CN1325210C - Manufacturing instrument of superfine metal powder - Google Patents
Manufacturing instrument of superfine metal powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN1325210C CN1325210C CNB2005100049216A CN200510004921A CN1325210C CN 1325210 C CN1325210 C CN 1325210C CN B2005100049216 A CNB2005100049216 A CN B2005100049216A CN 200510004921 A CN200510004921 A CN 200510004921A CN 1325210 C CN1325210 C CN 1325210C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a producing instrument of superfine metal powder, which comprises a gas atomizing device, a powder cooling chamber, a water-cooling heat exchanger, a size grading device, a powder conveying device, a powder packing device, a gas dust removal and a high-pressure blower. Molten metal is atomized through the gas atomizing device and then enters the powder cooling chamber to be cooled and solidified, and powder is graded through the size grading device after cooled through the water-cooling heat exchanger and then is conveyed into the powder packing device through the powder conveying device to be packed. The present invention not only connects a molten metal gas atomizing process, a powder cooling process, a size grading process, a powder conveying process, a powder packing process, a gas dust-removing, recovering, pressurizing and cyclic using process and a gas-leaked replenishing process into a whole to form an integrated system with continuous production, but also designs an atomizing chamber into a structure with a sandwich layer cooling water jacket so that the volume of the producing instrument of superfine metal powder is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production equipment of metal dust.
Background technology
Metal powder production apparatus is in the past just considered certain process and the link of production partly, shortage is to comprehensive consideration of production process, though also proposed the production system of a sealing, but also have many local imperfections, as there is not a grading system of metal dust, this just makes the production process of metal dust also need finish on other equipment, metal powder material is easy to cause dust from flying in the process of access device, easily form pollution to environment and powder, increase the danger of dust explosion, because metal dust is some active metals such as aluminium particularly, magnesium etc. and just have explosion danger after air mixes under certain conditions.Along with reducing of metal dust granularity, this danger is just big more.In addition, do not have circulating water cooling system, make equipment volume huge, floor space is big; The air compensating system that does not have gas to leak, the equipment that makes can not be produced refining metallic powder by continous-stable in large quantity.
Summary of the invention
Problem at above-mentioned existence, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production equipment of refining metallic powder, this equipment reclaims supercharging with motlten metal gas atomization, powder cooling, grading, powder conveying, powder packing, dedusting and process such as recycle is connected as a single entity, but forms the quantity-produced holonomic system of sealing.
For achieving the above object, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder of the present invention comprises:
Gas atomization device, powder cooling chamber, water-cooled heat-exchanger rig, grading device, powder transfer device, powder packing device, dedusting device, high pressure positive blower; Motlten metal is after the gas atomization device atomizing, enter into the powder cooling chamber and carry out cooled and solidified, after the cooled powder of water-cooled heat-exchanger rig is through the classification of grading device, send into the powder packing device by powder transfer device again and carry out the packing of product, the gas that contains a small amount of refining metallic powder is by the dedusting of dedusting device, and turns back to described grading device and described gas atomization device recycles by high pressure positive blower; Between described high pressure positive blower and described gas atomization device, also be provided with oxygen monitoring and control device; Described gas atomization device comprises atomizer, awl cover and spray chamber, described spray chamber is made up of horizontal jet pipe and an expansion chamber, on the described awl cover guide duct that can import gas is installed, described atomizer is fixed on the exhaust end of described awl cover by ring flange, described spray chamber outer wall is provided with cooling jacket, be provided with near a section of described atomizer in the described awl cover and prevent the air-flow rotation and make the uniform deflector of distribution of gas, described awl cover is equipped with the fish scale orifice plate away from 60 °~100 ° angles, lower end of described atomizer, under this fish scale orifice plate and the gap that keeps 10~50mm between the described jet pipe wall, gas can enter into spray chamber through described fish scale orifice plate by the gap.
Further, described high pressure positive blower is arranged in the air pressure balance jar.
Further, also comprise the gas balance system, this system comprises filter, gas compressor and pressure-reducing valve, an output of described air pressure balance jar connects filter, gas compressor and pressure-reducing valve successively, the input of described pressure-reducing valve links to each other with an input of described air pressure balance jar again, constitutes a closed circuit.
Further, the also external source of the gas of described air pressure balance jar can be to system's make-up gas when the air pressure of system reduces.
Further, also be provided with the visor that to observe the atomizing situation on the described awl cover.
Further, described grading device comprises centrifugal classifier, cyclone type clasfficiator, cyclone dust collectors and sack cleaner, and described centrifugal classifier, cyclone type clasfficiator, cyclone dust collectors and sack cleaner series connection are provided with.
Further, described powder transfer device is a pulse air knife bolt streaming powder delivery system.
Further, described powder packing device comprises reception batch can and decompression dedusting hopper, and the metal dust after the classification enters into described reception batch can by described pulse air knife bolt streaming powder delivery system, packs by described decompression dedusting hopper at last.
The present invention not only motlten metal gas atomization, powder cooling, grading, powder conveying, powder packing, dedusting are reclaimed supercharging and recycle, additional process that gas leaks is connected as a single entity, but form the quantity-produced holonomic system of sealing, can the production particle mean size less than the metal dust of 45 μ m, and the metal dust that spherical requirement is arranged, and spray chamber is designed to the structure of strap clamp layer cooling jacket, dwindled the volume of equipment greatly; In addition, separate, can obtain the narrower refining metallic powder of size distribution by what of centrifugal classifier, cyclone type clasfficiator, cyclone dust collectors and sack cleaner.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the E portion zoomed-in view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the A-A view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is that B among Fig. 1 is to view;
Fig. 5 be among Fig. 1 C to view;
Fig. 6 is a D-D view among Fig. 5.
The specific embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, metal material melts in metal molten stove 3, and the required overtemperature of maintenance molten metal temperature atomizing, and molten metal changes the middle holding furnace 5 of metal over to before the atomizing, the molten metal temperature during with the assurance atomizing.Molten metal in the middle of the metal in the holding furnace 5 links to each other with atomizer 101 by woven hose, and the pressure of atomization gas can be chosen in 1.0~8.0MPa, and for obtaining the property unanimous on the whole of same material powder size, atomizing pressure should be stabilized in a very little scope.In order to produce fine metal dust, the condensation when preventing to atomize during the gas puffing, atomization gas is through gas heating stove 4 heating, and gas temperature can be chosen in 100-600 ℃ according to the different metal powder of producing and the material of appendix.Shown in Fig. 2~6, atomising device comprises atomizer 101, awl cover 105 and spray chamber 110, on the awl cover 105 guide duct 108 that can import gas is installed, atomizer 101 is fixed on the exhaust end of awl cover 105 by ring flange 106, spray chamber 110 outer walls are provided with cooling jacket 107, are provided with near a section of atomizers 101 in the awl cover 105 to prevent the air-flow rotation and make the uniform deflector 104 of distribution of gas.Spray chamber 110 is needed spaces of drop cooled and solidified powdered in the powder by gas-atomization process, and it is the spray chamber of a horizontal spray, is made up of horizontal jet pipe and an expansion chamber, and the design cooling jacket can the reduction equipment volume.Spray chamber 110 also can vertically be laid, and atomizer 101 sprays downwards or atomizer 101 upwards injection in the lower end in the upper end.Clean gas flows out from awl cover 105 with certain speed, by entering into spray chamber 110 behind the deflector 104, one of effect of awl cover 105 is the cooler environment that a rapid solidification is provided for the molten drop after the atomizing, two of effect is to prevent that the dust of kicking up in the spray chamber from being exported to atomizer 101 by the high speed dispersed jet injection at center, cause a large amount of powder particles inter-adhesive and pile up at atomizer 101 exit dust, change the jet expansion shape, cause the fine powder rate to reduce and spray nozzle clogging.The bottom of spray chamber 110 is provided with a fluidization equipment, and it is in awl cover 105 60~100 ° of angle parts, lower end away from atomizer 101 fish scale orifice plate 109 to be installed, as the b angle among Fig. 4; The maintenance certain interval can be at 10~50mm between fish scale orifice plate 109 and the jet pipe wall, and clean gas can enter into spray chamber 110 through fish scale orifice plate 109 by the gap.Fish scale orifice plate 109 overlaps with awl cover 105, prevents that the metallic dust deposition is on horizontal jet pipe.On awl cover 105, also be provided with the visor 111 that clearly to observe the atomizing situation.
The present invention proposes and use heat exchanger to come cool metal powder and gas, can reduction equipment volume and minimizing floor space.The tubular heat exchanger 10 that metal dust and gas mixing two phase flow enter double pipe heat exchanger 9 and vertically place with certain wind speed 10~30m/s under the effect of high pressure positive blower 21 and gas compressor 25, cooled gas-solid phase enters the grading device.The heat exchanger cooling medium is a recirculated water.For safety and improve the sealing of system and reduce hot-tempered sound, high pressure positive blower 21 is installed in the air pressure balance jar 20, and air pressure balance jar 20 outer walls have cooling jacket, to reduce the blower fan outlet temperature.
The present invention proposes adjustable centrifugal clasfficiator 11 one or more uses of connecting with cyclone type clasfficiator 30, cyclone dust collectors 31 and sack cleaner 19 of band wheel speed, and be connected as a single entity the once separable metal dust that goes out multiple granularity with whole system.Gas-solid phase enters centrifugal classifier 11, and it is a granularity of adjusting classification by the impeller of a rotation, and wheel speed is adjusted by the rotating speed of Frequency Converter Control three-phase alternating-current motor, can stepless speed regulation between 0-2900 rev/min.Select the frequency of frequency converter according to the granularity requirements of product, the high more motor speed of frequency is big more, and the metal dust granularity that enters next stage is thin more.Relation between classification point (entering the particle mean size of next stage classification) and the rotating speed is to adjust by the data that experience obtains, and the thickest metal dust is collected in the surge tank 37 of clasfficiator bottom, enters then to send in the batch can 12.In order to obtain more granularity product and meticulousr size distribution some this centrifugal classifiers of can contacting again.Thinner metal dust enters cyclone type clasfficiator 30.The structure of this clasfficiator is in air inlet volute central authorities a frustum of a cone to be arranged, below near the spiral case air inlet, locate a trap that produces vortex flow, the gas of metal-containing powders enters in the spiral case with certain speed, powder thicker under action of centrifugal force moves along wall, effect at the vortex flow trap falls in the pipe, is collected in through surge tank 38 to send in the batch can 13; Thinner powder falls into the cyclone separator 30 at center along frustum, is collected in through surge tank 39 to send in the batch can 14, and first separation goes out two kinds of varigrained metal dusts like this.The structure of cyclone dust collectors 31 is the same substantially with principle and common cyclone dust collectors, and by two in parallel uses, metal dust the thinnest in the gas is collected by sack cleaner 19.So once separablely go out multiple varigrained metal dust.
The present invention adopts pulse air knife bolt streaming powder delivery system, is connected as a single entity with whole system.Pulse air knife bolt streaming powder delivery system is separately positioned on the batch can bottom of centrifugal clasfficiator 11, cyclone type clasfficiator 30, to deliver to special make-up room through metal dusts a large amount of after the grading, can improve working environment, make production process safer.Metal dust arrives through buffering batch can 37,38,39 and sends batch can 12,13,14, when reaching certain material level, close inlet valve, open the loose metal valve, when the jar internal pressure reaches 0.1~0.2MPa, starting impulse signal generator 50,51,52, bleeder valve is opened in 41,42,43 work of air knife valve, and at this moment metal dust flows into along pipe and receives in the batch can 16,17,18, the conveying gas that contains the little metal dust is got back in the secondary air of centrifugal clasfficiator 11, has saved the tails dedusting device.The metal dust that cyclone dust collectors 31 are collected is stored in buffering batch can 40 earlier, and when reaching certain material level, metal dust arrives through buffering batch can 40 and sends batch can 15, and collects metal dust by the decompression dedusting hopper 44 that its underpart is provided with.
Multiple package position of the present invention can prevent effectively that dust from leaking, and improves security.As shown in Figure 1, receive batch can 16,17,18 bottoms a decompression dedusting hopper 45,46,47 is respectively arranged.During discharging the packing plastics bag is enclosed within on the discharging opening of decompression dedusting hopper 44,45,46,47, to receive batch can 15,16,17,18 bottom butterfly valves opens, the by-pass valve control aperture, metal dust falls into hopper, receiving batch can 15,16,17,18 internal pressures releases in hopper, the dust major part of kicking up falls in the packing plastics bag, and low amounts of dust extracts by the blower fan of pipeline through flat bag dedusting unit 29.
Also have a small amount of refining metallic powder through in the multistage classifier gas separated, just can recycle through after the dedusting.Dusty gas separates through pulse backblowing formula sack cleaner 19, can reach 0.5-3 μ m in pulse backblowing formula sack cleaner 19 its granularities of collected metal dust.The source of the gas of its cloth bag blowback is from air accumulator 23, and gas recycles.
Entering high pressure positive blower 21 circulatory systems through the gas after the dedusting uses.The gas that enters gas compressor 25 and vavuum pump 60 also must carry out dedusting with the trickleest metal dust of filtering through high efficiency particulate air filter 24.
Extract air by vavuum pump 60 before the whole device operation of the present invention, will prepare satisfactory source of the gas 2 in advance then, charge into system by pipeline as nitrogen or inert gas.The high pressure positive blower 21 of recyclegas in air pressure balance jar 20 enters in the jar, and most gas enters spray chamber 110, and a part of gas enters centrifugal classifier, has formed recycling of this part gas.Valve on the distribution of air quantity size can be threaded a pipe is adjusted.Another part gas enters gas compressor 25 through high efficiency particulate air filter 24, presses in being stored in after the gas pressurized in the air accumulator 27, and for atomizer 101 provides the pressure stable source of the gas, gas offers atomizer 101 after gas heating stove 4 heating.Gas after atomizer 101 step-downs is got back to again in the air pressure balance jar 20.Outlet pressure during gas compressor 25 work remains on 2.0~10.0MPa.Gas compressor 25 air inlets have tubular heat exchanger 28, to reduce intake air temperature, improve compressor operating efficient.The inspiratory capacity of gas compressor is difficult to accomplish that the air consumption with atomizer 101 is in full accord, and we propose and should can make the intrasystem gas pressure of institute like this and reduce greater than the consumption of atomizer 101.In order to reach balance, the present invention has proposed a cover decompression balance sysmte especially, and the excessive gas of gas compressor 25 outlets is got back in the compensator 20 after decompression, and recirculation is used.Gas presses air accumulator 27 to cross after once reducing pressure to pressure-reducing valve 33 from gas compressor 25 outlets, carry out the secondary decompression through direct-operated regulator 48 again, its outlet pressure is adjusted to 0.1~0.5KPa, and just control valve 48 cuts out automatically when pressure reaches 0.1~0.5KPa.Open when being lower than 0.1~0.5KPa control valve 48.Reduce to the setting value lower limit for example during 0.1KPa when compensator 20 internal pressures, open pneumatic charge valve 53 and directly to compensator 20 in, inflate.If compensator 20 internal pressures are higher than capping pressure for example during 0.6KPa, open the minute-pressure atmospheric valve that is arranged on the compensator 20 and outwards exit.Flow, the pressure balance of gas circulation use have so just been guaranteed.The excessive gas of blower outlet is also by being stored in the air accumulator 22,23 after pressure-reducing valve 34 and the decompression of filtering pressure reducing valve 35,36 secondaries, for pulse backblowing formula sack cleaner 19 and pulse air knife bolt streaming dense-phase transporting system provide pressure gas source.All like this nitrogen all is recovered and recycles.
The present invention proposes gas and leak JUMPS Automated Supplemental System.Because equipment, pipeline, gas compressor piston ring and discharging etc. all can cause leaking of a part of gas device in, so continuous flow procedure needs make-up gas in installing.Source of the gas 2 provides the gas that satisfies pressure, flow.When gas leaked in the system, gas compressor 25 outlet air accumulators 27 pressure can descend gradually, when reaching the setting minimum pressure, secondary meter control tonifying Qi pneumatic operated valve 26 is opened, circulating air pneumatic operated valve 54 cuts out simultaneously, and recyclegas is blocked, and gas is from source of the gas 2 tonifying Qi in device.The gas that replenishes makes nitrogen compressor 25 outlet air accumulators 27 pressure raise gradually, prescribes a time limit when pressure reaches on the setting pressure, and secondary meter control tonifying Qi pneumatic operated valve 26 cuts out, and circulating air pneumatic operated valve 54 is opened simultaneously.Such tonifying Qi process is finished, and device returns to the circular flow state again.
When the grading system that whole fuel pulverizing plant of the present invention is made metal dust separately used, the powder by atomization part should be stopped (holding furnace 5, gas heating stove 4, nitrogen compressor 25 are stopped in the middle of metal molten stove 3, the metal), and other parts are opened.Metal dust to be fractionated can be poured in the classification batch can 32, adjusted the motor speed of feeder 55 by the frequency converter on the classification batch can 32 bottom dosing units 55 and control powder sending quantity.Under the effect of high pressure positive blower 21 pressure-vaccums, metal dust can carry out the secondary classification through the grading system.Through the metal dust of secondary classification, size distribution can be narrower.
What the present invention proposed is the system that a cover is produced refining metallic powder continuously, and gas circulation over a long time can be brought a series of problem.The oxygen content of gas, dew point etc. are the keys of decision production safety and metal powder granulates shape etc.The active metal powder surface does not have Passivation Treatment, behind ingress of air or the water spontaneous combustion can take place, and along with the reducing of metal dust granularity, this danger is just big more, for example Fine Aluminum Powder, magnesium powder etc.With the aluminium powder is example, production ball aluminum powder gas can be controlled oxygen content between 1~0.1%, producing non-ball aluminum powder oxygen content can be controlled between 5~9%, dew point should be controlled at less than-40 ℃, continuous flow procedure, recyclegas is an oxygen process in the system, and oxygen monitoring and control device are set between high pressure positive blower 21 and gas atomization device, comes gas oxygen content in the control system by dried compressed air air inlet 1.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of production equipment of refining metallic powder comprises: gas atomization device, powder cooling chamber, water-cooled heat-exchanger rig, grading device, powder transfer device, powder packing device, dedusting device, high pressure positive blower; Motlten metal is after the gas atomization device atomizing, enter into the powder cooling chamber and carry out cooled and solidified, after the cooled powder of water-cooled heat-exchanger rig is through the classification of grading device, send into the powder packing device by powder transfer device again and carry out the packing of product, the gas that contains a small amount of refining metallic powder is by the dedusting of dedusting device, and turns back to described grading device and described gas atomization device recycles by high pressure positive blower; Between described high pressure positive blower and described gas atomization device, also be provided with oxygen monitoring and control device; It is characterized in that, described gas atomization device comprises atomizer, awl cover and spray chamber, described spray chamber is made up of horizontal jet pipe and an expansion chamber, on the described awl cover guide duct that can import gas is installed, described atomizer is fixed on the exhaust end of described awl cover by ring flange, described spray chamber outer wall is provided with cooling jacket, be provided with near a section of described atomizer in the described awl cover and prevent the air-flow rotation and make the uniform deflector of distribution of gas, described awl cover is equipped with the fish scale orifice plate away from 60 °~100 ° angles, lower end of described atomizer, the gap that keeps 10~50mm between this fish scale orifice plate and the described jet pipe wall, gas can enter into spray chamber through described fish scale orifice plate by the gap.
2, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described high pressure positive blower is arranged in the air pressure balance jar.
3, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise the gas balance system, this system comprises filter, gas compressor and pressure-reducing valve, an output of described air pressure balance jar connects filter, gas compressor and pressure-reducing valve successively, the input of described pressure-reducing valve links to each other with an input of described air pressure balance jar again, constitutes a closed circuit.
4, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the also external source of the gas of described air pressure balance jar can be to system's make-up gas when the air pressure of system reduces.
5, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 4 is characterized in that, also is provided with the visor that can observe the atomizing situation on the described awl cover.
6, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described grading device comprises centrifugal classifier, cyclone type clasfficiator, cyclone dust collectors and sack cleaner, and described centrifugal classifier, cyclone type clasfficiator, cyclone dust collectors and sack cleaner series connection are provided with.
7, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described powder transfer device is a pulse air knife bolt streaming powder delivery system.
8, the production equipment of a kind of refining metallic powder according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described powder packing device comprises reception batch can and decompression dedusting hopper, metal dust after the classification enters into described reception batch can by described pulse air knife bolt streaming powder delivery system, packs by described decompression dedusting hopper at last.
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CNB2005100049216A CN1325210C (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2005-01-28 | Manufacturing instrument of superfine metal powder |
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CNB2005100049216A CN1325210C (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2005-01-28 | Manufacturing instrument of superfine metal powder |
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CN1325210C true CN1325210C (en) | 2007-07-11 |
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CN115213421B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Steel powder atomization system for short-process 3D printing and atomization method thereof |
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