CN1324973A - Multifunctional building block - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a building material, in particular a kind of brick, which characterized by that said brick is equipped with mortise and tenon for interlocking each with other, when it is used, it can be in hollow form and needs no mortar. Said invention can be made into baking-free brick or aerated brick. It can raise construction speed and reduce building cost, and said brick can be repeatedly used, has no mortar garbage.

Description

Multifunctional building block

The invention belongs to a kind of constructional materials, brick especially for building.

Known brick, i.e. building block can not be fastened and connected mostly, and some can fasten connection, and unreasonable structure influences the intensity of brick, and complex structure is difficult for producing, the cost height, profile is single, attractive in appearance inadequately.Just there is above-mentioned shortcoming in patent 95313635.3.A kind of stone building block is arranged, connect with dovetail between two.But natural stone processing difficulties, cost height, mortise and tenon can not be enough big, and shortage should have intensity.The building block of rivers,lakes and seas canal bank shore protection owing to there is not fastening structure, slided easily, is subsided.The floor tile of floor file also has this shortcoming.Known hollow brick, non-burning brick, foamed bricks, ash bricks do not have tenon structure, can not fasten mutually.Mortise and tenon fastens the convex-concave refer in two or the polylith building block and can not only correspondingly enter, and can produce pulling force or card power, and is spacing to adjacent brick, makes it and can not throw off.Known hollow brick, the contact surface of brick and brick diminishes, and the bond area of mortar also diminishes, and influences the intensity of building.Known brick producing material is not extensive, especially lacks to make non-burning brick new material, new prescription, new technology.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of brick, or claim building block with tenon structure.When using, this brick can build mortar, by the fastening power connection of brick.This brick can be a hollow brick, and is also non-burning brick.It can improve the performance of brick, reduces cost, and has aesthetic preferably.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of non-burning brick new material, new prescription, new technology.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

Having in the building block can the corresponding mortise and tenon that enters, fastens.The building block of band mortise and tenon can be hollow-core construction or combined hollow structure.This building block can be formed by multiple material compound sticking, can be a kind of no-firing brick.That mortise and tenon can be is round table-like, cylindric, Fang Taizhuan, swallow-tail form, or the big root of head is little or the big young shape of tripe, or circle fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches side tenon, or square fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches circle tenon, or can corresponding other shapes that enter, fasten.Building block can be in a tubular form, 1 font, U font.Building block has the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches or tenon at upper and lower surface at least.Building-block can be the hollow of sealing.In hollow filler can be arranged.One of building block or two can be circular arc or hypotenuse shape, can every all be the same planform, also can divide fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches brick and tenon brick.Being mortise entirely on the brick of the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches, is tenon entirely on the tenon brick.Building block can be the full curve shape, does not promptly have straight line.Building block can be made moulding with the method for mold pressing or casting.Building block can be that band exposes the hollow-core construction in hole, is beneficial to kind of a grass.The mortise and tenon of all bricks can be in same plane, or on same stripping direction, is convenient to processing.

Non-burning brick available cement of the present invention, lime, gypsum, earth, sand, fiber, plant stem-leaf, mineral powder etc. are made alone or in combination.Wherein can add various additives, modifier.As adhesive, blowing agent, curing compound.Also can add shades of colour, make colored brick.As cement or gypsum and earth and/or fiber combinations.As earth or fiber reinforcedization agent or/and bonding agent.Composite gypsum material can adopt the casting technique moulding.

The present invention and known technology ratio, have following progress: 1, mortise and tenon is detained mutually, has good structural capacity, makes building solid and reliable.Especially more firm, solid than make the wall that adhesives or hollow brick be built into the lime mortar.2, the slurry of can not plastering, directly laid dry, speed of application is fast, technical requirements is not high, and whole adjustment is easy, thereby makes things convenient for the building of rural area lid below three layers especially, and the user need not ask someone, and ownly just can build a house.3, building block is owing to glue mortar with, thereby for convenience detachly gets off to reuse.And do not produce block slag waste material after the dismounting, free from environmental pollution.4, hollow-core construction can guaranteed strength, can save raw material again.5, closed hollow brick helps increasing the intensity of brick, increases the contact area of brick and brick, helps improving the performance of wall.6, various curved brick, radial brick, angle brick, limit brick can satisfy the needs of different structure body of wall or building.7, the hollow brick exposed face is with holes can plant grass, beautifies the environment.8, raw material are more saved in the building block of band combined hollow structure, both can build solid wall, can build hollow wall again.9, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches vertebra structure of various bricks makes brick have aesthetic preferably.10, new material, new prescription have enlarged non-burning brick material source, help improving the performance of brick, reduce cost.

Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1-4 is respectively the looking up of brick A, mainly look, overlook, left view shape.

Fig. 5, the 6th, two kinds of hollow brick stereograms of brick A.

Fig. 7 is that brick A is combined into the body of wall schematic diagram.

Fig. 8-the 12nd, the facing upward of another form of structure of brick A, lead, bow, left view and stereogram.

Figure 13-the 15th, three kinds of brick A change form of structure.

Figure 16-the 17th, brick A is with the tenon structure form on four sides.

Figure 18-the 19th, brick A builds the schematic diagram of embayment shape building.

Figure 20-23 is respectively tile front view, left view, stereogram and the vertical view of brick B.

Figure 24-27 is respectively post brick front view, left view, stereogram and the vertical view of brick B.

Figure 28-32 be respectively the concave edge brick of brick B master, a left side, bow, upward view and stereogram.

Figure 33-37 be respectively the chimb brick of brick B master, a left side, bow, upward view and stereogram.

Figure 38-43 be respectively brick B angle brick master, a left side, face upward, bow, right view and stereogram.

Figure 44-49 is respectively solid wall or the hollow wall schematic diagram of brick B.

Figure 50, the 51st, the combined hollow wall schematic diagram of brick C.

Figure 52-54 is respectively that the tile right side of brick C is looked, main looking and stereogram.

Figure 55-58 is respectively that the post brick master of brick C looks, a left side is looked, overlooks and stereogram.

Figure 59-62 is respectively protruding brick front view, left view, vertical view and the stereogram of brick C.

Figure 63, the 64th, a kind of solid wall of brick C.

Figure 65 is the rectangular combination schematic diagram of brick C.

Figure 66-the 69th, tile front view, left view, stereogram and the vertical view of brick D.

Figure 70-the 73rd, post brick front view, left view, stereogram and the vertical view of brick D.

Figure 74-the 76th, the front view of brick E, left view, vertical view.

Figure 77-the 79th, the front view of brick F, left view, vertical view.

Figure 80-the 82nd, the front view of brick G, left view, vertical view.

Figure 83-the 84th, the front view of brick G, left view, vertical view.

Figure 85-the 87th, the rear elevation of brick 1, front view, cut-away view.

Fig. 1-4, brick A, have below two protruding 1, have above two recessed 2, the wide or height of brick is 1/2 of a length, protruding 1, recessed 2 are taper type, be convenient to make with brick protruding compress into recessed in fastening.In this explanation, recessed is the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and protruding is tenon.The upper and lower surface of brick A respectively has a square shaped convex-concave.

Fig. 5, brick A closed hollow is broken away an angle.This brick can be made by cement concrete or modification earth.The processing method of closed hollow can be to process open recessedly earlier, puts into shelf or other fillers again in recessed, and then the processing close mouth.Filler can be gas or liquid or the earth or the other materials of sealing.Can find out shelf 3 and sealing chamber 4 from cut-away view.Brick A also can be a solid brick, and the processing of can inflating, foam this brick can add or be made by light material, but concaveconvex structure is constant.

Fig. 6 can process with die pressing.Also can resemble cast metal, plastics, casting.Other bricks too.The limit of brick can be the hypotenuse shape, to increase into the aesthetic feeling behind the wall or to allow mortar embed in the seam.

Among Fig. 7, two of last brick are protruding, inject two of two following bricks recessed in, two bricks are strained.But brick A is vertical or swing to use also, i.e. the effect of Fig. 7 half-twist or 180 °.After being built into wall, the convex-concave of brick is interosculated, and the four directions can both produce spacing power, and brick can not be moved, and aligned in position.Dotted line is represented concavo-convex shape, position and matching relationship among the figure.This brick structure is simple, handling ease.It is concavo-convex to enter mutually, produces spacing card power.

Fig. 8-12, the protruding and recessed circle that become of brick A, or semicircle.And two holes 5 are arranged on exposed face, these two holes can be for kind of a careless usefulness, soil is arranged in hollow.Hole 5 also can be opened on actinal surface, i.e. the seam crossing of two bricks, and at this moment hole 5 can become semicircle breach 505 shapes of Fig. 6.Can there be hole or breach yet.Exposed face refers to that brick becomes behind the wall observable.The 101st, a kind of round platform is protruding, and the 202nd, a kind of semicircle is recessed.Concavo-convexly all can be difformities such as hexagon, ellipse.Circular convex-concave helps wall corner, bending.Also help rotary cutting processing.Can have a plurality of circles recessed, recessed many more material-savings need determine recessed quantity according to structure.

Figure 13, brick A are up and down arc of curvature shape, and all the other structures are constant, and this brick vallum or make floor tile usefulness can produce wavy aesthetic pattern.

Crooked arc before and after Figure 14, brick A are, the same with Figure 13, have aesthetic.This brick two is different, and one is the hypotenuse shape, and hypotenuse helps building into the figure wall.Also but two all is hypotenuse shape or straight flange shape.The 203rd, recessed.

Figure 15 two is circular-arc, and this brick can be used for building circular wall.Brick A can two bricks builds in vertical state to be put, and is used for the rotation angle position of wall.After brick A built into wall, materials such as the equal available water cement mortar in two sides carried out the surface and smear.

Figure 16,17, brick A have become groove shape hollow shape 205, and this also is a kind of recessed, and the centre there is not muscle, so more material-saving.Two also has protruding 102 and recessed 204.This brick has increased a pair of mortise and tenon, makes the four sides seam crossing that mortise and tenon all be arranged, and the structural capacity of brick and brick has more been strengthened.Protruding 101 of this brick can still be two.Two distances between protruding should corresponding lengthening.Brick A can all have convex-concave structure on all joint faces, as Figure 16,17.Also can be only on the joint face convex-concave structure being arranged up and down, as Fig. 1-14.

Figure 18,19 is because brick A's is protruding 101 rounded, so be inserted in recessed rotatable.Change certain angle, help assembling round building.Protruding 101 of this brick can cooperate with recessed being at any angle.The bullnose brick of Figure 15 helps the making of this arcuate structure.Brick A can have only protruding or have only recessed, the needs of different structure in being beneficial to construct.Brick A can the every the same planform of brick.Brick A by concavo-convex between the adjacent brick be harmonious, enter, fastening, a brick card two bricks produce structural capacity, form body of wall, therefore can build mortar, directly the drystone city wall.Brick A not only can exempt to build, and can be hollow to greatest extent, with conservation.Increase the space and also can reduce wall weight, increase the temperature adjustment ability.

Figure 20-23, the shape of brick B is identical with a kind of magic square jigsaw puzzle on the market, and different is that volume has increased, and has increased post brick kind, and allowing has hole 707,707 to see Figure 44 on the metope that is combined into, or brick itself porose 6.Recessed 7 protruding 8 cooperate with adjacent brick respectively.This brick is tile.This brick stretches out 6 angles, have two protruding two recessed, can every brick spline structure all.

Figure 24-27, the post brick of brick B mainly plays the dagger effect in hollow wall, and it is recessed 7 protruding 8 that post brick two has, and at the certain depth place step is arranged, so that the tile of Figure 20 cooperates with it.Can not have step yet, can add supporter during use, make the tile location.

Figure 28-37, concave edge brick, chimb brick all are the limit bricks, one side of limit brick is linearly, is used for the wall limit of building.According to different needs, be divided into recessed head or plush copper.

Figure 38-43, two right-angle sides of angle brick are linearly, are used for the place, corner of building.In the use, also can directly fill uneven place without limit brick, angle brick with mortar.

Figure 44,45,48, the 49th, solid wall has tile and post brick among Figure 46,47, be the combined hollow wall.The building that this brick is formed has good aesthetic.Form hollow wall, can save raw material more.This brick can not have the straight line of traditional brick, is curvilinear structures entirely.In the hollow wall, can allow the post brick be higher than tile, to increase structural strength.This brick uses as floor tile, can not only improve structural capacity, and has beauty function.Figure 48,49 usefulness the various structures of brick B, form a square, neat limit, angle are arranged.On the brick a plurality of holes can be arranged, hole 6, hole 707 can be used to the insertion instrument, adjust the position of tile.When doing floor tile, also can be used to grow grass.Figure 44,45 all is the tile with spline structure, adjacent four bricks of a brick screens.

Figure 50-58, brick C also divide tile and post brick.With recessed 9 be tile, with protruding 10 be the post brick.Tile only is with recessed 9.Figure 55-58, the post brick only is with protruding 10.Figure 50, the 51st, the hollow wall that brick C forms wherein has tile and post brick.Each angle of brick C all can be rounded, and certain radian is arranged, and is convenient to processing, and convenient the use is not fragile.

Figure 59-62, brick C also have this special protruding brick, and protruding brick is used to build solid wall.Figure 63,64 is exactly a kind of solid wall.Brick C surface is positive square, also can be rectangular.When becoming rectangle, its length-width-ratio can be 2: 1.Recessed 9 is rounded, also can be dove-tail.Figure 65 is the constitutional diagram of this rectangular tiles.Tile is rectangle among the figure, and length-width-ratio is 2: 1.Protruding brick enters in tile recessed, connects two tiles.

Figure 66-69, brick D are another mortise and tenon bricks, and brick is square, and protruding 8 outside square.Also can be rectangle, the same with the appearance and size of brick C, different is all to be with mortise and tenon on the every brick simultaneously.Mortise and tenon can lay respectively at the opposite side of brick, also can be positioned at adjacent side, decides according to needing.

Figure 70-73, the structure similar of the post brick of brick D and the post brick of brick B; Effect too.The size of mortise and tenon and brick face can be decided according to needing.

Of the present invention protruding and recessed can compression molding.Also machinable moulding, recessed as on half-dried base brick, getting out, screw out protruding.This method also can be used on the clinker brick, and is recessed as getting out on half-dried cob brick base, screw out protruding, and then sinter molding.

Fragment of brick of the present invention can add earth by cement and make non-burning brick.Can inflate, foaming, expansion process.Can add fiber substance, as plant stem-leaf, artificial fiber, ore deposit fiber etc.In the brick skeleton can be arranged, skeleton available metal, bamboo wood, plastics etc.Same class brick can be made of different materials.Do tile, do the post brick with earth as brick B with cement.

Figure 74-76, every brick of brick E is a spline structure all, concavo-convex two adjacent sides that lay respectively at brick, convex-concave all is arcs.This brick can be made with expanded material.

Figure 77-79, every brick of brick F is a spline structure all, the concavo-convex relative edge who lays respectively at brick, when brick E, F use, the concavo-convex fastening that is harmonious.

Figure 80-82, brick G is 1 font, in porose, full brick is run through in the hole in the horizontal direction.This hole can be square, circle, hexagon, ellipse.During use, protruding with the middle recessed fastening that is harmonious at two.

Figure 83-84, brick H is the u font, and the groove that runs through full brick is arranged on the horizontal direction.During use, on one side protrudingly enter fastening in another side recessed.

Figure 85-87, what brick 1 was different with brick H is that brick two has horizontal bar, makes the centre of brick become groove, its bottom Figure 85 identical with Figure 83, during use, protruding enter recessed in fastening.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of multifunctional building block, it is made alone or in combination by materials such as cement, earth, lime, gypsum, sand, mineral powder, fiber, plant stem-leaf, plastics, metals, it is characterized in that having in the building block entering mutually or/and the mortise and tenon that fastens; Or, have corresponding the entering of energy or/and the building block of the mortise and tenon that fastens is hollow shape or has the combined hollow structure; Or having can corresponding entering or/and the building block of the mortise and tenon that fastens is made by unburned material.

2, building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that building block can be full curve shape, round end shape, circular-arc, tubulose, 1 font, U font; The planform of every building block can be identical; Mortise and tenon can be positioned at upper and lower surface or all seam crossings of building block; Structure to two or four the spacing chuckings of building block can be arranged in building block simultaneously; The hollow of building block can be penetration state in the horizontal direction; In the building block preformed hole or hole can be arranged; The pipe eye of tubulose building block can be rounded, square, hexagon, ellipse; Mortise and tenon can be circular arc, recess shape, groove shape, round table-like, cylindric, Fang Taizhuan, can have tapering; Building block can divide tile or post brick, and tile or post brick can be made from a variety of materials respectively; The hollow closed that is of building block wherein can be inserted gas, the liquid or solid filler of sealing; Can have tenon structure simultaneously in the building block, a plurality of mortise and tenons can be arranged.

3, a kind of multifunctional building block, it can be hollow shape, can have tenon structure, it is characterized in that making alone or in combination, wherein can add admixtures such as binding, solidfied material, modifier by materials such as cement, earth, lime, gypsum, sand, mineral powder, fiber, plant stem-leaf, plastics, metals.

4, a kind of manufacture method of multifunctional building block is characterized in that using the casting technique moulding.

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