CN1320201C - 包含受控物质释放的柔性材料 - Google Patents

包含受控物质释放的柔性材料 Download PDF

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CN1320201C
CN1320201C CNB2003801034397A CN200380103439A CN1320201C CN 1320201 C CN1320201 C CN 1320201C CN B2003801034397 A CNB2003801034397 A CN B2003801034397A CN 200380103439 A CN200380103439 A CN 200380103439A CN 1320201 C CN1320201 C CN 1320201C
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microcapsules
flexible material
current
local heat
material according
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CN1711390A (zh
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G·马马罗波洛斯
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K8/02Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/11Encapsulated compositions
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    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q15/00Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/005Compositions containing perfumes; Compositions containing deodorants
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/12Processes in which the treating agent is incorporated in microcapsules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/347Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D1/00Garments
    • A41D1/002Garments adapted to accommodate electronic equipment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D2400/00Functions or special features of garments
    • A41D2400/36Deoderising or perfuming
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/41Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
    • A61K2800/412Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/83Electrophoresis; Electrodes; Electrolytic phenomena
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202Conductive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51Elastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/758Odour absorbent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00Clothing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2459/00Nets, e.g. camouflage nets
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H05B2203/015Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y10T442/378Coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded
    • Y10T442/3846Including particulate material other than fiber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3976Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

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Abstract

一种柔性材料,其可实现微囊封装物质的受控释放。该材料的一个构件是交织的纤维。第二构件是用于传递电流并产生散布在纤维中的局部加热的装置。第三构件是至少一个微胶囊,其位于交织纤维和电流传递装置之上或之内,包含有物质,并可在因选择性地加热该电流传递装置而产生局部加热从而破裂时释放所述物质。第四构件是用于控制从电流传递装置中通过的电流以实现受控局部加热的装置。

Description

包含受控物质释放的柔性材料
技术领域
本发明涉及可穿戴的电子装置和物质的受控释放。
背景技术
微囊封装技术涉及将少量的物质如香水封装在只有几微米直径的塑料、明胶或聚合物的球体中。这些球体在破裂时释放出物质。破裂可以机械式地(例如用手指甲刮擦或剥离设于球体任一侧上的粘合剂)、化学式地(例如通过在溶剂中溶解球体从而释放物质)或通过加热地(例如利用外部热源将球体加热至其开始破裂的熔点之上)来发生。在微胶囊中可以封装各种物质。例如,这些物质可以是香气、染料、洗液或油。物质可在微胶囊中保存长达数年之久。
在传统上,微胶囊的使用被限制在杂志中的带香味嵌件和可买到的“刮破然后嗅到”的商品中,这两者都是比较刚性的。
美国专利No.4990392(’392专利)介绍了一种包括有利用热粘合材料施加在织物上的微胶囊的纺织品,其通过引用结合于本文中。’392专利描述了将包含物质的微胶囊添加到纺织品上,使微胶囊能承受纺织品的清洗和其它正常使用。在纺织品的正常使用期间,微胶囊可能因温度升高或压力增大而破裂。但是,包含在微胶囊中的物质的释放无法进行选择性控制。
包含导电纤维的织物在本领域中也是众所周知的。这种织物包括与纺织用纤维交织在一起以产生电路的纤维。利用开关或电源可使电流有选择地经过这种织物上的某个区域。图1显示了包含有导电纤维的衣服2。衣服2具有三条由导电纤维组成的电流通路3,3’,3”,电流可从电源4中流经这些电流通路。利用其它已知的技术如导电墨水也可形成电流通路。衣服2还包括开关5,衣服的穿戴者可选择他或她所希望的电流通路。例如,使用者可在夹子6处将便携式电子装置如无线电话或手提收音机附着在衣服2上。当穿戴者将开关5调节到为电子装置供电的位置时,电流从电源4中经电流通路3”传递到夹子6上,并进入到所附着的装置中。也可以选择构成电流通路3,3’,3”的导电纤维而使其具有高电阻。因此,它们可用做电阻器,并以热量的形式来释放电能。可采用电流通路3,3’,3”来在所选择的区域内加热衣服2。但是,这些织物并不用于选择性地控制物质从织物本身中的释放。
发明内容
因此,需要一种柔性织物,其包括用于选择性地控制物质的释放而无现有技术局限性的装置。
在一个方面,包括数个构件的柔性材料满足了对允许微囊封装物质的受控释放的柔性材料的需求。一个构件是交织的纤维。第二构件是用于传递电流并产生散布在纤维中的局部加热的装置。第三构件是至少一个微胶囊,其位于交织纤维和电流传递装置之上或之内,包含有物质,并可在因选择性地加热该电流传递装置而产生局部加热从而破裂时释放所述物质。第四构件是用于控制从电流传递装置中通过的电流以实现受控局部加热的装置。
在一个实施例中,用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置是导电纤维。在另一实施例中,用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置是导电墨水。
在又一实施例中,所述至少一个微胶囊还包括热塑性聚合物。在另一实施例中,该热塑性聚合物形成了包含有待释放物质的所述至少一个微胶囊。
在又一实施例中,所述至少一个微胶囊在达到其熔点时释放物质。在另一实施例中,该物质具有比所述至少一个微胶囊的熔点更低的沸点。
在又一实施例中,所述物质是油、液体或固体材料。在另一实施例中,所述物质在释放到周围环境中时会产生一定的气味。
在又一实施例中,电流控制装置包括电源以及电流通路选择器。在另一实施例中,电流控制装置还包括至少一个可确定何时激励和去激励电流传递装置的可编程传感器。在另一实施例中,所述至少一个可编程传感器可检测预定数目的微胶囊何时已破裂。电流控制装置也可包括计时器。在一个实施例中,计时器根据所述至少一个微胶囊的熔点、微胶囊的数量以及包含在所述至少一个微胶囊中的物质的材料性质来确定何时去激励电流传递装置。
在另一实施例中,柔性材料包括多个微胶囊,微胶囊的第一部分包含有第一物质,而其第二部分包含有第二物质。在另一实施例中,第一物质和第二物质具有不同的材料性质。不同的材料性质可以是气味、熔点、粘性、物理状态、颜色、味道、化学成分和质地。在另一实施例中,包含有第一物质的第一部分微胶囊在柔性材料的某一区域上或其中成组地设置,使得电流控制装置局部地加热该区域,并且进行第一物质的释放。在另一实施例中,电流控制装置允许局部地加热第一或第二部分微胶囊,并且可控制地实现第一或第二物质的释放。
在又一实施例中,电流控制装置允许局部地加热第一和第二部分微胶囊,并且可控制地实现第一和第二物质的一部分的释放。
在另一实施例中,第一部分微胶囊具有与第二部分微胶囊不同的熔点。
在另一实施例中,电流控制装置包括用于局部地加热第一和第二部分微胶囊而只使第一部分微胶囊破裂并释放出其所包含物质的装置。
在一个方面,柔性材料包括交织的纤维;用于传递电流并产生散布在纤维中的局部加热的装置;至少一种位于交织的纤维和电流传递装置之上或之内的物质,该物质因选择性地加热电流传递装置所产生的局部加热而被蒸发;以及用于控制从产生局部加热的装置中通过的电流的装置。
在本发明的另一方面,一种可控制地释放包含在柔性材料中的物质的方法包括若干步骤。一个步骤是将纤维和用于传递电流并产生散布在织物纤维中的局部加热的装置集成起来。另一步骤是形成至少一个包含有物质的微胶囊。另一步骤是将该至少一个微胶囊集成在该集成式纤维和电流传递装置之上或之中。另一步骤是选择性地加热该至少一个微胶囊。另一步骤是使该至少一个微胶囊破裂,以及另一步骤是释放物质。
在本发明的另一方面,一种可控制地释放包含在柔性材料中的物质的方法包括:将纤维和用于传递电流并产生散布在织物纤维中的局部加热的装置集成起来;在交织的织物纤维和电流传递装置之上或之中形成物质;选择性地加热该物质;以及使该物质蒸发。
本发明提供了可从以下描述、附图和权利要求中清楚的许多优点。
附图说明
参考附图可以更完整地理解本发明,在图中:
图1显示了包括导电纤维的现有技术中的衣服;
图2显示了包括导电纤维和微囊封装物质的柔性材料的截面;
图3显示了包括导电纤维和多个区域的微囊封装物质的衣服;
图4显示了在其表面上的隔开区域中带有微囊封装物质的柔性导电材料上的某一区域的截面;和
图5显示了在其表面上的隔开区域中带有微囊封装物质的柔性导电材料的另一实施例。
具体实施方式
图2显示了包括导电纤维和微囊封装物质的柔性材料的截面。柔性材料包括由导电材料制成并织入到织物纤维层20中的导电纤维23。导电纤维23的两面上都覆有隔热层22,其用于防止微胶囊层21a和21b过热或被过快地加热。层21a和21b由包含某种物质如香水的微胶囊组成。当电流穿过导电纤维23时,它们起电阻器的作用,并发出一定量的热量。这便加热了隔热层22以及微胶囊层21a和21b。当单个微胶囊开始受热时,其所包含的香水达到其沸点。当单个微胶囊达到其熔点时,其破裂并释放出汽化的香水。
隔热层22可选择成能够保证只有有限量的热量将到达微胶囊,这样,在每次使用者通过导电纤维23来传递电流时,有限数量的微胶囊将破裂。这使得柔性材料可多次使用,因为在每次使用期间只有些许微胶囊破裂。隔热层也可作为包围了导电纤维23的涂层而存在。另外,也可将通过导电纤维23的电流量设定成能够实现所需量的微胶囊破裂。将在一次使用期间破裂的微胶囊的所需数量依赖于其所包含物质的材料性质。例如,如果微胶囊包含有高浓度的香气,那么在一次使用中只需要使几个微胶囊破裂。
在图2中,微胶囊层21a和21b也可由包含有不同物质的微胶囊组成。出于示例性的目的,假定柔性材料是衣服的一部分。这样,层21a靠近周围环境,而层21b靠近穿戴者的皮肤。层21a中的微胶囊可包含香水,这是因为香水物质应当足够地暴露在周围环境中。层21b中的微胶囊可包含润肤液,这是因为润肤液的释放应当更靠近穿戴者的皮肤来进行。
图3显示了由包括导电纤维和多个区域的微囊封装物质的柔性材料制成的衣服2。在这里,使用者可调节控制器50,以便从电源4中来激励区域30、区域31,或者为装置夹子6供电。区域30例如包含有微囊封装的除臭止汗药。由于这些区域位于使用者的腋窝附近,因此使用者可以激励这些区域,使那里的微胶囊破裂并提供除臭止汗药的释放。另外,区域30可包含传感器,其在检测到除臭或排汗发生时会发送信号给控制器50,以便在区域30中产生电流。传感器还可指示控制器50何时应当使区域30去激励,例如在一定量的微胶囊已经破裂时,或者在传感器不再检测到命令或排汗时。另外,控制器50也可被编程,从而在经过了由区域30中的微胶囊的熔点和/或数量所确定的预定时间周期之后自动地切断至区域30的电流。传感器可以是本领域中已知的任何类型的生物传感器、化学传感器或机械传感器。
区域31例如包含有至少一种香气。如果衣服2的穿戴者想要改变周围环境中的气味,那么他或她可调整控制器50来激励区域31。激励动作将使电流经电流通路3从电源4传递到区域31中。区域31中的导电纤维发热,使区域31中的一部分微胶囊破裂并释放出香气。在经过了根据区域31中的微胶囊的熔点和包含在微胶囊中的物质的材料性质而预设的时间周期之后,控制器50自动地切断至区域31的电流。例如,可对控制器50编程来产生30秒的至区域31的电流,这是因为在这种速率下,区域31中的微胶囊破裂将释放充足的香气,从而在这一时间周期内舒适地改变使用者的周边环境。另外,使用者可根据其个人喜好来手动地调节控制器50。
衣服2制成使得区域30和31中的微胶囊和导电纤维以及电流通路30,30’,30”和30中的导电纤维可以与其它的衣服一起清洗,而不会撕破任何微胶囊或影响任何导电纤维。另外,衣服2可在给定区域中包括足够的微胶囊,以实现一定数量的使用次数。例如,区域31可包含足够的微胶囊,使得其中所包含的香气可在每次30秒的电流激励下释放600次。这样,衣服2具有根据区域中微胶囊的数量、微胶囊的破裂速率、微胶囊的受热次数以及微胶囊的熔点而确定的限定使用寿命。另一优点是,即使当衣服2就区域30和31而言达到了其使用寿命,其仍可作为衣服来穿。另外,通过经由电流通路3”将电流从电源4传递到夹子6上,衣服2仍可支持便携式电子装置,在夹子6上可安装该装置并为其供电。衣服2可以是使用者穿戴的任何类型的衣服,并不局限于图3所示的衬衫。另外,任何类型的柔性材料均可包括诸如区域30和31的区域。
图4显示了例如区域31中的柔性材料层的截面。在图4中,不同的微囊封装物质42,43,44的条带沉积在导电区域40之上。作为示例,使用者可调节控制器50来产生由二份物质44和一份物质42所组成的香气。控制器50通过电流通路来传递电流,其加热处于对应于微囊封装物质42,44,44的条带之下的导电织物区域40。隔热层41可防止相邻的条带受热。这样,在给定区域中可以同时且可控制地释放多种物质。
控制器50可进行编程,从而设定为产生给定结果、例如给定的色泽或香气所需的各条带的相对比例。这样,当使用者选择给定的色泽或香气时,控制器50将自动地从电源4中通过适当电流通路来传递电流,以便加热适当的导电区域40,从而导致必需比例的物质因微胶囊的破裂而释放出来。
另外,对应于物质42,43,44的条带可由具有对应于每种不同物质42,43,44的不同熔点的微胶囊形成。这样,可以同时加热所有的导电区域40,并根据微胶囊的不同熔点而释放出不同比例的物质42,43,44。
将物质直接沉积在区域31上也可形成对应于物质42,43,44的条带。换句话说,导电区域40可选择性地加热物质42,43,44,使其液化、蒸发或升华,并导致如同物质42,43,44被微囊封装的相同结果。
图5显示了区域31的矩阵布置,这样,控制器50可根据使用者所需的效果而选择性地激励子区域42,43,44。各子区域42,43,44可单独地控制,使得控制器50可将电流从电源4中经电流通路传递到给定子区域之下的导电区域40,并只加热所需的子区域。
上述表述和示例是示例性的,并不限制所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (25)

1.一种柔性材料,包括:
交织的纤维(20);
用于传递电流并产生散布在所述纤维(20)中的局部加热的装置(23);
至少一个位于所述交织的纤维(20)和所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)之上或之中的微胶囊,其包含有物质,并可在因选择性地加热所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)而产生局部加热从而破裂时释放所述物质;和
用于控制从所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)中通过的电流以实现可控制的局部加热的装置(50)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)还包括导电纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)还包括导电墨水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述至少一个微胶囊还包括热塑性聚合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述热塑性聚合物形成了所述至少一个包含有待释放物质的微胶囊。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述至少一个微胶囊在达到其熔点时释放所述物质。
7.根据权利要求6所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述物质具有比所述至少一个微胶囊的熔点更低的沸点。
8.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述物质由油、液体和固体材料中的至少一种组成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述物质在释放到周围环境中时会产生一定的气味。
10.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述电流控制装置(50)还包括电源(4)和电流通路选择器(5)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述电流控制装置(50)还包括至少一个可编程的传感器,其可确定何时激励和去激励所述电流传递装置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述至少一个可编程传感器可检测预定数量的微胶囊何时已经破裂。
13.根据权利要求10所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述电流控制装置(50)还包括计时器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述计时器根据所述至少一个微胶囊的熔点、微胶囊的数量以及包含在所述至少一个微胶囊中的物质的材料性质来确定何时去激励所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)。
15.根据权利要求1所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述柔性材料还包括多个微胶囊,所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)包含有第一物质,而所述微胶囊的第二部分(43)包含有第二物质。
16.根据权利要求15所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述第一物质和第二物质具有不同的材料性质。
17.根据权利要求16所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述不同的材料性质包括气味、熔点、粘性、物理状态、颜色、味道、化学成分和质地中的至少一种。
18.根据权利要求15所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,包含有所述第一物质的所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)在所述柔性材料的某一区域上或其中成组地设置,使得所述电流控制装置(50)可局部地加热所述区域,并进行所述第一物质的释放。
19.根据权利要求16所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述电流控制装置(50)允许对所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)或第二部分(43)进行局部加热,并且可控制地实现对所述第一或第二物质的释放。
20.根据权利要求16所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述电流控制装置(50)允许对所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)和第二部分(43)进行局部加热,并且可控制地实现对所述第一和第二物质的释放。
21.根据权利要求15所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)具有不同于所述微胶囊的第二部分(43)的熔点。
22.根据权利要求21所述的柔性材料,其特征在于,所述电流控制装置(50)还包括用于局部地加热所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)和第二部分(43)而只使所述微胶囊的第一部分(42)破裂并释放出其所包含物质的装置。
23.一种柔性材料,包括:
交织的纤维(20);
用于传递电流并产生散布在所述纤维(20)中的局部加热的装置(23);
至少一种位于所述纤维和电流传递装置之上或之内的物质,所述物质因选择性地加热所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)所产生的局部加热而被蒸发;和
用于控制从所述产生局部加热的装置中通过的电流的装置(50)。
24.一种可控制地释放包含在柔性材料中的物质的方法,包括:
将纤维(20)和用于传递电流并产生散布在纤维(20)中的局部加热的装置集成起来;
形成至少一个包含有物质的微胶囊;
将所述至少一个微胶囊集成在所述集成式纤维(20)和用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)之上或之中;
选择性地加热所述至少一个微胶囊;
使所述至少一个微胶囊破裂;和
释放所述物质。
25.一种可控制地释放包含在柔性材料中的物质的方法,包括:
将纤维(20)和用于传递电流并产生散布在纤维(20)中的局部加热的装置(23)集成起来;
在所述集成式纤维(20)和所述用于传递电流并产生局部加热的装置(23)之上或之中形成物质;
选择性地加热所述物质;和
使所述物质蒸发。
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AU2003276633A1 (en) 2004-06-18
EP1565609A1 (en) 2005-08-24
KR20050086726A (ko) 2005-08-30
ATE340892T1 (de) 2006-10-15
WO2004048678A1 (en) 2004-06-10
DE60308721T2 (de) 2007-08-16
DE60308721D1 (de) 2006-11-09
CN1711390A (zh) 2005-12-21
US20060052020A1 (en) 2006-03-09
JP2006507419A (ja) 2006-03-02
ES2273090T3 (es) 2007-05-01
EP1565609B1 (en) 2006-09-27

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