CN1324713A - 有超声适配器的工具机 - Google Patents

有超声适配器的工具机 Download PDF

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CN1324713A
CN1324713A CN01119003.5A CN01119003A CN1324713A CN 1324713 A CN1324713 A CN 1324713A CN 01119003 A CN01119003 A CN 01119003A CN 1324713 A CN1324713 A CN 1324713A
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考夫·阿德里安
蒂谢·斯特凡
利特曼·瓦尔特
沃拉斯切克·约尔格
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Sauer GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/041—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs with cylinder saws, e.g. trepanning; saw cylinders, e.g. having their cutting rim equipped with abrasive particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators

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  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有超声适配器(1)的工具机(3),超声适配器包括一个与电超声频发生器(8)连接的电容式电声转换器(4),用于产生用于工具(2)的超声波,其中,电容式电声转换器(4)与变压器(6)的次级绕组(5)连接,以及超声频发生器(8)与其初级绕组(7)连接。

Description

有超声适配器的工具机
本发明涉及一种有超声适配器的工具机，例如岩心钻或研磨机，用于例如磨削或切屑加工固体，如建筑材料，例如岩石、金属或木材。
由EP0280835例如已知借助一个至少部分旋转的在其端部有硬质材料的圆柱形钻头磨锯式加工岩石。这种钻头通常用水作为冲洗和冷却液。在这里超声振荡通过在超声波频段内的电容式电声转换器生成。电声转换器可例如由偏压的压电片构成。
在超声波频段内的电容式电声转换器，例如压电片由一种作为电容器电介质的电致伸缩的材料制成，它在施加电压的情况下改变其尺寸。如此设计的电容器基于其机械性能有固有谐振。为了产生足够的变形，电容式电声转换器需要高的电压。
通常压电转换器的电(电容)特性通过电感补充，电感调整为使在电侧形成的并联谐振回路有与机械谐振回路相同的谐振频率，机械谐振回路由声转换器的刚度和质量决定。
按EP0720890B1的手动工具机有一个磨削材料的圆柱形旋转的工具，通过一个用电致伸缩的材料制的电容式电声转换器在工具上沿轴向叠加一个纵向超声场。钻头按超声场频率振幅谐振设计。
按US3614484，用于驱动旋转工具的钻孔机的超声适配器有一个用电致伸缩的材料制造随同旋转的电容式电声转换器，它通过滑环与超声频交流电压连接。这种供电方式的缺点是由于机械接触造成磨损，从而限制了使用寿命。此外，由于使用水，考虑到在电致伸缩的转换器工作中要求高的电压，因而产生可能影响到使用者安全性的绝缘困难的问题。
此外，由EP0680060A1已知具有分别用于定子和转子的圆环状U形铁芯的环形可旋转的旋转变压器或变压器，它通过配属的线圈将电能借助交变磁场从定子传输给转子。
本发明的目的是设计一种能避免上述缺点有超声适配器的工具机，超声适配器用于在工具上施加超声振荡。本发明的另一方面是在工具机的旋转运动上叠加超声振荡。
此目的主要通过独立权利要求所述特征达到。由从属权利要求给出有利的进一步发展。
为了工具机超声适配器进行非接触式能量传递，重要之点在于有一个与变压器次级绕组连接的电容式电声转换器，变压器的初级绕组与一个产生在超声波段内的交变电压的电超声频发生器连接，并由此通过交变磁场将电功率无接触地传输给电容式电声转换器，与此同时次级绕组与电容式电声转换器结合构成一个并联谐振回路，并在谐振的情况下促使电压升高。
由于无接触地能量传输显著减小了机械磨损，对于工具机的使用寿命起有利的作用。此外，在加工被水沾污的材料时不产生能量传输中的绝缘问题。通过利用次级绕组作为并联电感，省去了为平衡电的振荡回路所需的附加的电感。
当工具可能，但并非必要地绕工具轴线至少部分旋转或振动运动时，有利的是，随工具一起至少部分旋转或一起振动的电容式电声转换器，经由一个至少可部分旋转的变压器与超声频发生器无接触地连接。
此外有利的是，电容式电声转换器、次级振荡回路、初级振荡回路以及工具尤其钻头纵向振荡振幅的谐振频率，与超声频发生器的频率彼此调谐。
有利的是，无接触地能量传输的变压器的一部分，例如次级绕组，可利用来调谐有电容式电声转换器的电的谐振回路。
通过无接触能量传输的变压器一些部分的上述多重利用，再加上这些部分沿径向互相套叠的布局，例如从内向外包括内部变压器铁芯、次级绕组、气隙、初级绕组、外部变压器铁芯，可有利地实现一种无接触能量传输的变压器非常紧凑的结构方式。
有利的是变压器由两个线圈构成，它们在两个开口彼此相对的U形的罐形磁心内部，因此两个U形罐形磁心构成了一个基本上封闭的罐形磁心，其中每一个U形罐形磁心旋转固定地配设一个线圈。
作为替换方案，可旋转的变压器(Transformator)由两个互相套叠相对于工具轴线相反定向的U形罐形磁心组成，它们各含有一个旋转固定地配设的平行于工具轴线定向的线圈，其中，初级绕组配属于与工具机旋转固定地连接的定子，以及次级绕组配属于与工具旋转固定连接的转子。
此外有利地就直径而言，内部的U形罐形磁心和次级线圈处于沿径向的里面，而外部的U形罐形磁心和初级线圈在沿径向的外面，因此平行于工具轴线形成一种运动自由度，可以沿工具轴线振动去耦，以及例如在更换工具和组合在一起的电容式电声转换器及变压器的次级部分时可以分解变压器。
为了使变压器的结构尺寸最小，绕组匝数比为1∶1是有利的。此外，绕组数量少是电网频率在20至35kHz范围内带来的结果。
铁磁性的内部变压器铁芯的质量起振动质量的作用，并可利用来平衡机械的振动系统。
有利的是此内部的变压器铁芯由层叠的和彼此电绝缘的薄片构成，为了避免涡流损失它们遵循磁力线并组合成块状或无切削成形。
此外有利的是电容式电声转换器沿工具轴线的纵向布置，使沿工具轴线方向出现的振动振幅通过当地轴向压力的提高增加材料磨削量。
对于工具纵向振荡的振幅而言，有利的是将电容式电声转换器设在一节点内。
下面借助有利的实施例进一步说明本发明，附图包括：
图1有超声适配器的工具机；
图2电和机械的振荡回路的等效电路。
按图1，产生工具2绕工具轴线A旋转运动的图中未完整地画出的工具机3的超声适配器1，有一个可旋转的并与可旋转的变压器6的次级绕组5连接的电容式电声转换器4，变压器的初级绕组7与一个高功率的在超声波段内的超声频发生器8连接，其中次级绕组5与电容式电声转换器4并联。工具2设计为空心钻，用于在岩石9内磨切圆柱形岩心，并通过沿工具轴线A的钻孔液体通道10与工具机3连接。变压器6由两个开口彼此相对的U形罐形磁心组成，它们分别含有旋转固定地配设的平行于工具轴线A定向的线圈，其中，设计为初级绕组7的线圈配属于与工具机3旋转固定连接的定子，而设计为次级绕组5的线圈配属于与工具2旋转固定连接的转子。结构紧凑的变压器6沿径向从内向外布置有作为内部变压器铁芯11的空心U形罐形磁心、次级绕组5、气隙12、初级绕组7以及作为外部变压器铁芯13的环状U形罐形磁心。环状空心的电容式电声转换器4沿工具机3轴向布置为与内部的变压器铁芯11和次级绕组5相邻，因此它的质量一起考虑在工具2的机械振荡回路中。
按图2的等效电路中，涉及交变电流i2和交流电压u2的电振荡回路有线圈形成的电感Lp、电容式电声转换器形成的电容Cp和通过损失确定的电阻Rp。此电振荡回路通过耦合1∶A与涉及移动速度V和位移力F的机械振荡回路耦合。机械振荡回路通过自衰减d、刚度1/c和质量m以及阻尼负载dL描述。电感Lp用于感应式地借助供交变电流i1和交流电压u1的变压器次级侧传输能量。
此装置借助一个当频率为20kHz时功率需求为2KW的超声执行元件确定尺寸。由此对于按比值ü=1传输的变压器得出电源电压的U2=1000V和I2=2A。当采用一种有利地导引磁通量不在饱和状态工作的材料时，业已证实120匝对于初级侧和次级侧需要的工作表面而言是有利的。由于采用电网频率为20kHz这种数量较少的匝数是允许的。

Claims (13)

1．有超声适配器的工具机，超声适配器包括一个与电超声频发生器(8)连接的电容式电声转换器(4)，用于产生用于工具(2)的超声波，其特征为：电容式电声转换器(4)与变压器(6)的次级绕组(5)连接，以及超声频发生器(8)与其初级绕组(7)连接。
2．按照权利要求1所述的工具机，其特征为：电容式电声转换器(4)和/或次级振荡回路和/或工具(2)纵向振荡振幅的谐振频率，与超声频发生器(8)的频率大小彼此调谐。
3．按照权利要求1或权利要求2所述的工具机，其特征为：超声适配器(1)和/或工具(2)针对在20至35kHz范围内的谐振频率确定大小。
4．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：电容式电声转换器(4)布置为沿工具机(3)的轴向与次级绕组(5)相邻。
5．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：变压器(6)包括沿径向从内向外布置的内部变压器铁芯(11)、次级绕组(5)、气隙(12)、初级绕组(7)和外部变压器铁芯(13)。
6．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：变压器(6)由两个在作为变压器铁芯(11、13)的开口彼此相对的罐形磁心内部的线圈构成，以及，为每一个罐形磁心旋转固定地配设一个线圈，其中，初级绕组(7)配属于与工具机(3)旋转固定连接的定子，次级绕组(5)配属于与工具(2)旋转固定连接的转子。
7．按照权利要求1至5之一所述的工具机，其特征为：变压器(6)有两个互相套叠相对于工具轴线(A)相反定向的作为变压器铁芯(11、13)的罐形磁心，它们各含有一个旋转固定和相对于工具轴线(A)平行定向地配设的线圈，其中，初级绕组(7)配属于与工具机(3)旋转固定连接的定子，以及次级绕组(5)配属于与工具(2)旋转固定连接的转子。
8．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：工具(2)可更换地配设有组合在一起的电容式电声转换器(4)和变压器(6)的次级部分。
9．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：变压器(6)设计为可至少部分地绕工具轴线(A)旋转或可振荡。
10．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：内部变压器铁芯(11)的质量可利用来平衡机械振荡系统。
11．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：内部变压器铁芯(11)由层叠的和彼此电绝缘的薄片构成。
12．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：就工具(2)纵向振荡的振幅而言将电容式电声转换器(4)布置在一个节点内。
13．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的工具机，其特征为：工具(2)和/或变压器(6)和/或电容式电声转换器(4)沿工具轴线(A)的纵向设计为空心的。
CN01119003.5A 2000-05-23 2001-05-15 有超声适配器的工具机 Expired - Lifetime CN1219602C (zh)

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