CN1152240C

CN1152240C - Colour graphics expressing colours of three-element alloy system and its making method

Info

Publication number: CN1152240C
Application number: CNB011263407A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴建生; 张津徐; 张玉平
Original assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2001-07-26
Filing date: 2001-07-26
Publication date: 2004-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2021-07-26
Also published as: CN1328250A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a color figure expressing the colors of a ternary alloy system and a manufacture method of the color figure. Firstly, a light splitting color measurement instrument is used for measuring a ternary system alloy, and the colorimetric parameters L<*>, a<*> and b<*> of the alloy are obtained; secondly, a group of color chromaticity parameter triangles: an L<*>-triangle, an a<*>-triangle, a b<*>-triangle and a C<*>-triangle are drawn through data processing and figure processing by a computer; the graphic editing technique is used, and a color-triangle expressing the colors of the ternary alloy system is obtained in the mode of synthesis. The color figures obtained by the present invention do not only give the magnitude of the colorimetric parameters of the ternary system alloy in a quantitative way, but also display the corresponding color condition of the alloy in a qualitative way. The color figure of the present invention can be adopted to establish a colorimetric parameter database and a color-triangular chart of normally seen artistic alloys or fancy alloys, and has positive guiding significance and high reference value to industries using color as a main design index.

Description

Characterize the method for making of the color graphics of ternary alloy system color

Technical field:

The present invention is by a kind of method for making that characterizes the color graphics of ternary alloy system color, the color of ternary alloy system intuitively and is exactly depicted, be suitable for color is the industry of main design objective, development to imitative gold, imitative silver, imitative copper-nickel alloy alloy has directive significance and higher reference value especially, and also there is certain reference function in departments such as weaving, paint, dyestuff.

Background technology

Along with the raising of quality of life and the aggravation of market competition, people are not only more and more higher to the requirement of product inherent quality, and begin to pay attention to its surface color.People no longer are satisfied with the single tin bronze color of statue in bronze, the rose that begins one's study, golden yellow, silvery white and cyan alloy; Decorate billon by the single golden yellow in past to the mosaic gold alloy development; The color of coating is also colorful, too beautiful to be absorbed all at once.As seen, in industries such as culture and arts, building, statue, decoration, surface treatments, surface color is one of important indicator of design.

For the color of metal, adopt the naked eyes range estimation usually, estimate with the method for color nouns such as reddish yellow indigo plant description.But because the difference of each eye spectral response difference and vision adaptive etc., different people is different to same tone impression.Therefore, different people is to may be with different language descriptions with a kind of same a kind of tone of material, as contains the color that zinc is 10% binary brass, and " bronze-gold ", " slightly Huang Se redness " and different literal expressions such as " golden yellow " are just arranged.As seen usually said " red ", " indigo plant " are a kind of qualitative, subjective color showing methods, the naked eyes range estimation of color, qualitative evaluation not only can not be described accurately to the color of material, lack unitarity, standardization and comparability, nor can quantificational expression the colour perception amount, can not the quantitative examination composition to the rule that influences of alloy surface look.

German R M has delivered one piece on the 2nd phase " the Journal of Metals " magazine and has been entitled as the article of " Color and Color Stability as Alloy Design Criteria " at 1980 the 32nd volumes, color to the Au-Ag-Cu alloy has been carried out quantitative measurement, has obtained L ^*, a ^*, b ^*Triangular graph and color synoptic diagram.One of shortcoming of document color showing method is L ^*, a ^*, b ^*Triangular graph does not demonstrate the physical significance or the intension of colorimetric parameter, two of shortcoming is the definition of tone among the color triangle figure such as subjectivity and the marginal subjectivity of color region of copper red, red yellow, yellow and yellowish, and three of shortcoming is colors that color triangle figure of no use illustrates alloy intuitively.Published one piece on TRANSACTIONS OF Nfsoc (China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica) the 4th the 3rd phase of volume in 1994 and be entitled as the article of " Color Characteristics ofCu-Zn-Al Alloys ", angle from the development imitation gold copper-base alloy, measure the colorimetric parameter of the Cu-Zn-Al ternary alloy three-partalloy of Zn≤50%, Al≤14%, drawn L equally ^*, a ^*, b ^*Triangular graph and color triangle figure represent the color of alloy, but above-mentioned shortcoming is still without any improvement.

In prior art and data, still there is not a kind of cromogram that the color of ternary alloy system is presented, on same figure, do not provide the colorimetric parameter and the concrete tone of ternary alloy simultaneously, can not show the result quantitatively and qualitatively of alloy color intuitively.

Summary of the invention

The present invention draws out the L of ternary alloy system by a kind of method for making that characterizes the color graphics of ternary alloy system color ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle, C ^*-triangle and color-triangular graph.Can set up the color database of different ternary alloy systems by this method, be convenient to be directly acquainted with and inquire about the color and the colorimetric parameter thereof of different-alloy correspondence, be beneficial to research and production.

The concrete method for making that characterizes the color graphics of ternary alloy system color comprises the following steps:

1, determining of alloy system to be measured and composition range, the selected and specimen preparation of tested alloys

2, the selection of colour system

Select CIE LAB colour system for use, use colorimetric parameter L ^*, a ^*And b ^*The color of alloy is described.L ^*Be the lightness of color, L ^*=0 expression black, L ^*=100 expression whites are the total reflection look; a ^*Contain red composition, a in＞0 expression body surface look ^*Contain green composition in＜0 expression body surface look; b ^*Contain yellow composition in＞0 expression body surface look; b ^*Contain blue composition in＜0 expression body surface look.

Chroma C ^*Be not have the color visual perception characteristic of putting with lightness such as distances to represent the deep or light of color of object surface.C ^*Big more, show that the degree of saturation of color is big more.At CIE1976 (L ^*a ^*b ^*) the chroma C of color in the color space ^*Represent with following formula

C ^*＝(a ^*2+b ^*2) ^1/2

3, the color measuring of alloy and calculating

Adopt the spectral photometric colour measuring instrument, measure the reflection characteristic of alloy to be measured.Spectrophotometric color measurement instrument is an instrument the most basic in the color measuring, by compare " standard " the monochromatic radiation power that (object of reference) and sample reflect of some known spectral characteristic quantitatively on same wavelength, thereby measure the spectral reflectance of sample, through calculating the tristimulus values of trying to achieve color sample.

X＝K∫S(λ)ρ(λ) x(λ)dλ

Y＝K∫S(λ)ρ(λ) y(λ)dλ

Z＝K∫S(λ)ρ(λ) z(λ)dλ

S in the formula (λ) is the spectral distribution of light source; ρ (λ) is the spectral reflectance of object; X (λ), y (λ), z (λ) are standard observer's spectral tristimulus value.

XYZ (or X ₁₀Y ₁₀Z ₁₀) be the basic parameter that characterizes color, they are desirable three primary colors of supposition.The table chromatic number of the CIE LAB color space is according to L ^*, a ^*And b ^*Convert by these three parameters.

Work as X/X _nOr Y/Y _nOr Z/Z _nGreater than 0.008856 o'clock

L ^*＝116(Y/Y _n) ^1/3-16 (Y/Y _n＞0.008856)

a ^*＝500[(X/X _n) ^1/3-(Y/Y _n) ^1/3] (X/X _n＞0.008856)

b ^*＝200[(Y/Y _n) ^1/3-(Z/Z _n) ^1/3] (Z/Z _n＞0.008856)

X, Y, Z are the tristimulus values of sample of colour in the formula; X _n, Y _n, Z _nFor standard illuminants is radiated on the complete diffuse reflector, reflex to the tristimulus values that the white in observer's eye stimulates through complete diffuse reflector again.

Work as X/X _nOr Y/Y _nOr Z/Z _nLess than 0.008856 o'clock

L ^*＝903.3Y/Y _n (Y/Y _n＜0.008856)

a ^*＝383.5(X/X _n-Y/Y _n) (X/X _n＜0.008856)

b ^*＝1557.4(Y/Y _n-Z/Z _n) (Z/Z _n＜0.008856)

At present, automatic spectrophotometer can not only be measured the spectral reflectance or the spectral radiance factor of sample, and can directly provide tristimulus values and other colorimetric parameter such as the L of color ^*, a ^*, b ^*Deng.

4, computer data is handled

Composition and colorimetric parameter L with tested alloys ^*, a ^*And b ^*Be input in the computing machine, calculate chroma C ^*, the content of each tested alloys is converted to the coordinate of respective point in the rectangular coordinate system equilateral triangle.

5, the colored L of computer drawing ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle and C ^*-triangle

Utilize computer graphics and graphic editing, obtain colorimetric parameter with composition variation diagram: L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle and C ^*-triangle.This figure has not only provided the L of the ternary alloy of heterogeneity ^*, a ^*, b ^*And C ^*Quantitative data, and the rule that changes with composition of colorimetric parameter, and described the physical significance of each colorimetric parameter representative of alloy qualitatively.

6, draw the colored color-triangle of expression ternary alloy system color

Utilize computing machine with above-mentioned L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle editor is synthetic, obtains characterizing the colored color-triangle of ternary alloy system color, and this figure not only quantitatively provides the size of the colorimetric parameter of ternary alloy, and the pairing color situation of qualitative demonstration alloy.

This method for making can be drawn L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle, C ^*-triangle and color-triangular graph, these color graphicss have not only been given the L of each composition ^*, a ^*, b ^*And C ^*The size of numerical value, and described colorimetric parameter and color with the rule that composition changes, represented the color state of ternary alloy and the black and white degree in the surface color, red green degree, champac degree and color saturation simultaneously.

Adopt this method can set up the colorimetric parameter database and the color-triangular graph of common artistic alloy or fancy alloys, particularly the development of imitative gold, imitative silver, imitative copper-nickel alloy alloy is had directive significance and higher reference value for the industry that with color is main design objective, also there is certain reference function in departments such as weaving, paint, dyestuff.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the lightness L by the description Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy system of the inventive method drafting ^*, chromaticity a ^*, b ^*With chroma C ^*The color hue parameters triangular.

Wherein, (a), a ^*-triangle; (b), b ^*-triangle; (c), C ^*-triangle; (d), L ^*-triangle.

Fig. 1 has not only provided the quantitative data of colorimetric parameter of the ternary alloy three-partalloy of heterogeneity, and has explained red (green) colour content in the alloy color, yellow composition and color saturation intuitively.As seen from the figure, along with the increase of Mn, the red composition in the surface color, yellow composition reduce, and color saturation descends, alloy from chromatic colour to the netrual colour transition; Simultaneously, the adding of Mn makes lightness descend the alloy deepening.Along with the increase of Zn, the red composition in the surface color reduces afterwards earlier and increases, and reaches minimum near 30%; Zn is to b ^*The influence of value ^MnMuch weak, when Mn content less (less than 5%wt), the yellow composition of alloy reduces along with the increase of Zn increases afterwards earlier, reaches maximum at about 30% place; When Mn content big (＞10%wt) after, b ^*Value is not subjected to the influence of Zn content substantially.

Fig. 2 is the colored color-triangle that characterizes Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy system color.

Fig. 2 has showed the size and the color state of the colorimetric parameter of Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy three-partalloy simultaneously on a figure.The color of each alloy correspondence comes into plain view, and is the copper red look as the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy three-partalloy of Cu＞90%wt, and the alloy of Mn＜10%wt, Zn=20～30%wt is a gilvous, and the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy three-partalloy surface of Mn＞25%wt is a silver gray.

Embodiment

Be that example is introduced the leg-of-mutton method for making of ternary alloy system color-with the Cu-Mn-Zn ternary alloy three-partalloy below.

Selected Cu-Mn-Zn alloy system is studied at Cu 〉=50%wt, Mn≤50%wt, the color situation of alloy in the scope of Zn≤50%wt.In the composition triangle of Cu 〉=50%wt, approximately get a testing site every 5%, get 46 test compositions altogether.Sample adopts high temperature resistance furnace, corundum crucible founding to form, and after the 600# liquid honing, alcohol wash is standby.Colour examining is cleaned in back 24 hours in the sample polishing and is carried out.

2, the selection of colour system

Adopt CIE1976 (L ^*a ^*b ^*) colour system, use L ^*, a ^*And b ^*Expression alloy color is used chroma C ^*(C ^*=(a ^{* 2}+ b ^{* 2}) ^1/2) expression color degree of saturation.

3, the color measuring of alloy and calculating

Present embodiment adopts the automatic spectrophotometric color measurement instrument of U.S. ELREPHO2000, directly measures colorimetric parameter L ^*, a ^*And b ^*Value is selected the D65 standard illuminants for use, 10 ° of visual fields, 0/d observation condition.

4, computer data is handled

Concentration expressed in percentage by weight and colorimetric parameter L with Mn, the Zn of tested alloys ^*, a ^*And b ^*Be input in the computing machine, go out chroma C with the Origin computed in software ^*, with the content of alloying element (Mn%, Zn%) convert to the respective point in the rectangular coordinate system equilateral triangle coordinate (x, y), in the Cu-Mn-Zn triangle as Cu 〉=50%, its conversion formula is as follows:

x＝Mn％+(Zn％)×cos60°

y＝(Zn％)×sin60°

Adopt Axum software, draw the colourity parameter L ^*, a ^*, b ^*, C ^*With composition (x, y) variation diagram.With the above-mentioned figure of making by Axum of Photoshop software editing, obtain L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle and C ^*-triangle, as shown in Figure 1.

6, draw the colored color-triangle of expression Cu-Mn-Zn alloy color

Adopt Photoshop software with above-mentioned L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*The synthetic colored color-triangle that obtains characterizing the ternary alloy system color of-triangle editor is seen accompanying drawing 2.

Claims

1, a kind of method for making that characterizes the color graphics of ternary alloy system color is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1), determines alloy system to be measured and composition range thereof, optional test alloy and preparation sample;

(2), select the CIELAB colour system for use, use colorimetric parameter L ^*, a ^*And b ^*Expression alloy color is used chroma C ^*=(a ^{* 2}+ b ^{* 2}) ^1/2The degree of saturation of expression color;

(3), adopt automatic spectrophotometric color measurement instrument directly to measure colorimetric parameter L ^*, a ^*And b ^*Value;

(4), with the composition and the colorimetric parameter L of tested alloys ^*, a ^*And b ^*Be input in the computing machine, calculate chroma C ^*, with the content of alloying element convert to the respective point in the rectangular coordinate system equilateral triangle coordinate (x, y);

(5), utilize computer drawing colorimetric parameter L ^*, a ^*, b ^*, C ^*With composition (x, y) variation diagram, and obtain colored L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*-triangle and C ^*-triangle;

(6), with above-mentioned L ^*-triangle, a ^*-triangle, b ^*The synthetic colored color-triangle that obtains characterizing the ternary alloy system color of-triangle editor.