CN1315372C - Irrigation control method and device according to crop water deficiency stress physiological reaction - Google Patents
Irrigation control method and device according to crop water deficiency stress physiological reaction Download PDFInfo
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- CN1315372C CN1315372C CNB2004100602604A CN200410060260A CN1315372C CN 1315372 C CN1315372 C CN 1315372C CN B2004100602604 A CNB2004100602604 A CN B2004100602604A CN 200410060260 A CN200410060260 A CN 200410060260A CN 1315372 C CN1315372 C CN 1315372C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a control method and a device thereof for irrigation according to water deficiency stress physiological reaction for crops. A diameter variation transmitter is arranged on a crop stalk of which the upper part is provided with a light irradiation transmitter. A crop root is provided with a soil moisture sensing transmitter. The output data of the diameter variation transmitter, the light irradiation transmitter and the soil moisture sensing transmitter is inputted to diameter variation indexes to calculate a water deficiency analysis unit. The daily change value of a stalk diameter is compared with the diameter change index of the crop stalk which requires irrigation, the daily accumulated value of sun radiation is compared with a seasonal average value, and the value of the soil moisture of the crop is compared with that set with permissible minimum soil moisture so as to judge whether the crops require irrigation. An irrigation control device composed of the stalk variation sensing transmitter, the light irradiation sensing transmitter, the soil moisture sensing transmitter, the diameter change index calculation and water shortage analysis unit, the irrigation device control device, a pump alternating current contactor and an electromagnetic pipeline valve can more reflect actual water demand conditions under the condition of the random growth of the crops and save water and energy. Particularly when crop plants are in intermittent short water shortage stress, the present invention can make the crop plants generate super compensation effects so as to stimulate the growth of a root system. Therefore, the present invention is favourable for crop growth.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to agricultural irrigation technology, relate in particular to a kind of reaction is irrigated according to the crop water shortage stress physiology control method and device thereof.
Background technology
Moisture lacks or too much the plant metabolism system is had material impact, and especially moisture lacks the production influence of crops very big.At present, the automatic irrigation control device all is the control indexs of pouring water as crop with soil moisture content, and by the control soil moisture content, satisfying crop physiology and ecology needs water.Rule of thumb, the crop soil relative water content is that 60% (accounting for field capacity %) is light drought, need pour water; The drought of attaching most importance to when dropping to 50% will have a strong impact on plant growth and output and form; It when reaching 80% adequate moisture; 85% for irrigating the upper limit, stops to irrigate; Surpass 90% o'clock excess moisture.This control method of irrigation comes down to the irrigation control mode of a kind of abundant supply type (feed forward type adjusting).The different vegetative stages of the inreal reflection crop of this mode itself, the actual aqueous condition that needs of different weather situation.Index fixed evaporation and crop luxurious rising between too high can strengthen, the reduction water use efficiency.Index is fixed as to cross and lowly might cause certain period insufficient water, and influences the crop normal growth.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a kind of and can reflect actual control method of irrigating more efficiently and the device thereof that needs aqueous condition of crop itself.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A, at first, stem variation sensing transducer is installed on the crop cane, rely on this stem variation sensing transducer to gather the stem variation, the illumination sensing transducer is installed above the crop cane, be used to gather the day accumulated value of solar radiation, root crop is equipped with the soil moisture sensing transducer, be used to gather the crop root soil moisture content, secondly, with stem variation sensing transducer, the illumination sensing transducer, the output data of soil moisture sensing transducer are input to crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit, the stem variation substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that collects is calculated crop stem vary in diameter index and compare by this unit with crop stem vary in diameter index that this kind crop need be irrigated, to the solar radiation that collects day accumulated value and the mean value in this season compare, the minimum soil water-containing value of the permission of the crop soil moisture content that collects and setting is compared, the 3rd, relatively the back is by crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit output control signal control irrigation installation control module, the 4th, start water pump by control irrigation installation control module, open magnetic valve, irrigate
B, with stem variation sensing transducer, the illumination sensing transducer, soil moisture sensing transducer output can teletransmission the sensor standard signal, convert the signal that is fit to the processing of multichannel A/D convertor circuit to through signal conditioning circuit, by the multichannel A/D convertor circuit analog signal conversion is become data signal, the multichannel A/D convertor circuit is controlled by the front-end processing CPU element, requirement according to the control calculator, with the stem variation of gathering, illumination and soil water score value are with the form of data signal, process is sent into calculator 232 communication ports by TTL and 232 level shifting circuits under the control of front-end processing CPU element, the control calculator calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and need to judge whether to irrigate, and formation control instruction, return to the front-end processing CPU element through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits, under the control of front-end processing CPU element, control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit by irrigation installation, control of pump A.C. contactor pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve are irrigated
The computing formula of c, crop stem vary in diameter index is:
In the CSDCI=1-Δ Sda/ Δ SDm formula: CSDCI is a crop stem vary in diameter index; Δ Sda is a water deficit plants stems stalk vary in diameter amount; Δ SDm is the sufficient plants stems stalk of a moisture vary in diameter amount, calculator in crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and the lack of water analytic unit calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and determines that the determination methods whether crop needs to irrigate is: the stem variation substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that at first stem variation sensing transducer is collected, calculate crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI, if result of calculation has reached the crop stem vary in diameter index that crop need be irrigated, the possibility that crop has needs irrigation is described, whether really need to irrigate, also to see the day accumulated value of the solar radiation that the illumination sensing transducer collects, if the day accumulated value of solar radiation is far smaller than the mean value in this season, explanation is rising movable the weakening of the crop plant that causes at the cloudy day and the amplitude of the crop plant stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat that causes reduces, but not due to the crop water shortage, need not to irrigate, otherwise starting water pump A.C. contactor opening conduits magnetic valve by the irrigation installation control module irrigates, when adopting the calculating of stem variation whether to need to irrigate, the control of employing priority, set and allow minimum soil water-containing value as the control bottom line, can not reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows under the normal condition, but when stem variation sensing transducer comes off, reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows, start when irrigating, control device for irrigating transfers the control of soil moisture content threshold value automatically to, soil moisture content is detected by the soil moisture sensing transducer, has avoided causing that owing to stem stalk diameter variation sensor comes off the control failure does not have in time to irrigate the loss that causes.
A kind of control device that reaction is irrigated by the crop water shortage stress physiology, by stem variation sensing transducer, the illumination sensing transducer, the soil moisture sensing transducer, crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit, the irrigation installation control module, water pump A.C. contactor and pipeline magnetic valve are formed, stem variation sensing transducer, the illumination sensing transducer, the signal output part of soil moisture sensing transducer is connected with the input port of the signal conditioning circuit of being made up of integrated circuit RCV420, the output port of signal conditioning circuit is connected with the multichannel A/D convertor circuit of being made up of ADC0809,0～5V the analog signal conversion that to be imported by multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 becomes data signal, the multichannel A/D convertor circuit is connected with the front-end processing CPU element of being made up of the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer again, the front-end processing CPU element is TTL and 232 level shifting circuits by being made up of the MAX232E integrated circuit again, calculator 232 communication ports are connected with calculator, requirement according to the control calculator, with the stem variation of gathering, illumination and soil water score value data signal, under the control of front-end processing CPU element, send into calculator 232 communication ports through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits formed by the MAX232E integrated circuit, the control calculator calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and judges whether to need to irrigate and form control instruction, return to the front-end processing CPU element through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits, the front-end processing CPU element opens and closes with the irrigation installation of being made up of integrated circuit 8255 and low power relay again and is connected with the strong and weak electricity buffer circuit, irrigation installation opens and closes and is connected with pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve with the control of pump A.C. contactor with the strong and weak electricity buffer circuit, under the control of front-end processing CPU element, control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit by the irrigation installation of being made up of integrated circuit 8255 and low power relay, and control of pump A.C. contactor and pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve are irrigated.
The present invention can require to irrigate according to actual the need water of crop under upgrowth situation at random, with common with soil moisture content as the crop control index of pouring water, by the control soil moisture content, satisfying crop physiology and ecology needs the irrigation control mode of the abundant supply type (feed forward type adjusting) of water to compare, water-saving and energy-conservation more, help dry-matter accumulation, improve the quality of harvested product.Studies show that according to plant physiology, plant is in lack of water adverse circumstance of short duration intermittently, can make plant produce the overcompensate effect, stimulate the growth of root system, very favourable to plant growth, after this crop has experienced the adverse circumstance of arid water deficit certain period, when moisture condition improves, the phenomenon of the extraordinary growth of meeting is a kind of countermeasure that plant adapts to adverse circumstance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention's control method that reaction is irrigated according to the crop water shortage stress physiology is as follows:
At first, stem variation sensing transducer 1 is installed on the crop cane, rely on this stem variation sensing transducer 1 to gather the stem variation, illumination sensing transducer 2 is installed above the crop cane, be used to gather the day accumulated value of solar radiation, root crop is equipped with soil moisture sensing transducer 3, is used to gather the crop root soil moisture content
Secondly, with stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, the output data of soil moisture sensing transducer 3 are input to crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit 13, by this crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit 13, the crop stem vary in diameter index that need irrigate the stem variation that collects and this kind crop compares, to the solar radiation that collects day accumulated value and the mean value in this season compare, the minimum soil water-containing value of the permission of the crop soil moisture content that collects and setting is compared
The 3rd, relatively irrigation installation control module 14 is controlled by crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit output control signal in the back,
The 4th, start water pump A.C. contactor 12 by control irrigation installation control module 14, open magnetic valve 11, irrigate.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is with stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, soil moisture sensing transducer 3 output can teletransmission sensor standard signal 4～20MA, convert 0～5V signal that the suitable multichannel A/D convertor circuit of being made up of ADC0809 5 is handled to through the signal conditioning circuit of forming by integrated circuit RCV420 4, by multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 0～5V analog signal conversion is become data signal, front-end processing CPU element 6 controls that multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is made up of the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer, requirement according to control calculator 9, with the stem variation of gathering, illumination and soil water score value are with the form of data signal, under 6 controls of front-end processing CPU element, send into calculator 232 communication ports 8 through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits 7 formed by the MAX232E integrated circuit, control calculator 9 calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and need to judge whether to irrigate, and formation control instruction, give front-end processing CPU element 6 through TTL and 7 passbacks of 232 level shifting circuits, under the control of front-end processing CPU element 6, control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 by the irrigation installation of being made up of integrated circuit 8255 and low power relay, and control of pump A.C. contactor 12 pipeline motor-driven valves or magnetic valve 11 are irrigated.
The computing formula of crop stem vary in diameter index is:
CSDCI＝1-ΔSda/ΔSDm
In the formula: CSDCI is a crop stem vary in diameter index; Δ Sda is a water deficit plants stems stalk vary in diameter amount; Δ SDm is the sufficient plants stems stalk of a moisture vary in diameter amount,
Calculator 9 (figure two) in crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and the lack of water analytic unit 13 (figure one) calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and determines that the determination methods whether crop needs to irrigate is: the stem variation substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that at first stem variation sensing transducer 1 is collected, calculate crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI, if result of calculation has reached the crop stem vary in diameter index that crop need be irrigated, the possibility that crop has needs irrigation is described, whether really need to irrigate, also to see the day accumulated value of the solar radiation that illumination sensing transducer 2 collects, if the day accumulated value of solar radiation is far smaller than the mean value in this season, explanation is rising movable the weakening of the crop plant that causes at the cloudy day and the amplitude of the crop plant stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat that causes reduces, but not due to the crop water shortage, need not to irrigate, otherwise starting water pump A.C. contactor 12 opening conduits magnetic valves 11 by irrigation installation control module 14 irrigates, when adopting the calculating of stem stalk diameter variation value whether to need to irrigate, the control of employing priority, set and allow minimum soil water-containing value as the control bottom line, can not reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows under the normal condition, but when stem stalk diameter variation sensor 1 comes off, reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows, start when irrigating, control device for irrigating transfers the control of soil moisture content threshold value automatically to, and soil moisture content is detected by soil moisture sensing transducer 3.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of control device that reaction is irrigated by the crop water shortage stress physiology, by stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, soil moisture sensing transducer 3, crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit, the irrigation installation control module, water pump A.C. contactor 12 and pipeline magnetic valve 11 are formed, stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, the signal output part of soil moisture sensing transducer 3 is connected with the input port of the signal conditioning circuit of being made up of integrated circuit RCV420 4, the output port of signal conditioning circuit 4 is connected with the multichannel A/D convertor circuit of being made up of ADC0809 5,0～5V the analog signal conversion that to be imported by multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 becomes data signal, multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is connected with the front-end processing CPU element of being made up of the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer 6 again, front-end processing CPU element 6 is TTL and 232 level shifting circuits 7 by being made up of the MAX232E integrated circuit again, calculator 232 communication ports 8 are connected with calculator 9, requirement according to control calculator 9, with the stem variation of gathering, illumination and soil water score value data signal, under 6 controls of front-end processing CPU element, send into calculator 232 communication ports 8 through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits 7 formed by the MAX232E integrated circuit, control calculator 9 calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and judges whether to need to irrigate and form control instruction, give front-end processing CPU element 6 through TTL and 7 passbacks of 232 level shifting circuits, front-end processing CPU element 6 opens and closes with the irrigation installation of being made up of integrated circuit 8255 and low power relay again and is connected with strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10, irrigation installation opens and closes and is connected with pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve 11 with control of pump A.C. contactor 12 with strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10, under the control of front-end processing CPU element 6, control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 by the irrigation installation of being made up of integrated circuit 8255 and low power relay, and control of pump A.C. contactor 12 and pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve 11 are irrigated.
Front end at the automatic irrigation control device of being controlled by the reaction of crop water shortage stress physiology is equipped with crop plant stem stalk diameter variation measuring transducer, the structure of this transmitter please be read another patent " plant haulm diameter variation measuring transducer " number of patent application of inventor: 200410060504.9, be used to detect owing to crop is in the crop water shortage physiology sign that plant physiology reaction that the lack of water adverse circumstance causes produces.
Be that control section is analyzed and irrigated to the crop water shortage information calculations behind crop plant stem stalk diameter variation measuring transducer.Its operation principle is such: crop plant stem stalk is the anhydrate buffer zone of (rising dehydration) He Laishui (root water uptake) of crop plant, when the speed of anhydrating crop plant stem stalk when coming water speed will shrink, otherwise will expand.Under normal conditions, the speed of the rising dehydration of crop plant fluctuates up and down around the speed of root water uptake, make crop plant stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat thereupon, and its obvious diurnal variation rule arranged, sunrise previous crop cane diameter maximum, and afternoon stem of plant shank diameter minimum is in a kind of dynamic balance state.When the crop water deficit in a plant; because crop plant is in the lack of water adverse circumstance; the physiological reaction that has produced self-protection is closed or has been dwindled the blade stomatal aperture; thereby make the particularly velocity variations amplitude minimizing of the rising dehydration of crop plant of speed of the rising dehydration of crop plant transpiration rate and crop plant, and then the amplitude of crop plant stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat reduces thereupon also.Therefore, crop plant stem stalk diameter variation (variation of stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat amplitude) can be good at reflecting the actual degree of water shortage of crop.The minimizing of stem of plant shank diameter variation of daily rate is exactly the physiology sign of the crop water shortage that will gather of control device.Crop plant stem stalk diameter variation is measured and is not changed the original ecotope of crop, the precision height, not disruptive to crop plant, can long-term observation, the crop water shortage physiology sign that relatively is suitable as according to the automatic irrigation control device of crop water shortage stress physiology reaction control detects sensing transducer.
Automatic irrigation control device according to crop water shortage stress physiology reaction control is different with common automatic irrigation control device.What its adopted is that reaction type is regulated (shortage replenishes) mode, it be deviation preceding, a kind of hysteresis regulative mode after being adjusted in.Therefore, what at first GPRS was suitable pours water opportunity, and in advance, crop water shortage physiology sign is not obvious, may produce wrong irrigation, may cause irreversible permanent injury to crop because pour water untimely after carrying.The pouring water opportunity because Different Crop to the sensitivity difference of lack of water, should be done experiment in advance with the best of determining this crop.For convenience of calculation, here we introduced a crop stem vary in diameter index (Index of Crops Stem Diameter Changes, notion CSDCI), that is:
In the CSDCI=1-Δ Sda/ Δ SDm formula: CSDCI is a crop stem vary in diameter index; Δ Sda is a water deficit plants stems stalk vary in diameter amount; Δ SDm is the sufficient plants stems stalk of a moisture vary in diameter amount.Formula is calculated in view of the above, pepper plant stem stalk vary in diameter index, and when CSDCI＞0.14, the capsicum serious water shortage; The slight lack of water of capsicum during CSDCI=0.14 can be considered capsicum adequate moisture lower limit, needs to irrigate; 0＜CSDCI＜0.14 is a capsicum moisture optimum range; Capsicum moisture reaches the suitable upper limit during CSDCI=0.
React the crop water shortage information calculations analysis part of the automatic irrigation control device of control by the crop water shortage stress physiology, the stem variation data substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that stem variation sensing transducer is recorded, according to whether reaching the crop stem vary in diameter index that this kind crop needs are irrigated, whether decision irrigates.Irrigate if desired, irrigate by the irrigation control section startup water pump or the magnetic valve of the automatic irrigation control device that reacts control according to the crop water shortage stress physiology.
As shown in Figure 1, automatic irrigation control device of the present invention is separately installed with stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, soil moisture sensing transducer 3.Wherein plant haulm diameter variation transmitter 1 (for example: capsicum) on the cane, gather the diurnal variation value of stem stalk diameter is installed in crop.Illumination transmitter 2 is installed in the top of crop cane, is used to gather the day accumulated value of solar radiation.Soil moisture transmitter 3 is installed in the root of crop, is used to gather crop soil moisture.CSDCI--crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit 13 are at first with the stem variation substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that collects, calculate crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI, if result of calculation has reached the crop stem vary in diameter index that crop need be irrigated (is example CSDCI 〉=0.14 with the capsicum), the possibility that crop has needs irrigation is described.Whether really need to irrigate, also will see the day accumulated value of solar radiation.If the day accumulated value of solar radiation is far smaller than the mean value in this season, explanation is rising movable the weakening of the crop plant that causes at the cloudy day and the amplitude of the crop plant stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat that causes reduces, but not due to the crop water shortage, need not to irrigate, otherwise start water pump A.C. contactor 12 and water pump by irrigation installation control module 14, open magnetic valve 11 and irrigate.Because stem stalk diameter variation sensor 1 is mounted on the plant body, disturbance rejection is poor relatively.Come off and cause unnecessary loss for fear of stem stalk diameter variation sensor 1, take protective measure.Here adopted priority control, promptly when adopting the calculating of stem stalk diameter variation value whether to need to irrigate, set the minimum soil water-containing value of permission, can not reach minimum permission soil water-containing value under the normal condition as the control bottom line.But when stem stalk diameter variation sensor 1 comes off, reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows, start when irrigating, control device for irrigating transfers the control of soil moisture content threshold value automatically to.Soil moisture content is provided by soil moisture sensing transducer 3.
The present invention adopts is that the single-candidate irrigation method of " having many meals but little food at eath " or the non-single-candidate irrigation method that can automatically adjust according to the irrigation quantity of period irrigation quantity behind the preceding period water consumption speed calculation are (if preceding the blanking time that irrigation frequency, crop water shortage physiology sign occurred is short, strengthen the irrigation quantity of a back irrigation frequency, vice versa.The irrigation quantity of the blanking time of crop water shortage physiology sign appearance irrigation frequency and a back irrigation frequency is inversely proportional to and controls to adjust promptly), the latter can reduce the frequent degree of pouring water, and helps better water saving.This method has reflected that really the actual water requirement of crop under upgrowth situation at random changes, precision is better than adopting the method for making material consumption (need) water yield forecasting model of present stage, and simple more and practical (need not to increase extra sensor and carry out the complex mathematical computing).
As shown in Figure 2, be embodiment with the capsicum: stem variation sensing transducer 1, adopt the inventor's patented product, concrete structure please be read patent of invention " plant haulm diameter variation measuring transducer ", application number: 200410060504.9; Illumination sensing transducer 2 adopts the LT/G illumination transmitter of Beijing greenhouse control technology company of prospect favour nation; Soil moisture sensing transducer 3, the AQUA-TEL-TDR soil moisture transmitter that adopts Beijing channel science equipment company to sell.3 outputs of stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, soil moisture sensing transducer can teletransmission sensor standard signal 4～20MA, convert 0～5V signal that the suitable multichannel A/D convertor circuit of being made up of ADC0809 5 is handled to through the signal conditioning circuit of forming by integrated circuit RCV420 4,0～5V analog signal conversion is become data signal by multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5.Front-end processing CPU element 6 controls that multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is made up of the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer, requirement according to control calculator 9, with stem variation, illumination and the soil water score value of gathering (data signal), under 6 controls of front-end processing CPU element, send into calculator 232 communication ports 8 through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits 7 formed by the MAX232E integrated circuit.Control calculator 9 is pressed preceding method, calculating crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI need to judge whether to irrigate, what are irritated? and formation control instruction, give front-end processing CPU element 6 through TTL and 7 passbacks of 232 level shifting circuits, under the control of front-end processing CPU element 6, control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 by the irrigation installation of being made up of integrated circuit 8255 and low power relay, and control of pump A.C. contactor 12 pipeline motor-driven valves or magnetic valve 11 are irrigated.Soil moisture and illumination each hour gather once, and the illumination value that each hour of one day gathered adds up as the day aggregate-value (the day accumulated value that replaces solar radiation) of illumination.Gather crop stem diameter maximum before the sunrise, gather crop stem diameter minimum of a value in the afternoon, both differences are crop stem diameter diurnal variation value.
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, stem variation sensing transducer 1, illumination sensing transducer 2, the signal output part of soil moisture sensing transducer 3, respectively by socket JK1, JK2, the integrated circuit U4 of JK3 and signal conditioning circuit 4, U5, U6 is the input port 3 of RCV420,2 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U4 of signal conditioning circuit 4, U5, U6 is the output port 14 of RCV420,15 pin are ADC0809 input port 26 with the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 respectively, 27,28 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is the data/address bus 17 of ADC0809,14,15,8,18,19,20,21 pin are the data/address bus 39 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 respectively, 38,37,36,35,34,33,32 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is the address wire 25 of ADC0809,24,23 pin are 2 of 74LS373 with integrated circuit U2 respectively, 5,6 pin are connected, integrated circuit U2 is 3 of 74LS373,4,7,8,13,14,17,18 pin are the data/address bus 39 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 respectively again, 38,37,36,35,34,33,32 pin are connected, integrated circuit U2 is that 11 pin and the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 of 74LS373 is that 30 pin of AT89C52 are connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is that 9 pin and the integrated circuit U7 of ADC0809 is that 1 pin of 74LS02 is connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit 5 is 22 of ADC0809,6 pin and integrated circuit U7 are that 4 pin of 74LS02 are connected, integrated circuit U7 is 3 of 74LS02,5 pin are that address wire 21 pin of AT89C52 are connected with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 again, integrated circuit U7 is 2 of 74LS02,6 pin are the read-write control line 17 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 respectively again, 16 pin are connected, the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 is the serial data line 10 of AT89C52,11 pin are 9 of MAX232E with the integrated circuit U9 of TTL and 232 level shifting circuits 7 respectively, 10 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U9 of TTL and 232 level shifting circuits 7 is 7 of MAX232E, 8 pin are by 2 of the JK6 socket, 3 pin are connected with calculator 232 communication ports 8, the integrated circuit U10 of irrigation installation keying and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 i.e. 8255 data wire 34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27 pin are the data/address bus 39 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 respectively, 38,37,36,35,34,33,32 pin are connected, irrigation installation open and close and the integrated circuit U10 of strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 be 8255 6,5,36,35 pin are 22 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 respectively, 17,16,9 pin are connected, irrigation installation open and close and the integrated circuit U10 of strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 be 8255 9,8 pin are 2 of 74LS373 with integrated circuit U2 respectively, 5, pin is connected, the integrated circuit U10 of irrigation installation keying and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 i.e. 8255 4 pin is connected with the base stage of NPN triode Q1, the colelctor electrode of NPN triode Q1 is connected with the coil of low power relay J1 respectively, the contact of low power relay J1 respectively with water pump A.C. contactor 12 and pipeline magnetic valve, motor-driven valve 11 connects.Irrigation installation open and close and the integrated circuit U10 of strong and weak electricity buffer circuit 10 be other pin 3,2,1,40,39,38,37,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,14,15,16,17,13,12,11,10 of 8255 according to same annexation respectively with each NPN triode Q2, triode Q3 ... base stage connect, the colelctor electrode of each NPN triode is connected with the coil of each low power relay respectively then, and each low power relay contact is connected with pipeline magnetic valve, motor-driven valve with each water pump A.C. contactor respectively.In the embodiment circuit diagram 3: U1 is single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit AT89C52, U2 is integrated circuit 74LS373, U3 is integrated circuit ADC0809, U4, U5, U6 are integrated circuit RCV420, U7 is integrated circuit 74LS02, U8 is integrated circuit 74LS74, and U9 is integrated circuit MAX232E, and U10 is an integrated circuit 8255.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of control method that reaction is irrigated according to the crop water shortage stress physiology is characterized in that:
A, at first, stem variation sensing transducer (1) is installed on the crop cane, rely on this stem variation sensing transducer to gather the stem variation, illumination sensing transducer (2) is installed above the crop cane, be used to gather the day accumulated value of solar radiation, root crop is equipped with the soil moisture sensing transducer, be used to gather the crop root soil moisture content, secondly, with stem variation sensing transducer, the illumination sensing transducer, the output data of soil moisture sensing transducer are input to crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit, the stem variation substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that collects is calculated crop stem vary in diameter index and compare by this unit with crop stem vary in diameter index that this kind crop need be irrigated, to the solar radiation that collects day accumulated value and the mean value in this season compare, the minimum soil water-containing value of the permission of the crop soil moisture content that collects and setting is compared, the 3rd, relatively the back is by crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit output control signal control irrigation installation control module, the 4th, start water pump by control irrigation installation control module, open magnetic valve, irrigate
B, with stem variation sensing transducer (1), illumination sensing transducer (2), soil moisture sensing transducer (3) output can teletransmission the sensor standard signal, convert the signal that is fit to multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) processing to through signal conditioning circuit (4), by multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) analog signal conversion is become data signal, multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) is controlled by front-end processing CPU element (6), requirement according to control calculator (9), with the stem variation of gathering, illumination and soil water score value are with the form of data signal, process is sent into calculator 232 communication ports (8) by TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7) under front-end processing CPU element (6) control, control calculator (9) calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and need to judge whether to irrigate, and formation control instruction, give front-end processing CPU element (6) through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7) passback, under the control of front-end processing CPU element (6), control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10) by irrigation installation, control of pump A.C. contactor (12) pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve (11) are irrigated
The computing formula of c, crop stem vary in diameter index is:
In the CSDCI=1-Δ Sda/ Δ SDm formula: CSDCI is a crop stem vary in diameter index; Δ Sda is a water deficit plants stems stalk vary in diameter amount; Δ SDm is the sufficient plants stems stalk of a moisture vary in diameter amount, calculator (9) in crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and the lack of water analytic unit (13) calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and determines that the determination methods whether crop needs to irrigate is: the stem variation substitution crop stem vary in diameter formula of index that at first stem variation sensing transducer (1) is collected, calculate crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI, if result of calculation has reached the crop stem vary in diameter index that crop need be irrigated, the possibility that crop has needs irrigation is described, whether really need to irrigate, also to see the day accumulated value of the solar radiation that illumination sensing transducer (2) collects, if the day accumulated value of solar radiation is far smaller than the mean value in this season, explanation is rising movable the weakening of the crop plant that causes at the cloudy day and the amplitude of the crop plant stem stalk pucker ﹠ bloat that causes reduces, but not due to the crop water shortage, need not to irrigate, otherwise starting water pump A.C. contactor (12) opening conduits magnetic valve (11) by irrigation installation control module (14) irrigates, when adopting the calculating of stem variation whether to need to irrigate, the control of employing priority, set and allow minimum soil water-containing value as the control bottom line, can not reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows under the normal condition, but when stem variation sensing transducer (1) when coming off, reach the minimum soil water-containing value that allows, start when irrigating, control device for irrigating transfers the control of soil moisture content threshold value automatically to, and soil moisture content is detected by soil moisture sensing transducer (3).
2, a kind of control device that reaction is irrigated according to the crop water shortage stress physiology, it is characterized in that: by stem variation sensing transducer (1), illumination sensing transducer (2), soil moisture sensing transducer (3), crop stem vary in diameter Index for Calculation and lack of water analytic unit, the irrigation installation control module, water pump A.C. contactor (12) and pipeline magnetic valve (11) are formed, stem variation sensing transducer (1), illumination sensing transducer (2), the signal output part of soil moisture sensing transducer (3) is connected with the input port of signal conditioning circuit (4), the output port of signal conditioning circuit (4) is connected with multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5), by multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) analog signal conversion of importing is become data signal, multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) is connected with front-end processing CPU element (6) again, front-end processing CPU element (6) is again by TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7), calculator 232 communication ports (8) are connected with calculator (9), requirement according to control calculator (9), with the stem variation of gathering, illumination and soil water score value data signal, under front-end processing CPU element (6) control, send into calculator 232 communication ports (8) through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7), control calculator (9) calculates crop stem vary in diameter index CSDCI and judges whether to need to irrigate and form control instruction, give front-end processing CPU element (6) through TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7) passback, front-end processing CPU element (6) opens and closes with irrigation installation again and is connected with strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10), irrigation installation opens and closes and is connected with pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve (11) with control of pump A.C. contactor (12) with strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10), under the control of front-end processing CPU element (6), control instruction is opened and closed control and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10) by irrigation installation, and control of pump A.C. contactor (12) and pipeline motor-driven valve or magnetic valve (11) are irrigated.
3, a kind of control device that reaction is irrigated according to the crop water shortage stress physiology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: stem variation sensing transducer (1), illumination sensing transducer (2), the signal output part of soil moisture sensing transducer (3), respectively by socket JK1, JK2, the integrated circuit U4 of JK3 and signal conditioning circuit (4), U5, U6 is the input port 3 of RCV420,2 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U4 of signal conditioning circuit (4), U5, U6 is the output port 14 of RCV420,15 pin are ADC0809 input port 26 with the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) respectively, 27,28 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) is the data/address bus 17 of ADC0809,14,15,8,18,19,20,21 pin are the data/address bus 39 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) respectively, 38,37,36,35,34,33,32 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) is the address wire 25 of ADC0809,24,23 pin are 2 of 74LS373 with integrated circuit U2 respectively, 5,6 pin are connected, integrated circuit U2 is 3 of 74LS373,4,7,8,13,14,17,18 pin are the data/address bus 39 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) respectively again, 38,37,36,35,34,33,32 pin are connected, integrated circuit U2 is that 11 pin and the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element 6 of 74LS373 is that 30 pin of AT89C52 are connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) is that 9 pin and the integrated circuit U7 of ADC0809 is that 1 pin of 74LS02 is connected, the integrated circuit U3 of multichannel A/D convertor circuit (5) is 22 of ADC0809,6 pin and integrated circuit U7 are that 4 pin of 74LS02 are connected, integrated circuit U7 is 3 of 74LS02,5 pin are that address wire 21 pin of AT89C52 are connected with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) again, integrated circuit U7 is 2 of 74LS02,6 pin are the read-write control line 17 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) respectively again, 16 pin are connected, the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) is the serial data line 10 of AT89C52,11 pin are 9 of MAX232E with the integrated circuit U9 of TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7) respectively, 10 pin are connected, the integrated circuit U9 of TTL and 232 level shifting circuits (7) is 7 of MAX232E, 8 pin are by 2 of the JK6 socket, 3 pin are connected with calculator 232 communication ports (8), the integrated circuit U10 of irrigation installation keying and strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10) i.e. is 8255 data wire 34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27 pin are the data/address bus 39 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) respectively, 38,37,36,35,34,33,32 pin are connected, irrigation installation open and close and the integrated circuit U10 of strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10) be 8255 6,5,36,35 pin are 22 of AT89C52 with the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit U1 of front-end processing CPU element (6) respectively, 17,16,9 pin are connected, irrigation installation open and close and the integrated circuit U10 of strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10) be 8255 9,8 pin are 2 of 74LS373 with integrated circuit U2 respectively, 5 pin are connected, irrigation installation open and close and the integrated circuit U10 of strong and weak electricity buffer circuit (10) be 8255 4,3,2,1,40,39,38,37,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,14,15,16,17,13,12,11,10 pin are connected with the base stage of NPN triode Q respectively, the colelctor electrode of NPN triode Q is connected with the coil of low power relay J respectively, the contact of low power relay J respectively with water pump A.C. contactor (12) and pipeline magnetic valve, motor-driven valve (11) connects.
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| CN101411299B (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-08-25 | 浙江大学 | Automatic control method for water-saving irrigation by inducing turgor pressure of plant leaf |
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| CN105165557A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-23 | 深圳市铁汉人居环境科技有限公司 | Plant irrigation method and device |
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| CN107302875A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-10-31 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of water-saving irrigation method based on the crucial moisture information of soil-plant system |
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| CN106769576B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2023-07-07 | 贵州大学 | Method and device for simulating crop stalk flow soil erosion |
| CN107192812B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2019-09-13 | 南京肯铎特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method and system of intelligent decision rain fed crop exsiccosis |
| CN107462279B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2023-05-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Gate dam ecological dispatching system based on control of riverbank tree species analysis device |
| CN109258045B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-04-10 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Tidal seedling water and fertilizer irrigation control system and method |
| CN109566387A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of the irrigation decision method and irrigation system of substrate culture nutrient solution |
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| CN2472491Y (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-23 | 张国贤 | Pulse irrigation device |
| CN1367998A (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-09-11 | 瓦尔蒙特工业股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling function of irrigation system and auxiliary equipment |
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| CN2472491Y (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-23 | 张国贤 | Pulse irrigation device |
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