component by principal component analysis,
^{_{Z 1 = a 1 L * θ}} 1 + Σa n L * θ n (n is at least one or more 2,3,4)
Eigenvectors a ₁ and a _n of
The second main component,
Z ₂ = b ₁ L ^* θ ₁ + Σb _n L ^* θ _n (n is at least one of 2, 3 and 4)
Calculating eigenvectors b ₁ and b _n of
Evaluating the metallic feeling by corresponding the two principal components of the first principal component and the second principal component expressed by the linear combination formula to a luminance feeling and a whiteness feeling, respectively;
A method for evaluating a metallic feeling of a metallic coating film. The step of measuring the color of the reflected light is performed by measuring the color of the reflected light under the conditions that θ ₁ is 30 °, θ ₂ is 20 °, θ ₃ is 0 °, and θ ₄ is −30 °. The evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film of Claim 1 has including the step to perform. Θ _n Is at least θ ₂ Including θ ₁ −θ ₂ The evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film of Claim 1 which becomes> = 5 degrees has. Θ _n Is at least θ ₂ And θ _Three Including θ ₁ −θ ₂ ≧ 5 ° and 15 ° ≦ θ ₂ −θ _Three The evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film of Claim 1 has. Θ _n Is at least θ _Three And θ _Four 30 ° ≦ θ _Three −θ _Four The evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film of Claim 1 has. The evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film in any one of Claims 1-5 uses the L value as a lightness index | exponent in Hunter's color-difference formula instead of the said L ^* value. X in place of the L ^* value, Y, using the Y value or Y ₁₀ values of tristimulus values in Z color system or X _10, Y _10, Z ₁₀ color system, to any one of claims 1 to 5 The evaluation method of the metallic feeling which the metallic coating film of description has.

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