CN106804414B - Closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method and system - Google Patents

Closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method and system Download PDF

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CN106804414B
CN106804414B CN201710067724.1A CN201710067724A CN106804414B CN 106804414 B CN106804414 B CN 106804414B CN 201710067724 A CN201710067724 A CN 201710067724A CN 106804414 B CN106804414 B CN 106804414B
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irrigation
nutrient solution
soilless culture
value
time
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CN106804414A (en
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袁洪波
蔡振江
张梦
韩丽娟
程曼
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Hebei Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention discloses a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method, which comprises the following steps: a. set Vth，VD0(ii) a The amount of the nutrient solution for irrigating the soilless culture substrate for the first time is VIR1＝Vth+VD0(ii) a b. Calculate VC1，ec1，SR(ii) a c. With the change of time T, when T < TmaxWhen SR is equal to IR1·VthIf the condition is met, starting second irrigation; if T is reachedmaxTime, still SR < IR1·VthThen the second irrigation is started. According to the invention, the conditions of crop transpiration and salt enrichment in the matrix are comprehensively considered, so that the irrigation of the nutrient solution can be realized according to the crop requirements, the irrigation quantity can be adjusted according to the salt enrichment condition in the matrix, the matrix is rinsed, and the influence on the growth of crops caused by overhigh salt content in the matrix is prevented.

Description

Closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method and system.
Background
The current soilless culture is developed quickly, and the soilless culture adopts a culture mode that turf, rock wool, perlite, vermiculite and other solid substrates replace soil and nutrient solution is utilized to supply water and nutrients. Before soilless culture, the soilless culture is mostly used for seedling culture, but the matrix used in the soilless culture is clean and sanitary, so that the problem of soil-borne diseases which are most likely to occur in a soil culture mode is avoided, and the soilless culture is rapidly developed in facility agriculture in the year.
Different from soil cultivation, the matrix used in soilless cultivation does not contain or contains a very small amount of nutrient elements, and the nutrients required by crop growth need to be supplied by nutrient solution, so that the irrigation of the nutrient solution is an important link of soilless cultivation. In the current soilless culture technology, the irrigation is basically controlled according to an irrigation control mode in soil culture: or the timing irrigation is carried out, namely an irrigation time schedule is specified in advance, and the timing is started and ended; or irrigation is carried out according to sensor data, namely, the change of the substrate humidity is detected in real time through a humidity sensor inserted or embedded into the substrate, irrigation is carried out when a certain set value is reached, and the irrigation stopping time is determined according to the detection data of the sensor; or irrigation is carried out according to the crop transpiration, namely the crop transpiration is calculated according to a specific calculation formula, irrigation is carried out when a certain set value is reached, and the irrigation quantity is determined according to calculation data.
The above irrigation control modes are all executed according to the irrigation idea of soil cultivation, namely, the controller performs irrigation control according to a time table, a sensor or a transpiration calculation model, and all neglect an important problem: unlike soil cultivation, the substrates used in soilless cultivation are placed in a fixed container, either a cultivation tank, a substrate bag or a flowerpot, and the substrates are in a closed environment with limited capacity; the nutrients required by the growth of crops need to be provided by depending on nutrient solution, the crops scatter and dissipate moisture into the air in a steam state through transpiration, nutrient elements which cannot be absorbed by the crops can be remained in the matrix, salt accumulation is caused, and after the salt is accumulated to a certain degree, the respiration and metabolic activities of crop root systems can be influenced, so that the growth of the crops is influenced. Therefore, in the soilless culture process, the irrigation of the nutrient solution needs to be continuously and dynamically adjusted according to the growth of crops, the change of the environment and the accumulation condition of salt in the matrix, and the problem is rarely considered by the automatic irrigation control method or system used in the current soilless culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method and system, and solves the problem that the existing soilless culture irrigation method or system is executed according to the irrigation thought of soil culture, so that the respiration and metabolic activity of crop roots are influenced, and the crop growth is influenced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method,
a. setting a threshold value V for water consumption of cropsthValue of over-irrigation VD0In which V isD0＝0.1～0.3VthMaximum time interval T of two successive irrigationmaxConductivity threshold EC for excess nutrient solution drained from the substrateDth(ii) a Controlling the irrigation executor to irrigate the soilless culture substrate for the first time with the nutrient solution with the amount VIR1＝Vth+VD0；
b. Detecting the volume V of the nutrient solution discharged by the soilless culture substrate after the first irrigationD1Electrical conductivity ECD1(ii) a Calculating the volume V of the nutrient solution actually obtained by the soilless culture substrate after the first irrigationC1＝VIR1-VD1And conductivity value EC of first discharge nutrient solutionD1And a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec of1＝(ECD1-ECDth)/ECDth(ii) a Detecting the solar radiation quantity R in the greenhouse and calculating the total solar radiation quantity
Figure GDA0002400885050000021
Calculating the change ratio IR of the crop transpiration amount along with the solar radiation according to the volume of the nutrient solution actually obtained by the soilless culture substrate and the total amount of the solar radiation1＝SR/VC1；
c. As a function of time t, when t<TmaxWhen SR is equal to IR1·VthIf not, then with the change of time t, continue to judge SR ═ IR1·VthIf it is true, if it is less than TmaxWithin a time, satisfy SR ═ IR1·VthStarting the second irrigation, and the second irrigation quantity VIR2＝VIR1(. mu.) 1+ μ) of<0.4; if T is reachedmaxTime, still SR<IR1·VthThen, the second irrigation is started, and the irrigation quantity is equal to VIR1；
d. And (3) calculating the time point and the quantity of the third irrigation compared with the time point and the quantity of the second irrigation, repeating the steps of calculating the time point and the quantity of the second irrigation compared with the time point and the quantity of the first irrigation, and performing the following calculation of the time point and the quantity of the second irrigation and the like.
Further, in step c, determining the parameter mu, and discharging the nutrient solution when the irrigation is finished, wherein the conductivity value EC of the nutrient solution is determinedD1And a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec of1<At 0.1, μ ═ 0; when ec1When the value is 0.1, the value is mu 0.1; when 0.1<ec1When the content is less than or equal to 0.2, mu is 0.2; when 0.2<ec1When the content is less than or equal to 0.3, mu is 0.3.
Still further, in step a, VD0＝0.2Vth。
An automatic irrigation control system for closed soilless culture is composed of optical radiation sensor for measuring the radiation quantity R of sunlight in greenhouse, EC value sensor for measuring the conductivity value EC of nutritive liquid discharged from soilless culture mediumDiSetting a water discharge sensor to measure the volume V of the discharged nutrient solution in the soilless culture substrateDi(ii) a The optical radiation sensor, the EC value sensor and the water discharge sensor are electrically connected with the controller, and the measured parameters are transmitted to the controller; the controller controls the irrigation actuator to irrigate the soilless culture substrate according to any one method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the irrigation control system and method used in the closed soilless culture mode basically rarely consider adjusting irrigation quantity according to the salt concentration condition in the matrix, generally adopts a timing irrigation mode, and only supplements and irrigates nutrient solution according to the transpiration quantity when few irrigation systems are used for carrying out transpiration on crops. The invention discloses a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method and a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control system, which flexibly and effectively realize variable irrigation according to crop transpiration and salt accumulation conditions in a matrix; reflecting the salinity enrichment condition in the matrix according to the EC value of the redundant nutrient solution discharged from the farmers in the matrix, and adjusting the irrigation quantity according to the value; calculating crop transpiration according to solar illumination radiation, and determining when irrigation is needed according to the accumulated amount of the solar illumination radiation; the method comprehensively considers the conditions of crop transpiration and salt enrichment in the matrix, can realize irrigation of nutrient solution according to crop requirements, can adjust irrigation amount according to the condition of salt enrichment in the matrix, and leaches the matrix to prevent the influence of overhigh salt content in the matrix on the growth of crops.
Drawings
The invention is further described in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a control flow chart of the closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control system of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In the closed soilless culture mode, a very important irrigation principle is to consider the salt enrichment condition in the culture substrate and avoid the influence on the normal growth of crops due to overhigh salt content. Generally, the content of salt in soil or a substrate is reflected by a conductivity value EC, so that the detection of the EC value is an important condition for applying closed soilless culture, the accuracy of the EC value directly measured in the substrate by the conventional EC sensor is relatively low, and the EC value of a single position cannot comprehensively reflect the integral salt accumulation condition of the substrate; in the closed soilless culture mode, in order to fully supply nutrients required by crop growth and simultaneously avoid the enrichment of salt in the matrix, the commonly adopted irrigation method is to supply nutrient solution required by the crop growth in an excess manner according to a certain proportion, the salt accumulated in the matrix can be leached out to form a part, and the redundant nutrient solution discharged from the matrix can be recycled. Therefore, the accumulation of salt in the matrix can be reflected by detecting the EC value of the discharged nutrient solution. In addition, closed soilless culture is generally applied to greenhouse planting, the consumption of crop nutrient solution is mainly realized through transpiration, and the most important parameter influencing the transpiration of crops in a greenhouse environment is the solar radiation intensity, so that the implementation of irrigation behaviors can be controlled according to the solar radiation intensity.
As shown in figure 1, a specific implementation mode of the closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method.
The invention controls when irrigation is carried out according to the accumulated amount of solar radiation intensity, and controls the irrigation amount according to the volume and EC value of nutrient solution discharged from a substrate, and the specific control flow is as follows:
1. setting a threshold value V for water consumption of cropsthValue of over-irrigation VD0In which V isD0＝0.2VthMaximum time interval T of two successive irrigationmaxConductivity threshold EC for excess nutrient solution drained from the substrateDth。
2. Obtaining the first irrigation quantity V according to the formula (1)IR1After irrigation, measuring volume V of discharged nutrient solutionD1Electrical conductivity ECD1(ii) a Calculating the nutrient solution amount V actually obtained in the matrix after the irrigation according to a formula (2)C1Calculating the conductivity EC of the discharged nutrient solution according to the formula (3)D1And a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec of1Calculating the total amount SR of solar radiation according to the formula (4), and calculating the change ratio IR of crop transpiration amount with solar radiation according to the formula (5)1。
VIR1＝Vth+VD0(1)
VC1＝VIR1-VD1(2)
ec1＝(ECD1-ECDth)/ECDth(3)
Figure GDA0002400885050000051
IR1＝SR/VC1(5)
3. Determining SR ═ IR1·VthIf not, continuously calculating SR according to the formula (4) and judging again, if less than TmaxWithin a time, satisfy SR ═ IR1·VthStarting irrigation for the 2 nd time, obtaining irrigation quantity according to a formula (6), when ec is equal to ec1<When 0.1,. mu.0, when ec1When 0.1, mu is 0.1, when 0.1<ec1When the content is less than or equal to 0.2, mu is 0.2, and when the content is 0.2<ec1When the ratio is less than or equal to 0.3, mu is 0.3, and in the control method, ec1There is no case of more than 0.3; if T is reachedmaxTime, still SR<IR1·VthThen start irrigation 2 nd time, the irrigation quantity is equal to VIR1. After irrigation, measuring volume V of discharged nutrient solutionD2Electrical conductivity ECD2(ii) a Calculating the actual nutrient obtained in the matrix after the irrigation according to a formula (7)Amount of nutrient solution VC2Calculating the conductivity EC of the nutrient solution discharged at this time according to the formula (8)D2And a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec of2Calculating the total amount SR of solar radiation according to the formula (4), and calculating the change ratio IR of crop transpiration amount with solar radiation according to the formula (9)2。
VIR2＝VIR1·(1+μ) (6)
VC2＝VIR2-VD2(7)
ec2＝(ECD2-ECDth)/ECDth(8)
IR1＝SR/VC2(9)
4. By analogy, SR is judged to be IRi·VthIf not, continuously calculating SR according to the formula (4) and judging again, if less than TmaxWithin a time, satisfy SR ═ IRi·VthStarting the ith irrigation, obtaining the irrigation quantity according to a formula (10), when ec is equal to ec1<When 0.1,. mu.0, when ec1When 0.1, mu is 0.1, when 0.1<ec1When the content is less than or equal to 0.2, mu is 0.2, and when the content is 0.2<ec1When the ratio is less than or equal to 0.3, mu is 0.3, and in the control method, ec1There is no case of more than 0.3; if T is reachedmaxTime, still SR<IR1·VthStarting the ith irrigation with the irrigation quantity equal to VIRi-1. After irrigation, measuring volume V of discharged nutrient solutionDiElectrical conductivity ECDi(ii) a Calculating the nutrient solution amount V actually obtained in the matrix after the irrigation according to the formula (11)CiCalculating the conductivity EC of the discharged nutrient solution according to the formula (12)DiAnd a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec ofiCalculating the total amount SR of solar radiation according to the formula (4), and calculating the change ratio IR of crop transpiration amount with solar radiation according to the formula (13)i。
VIRi＝VIR1·(1+μ) (10)
VCi＝VIRi-VDi(11)
eci＝(ECDi-ECDth)/ECDth(12)
IRi＝SR/VCi(13)
As shown in figure 2, the closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control system is provided with an optical radiation sensor for measuring solar radiation R in a greenhouse and an EC value sensor for measuring conductivity value EC of nutrient solution discharged from a soilless culture substrateDiMeasuring volume V of nutrient solution discharged from soilless culture medium by installing water discharge sensorDi(ii) a The light radiation sensor, the EC value sensor and the water discharge sensor are in electric signal connection with the controller, and the measured parameters are transmitted to the controller. And (3) utilizing a program in the controller to calculate according to the method, and timely and quantitatively controlling an irrigation actuator to irrigate the soilless culture substrate.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method is characterized in that:
a. setting a threshold value V for water consumption of cropsthValue of over-irrigation VD0In which V isD0＝0.1～0.3VthMaximum time interval T of two successive irrigationmaxConductivity threshold EC for excess nutrient solution drained from the substrateDth(ii) a Controlling the irrigation executor to irrigate the soilless culture substrate for the first time with the nutrient solution with the amount VIR1＝Vth+VD0；
b. Detecting the volume V of the nutrient solution discharged by the soilless culture substrate after the first irrigationD1Electrical conductivity ECD1(ii) a Calculating the volume V of the nutrient solution actually obtained by the soilless culture substrate after the first irrigationC1＝VIR1-VD1And conductivity value EC of first discharge nutrient solutionD1And a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec of1＝(ECD1-ECDth)/ECDth(ii) a Detecting the solar radiation quantity R in the greenhouse and calculating the total solar radiation quantity
Figure FDA0002400885040000011
Calculating the change ratio IR of the crop transpiration amount along with the solar radiation according to the volume of the nutrient solution actually obtained by the soilless culture substrate and the total amount of the solar radiation1＝SR/VC1；
c. With the change of time T, when T < TmaxWhen SR is equal to IR1·VthIf not, then with the change of time t, continue to judge SR ═ IR1·VthIf it is true, if it is less than TmaxWithin a time, satisfy SR ═ IR1·VthStarting the second irrigation, and the second irrigation quantity VIR2＝VIR11+ μ, wherein μ < 0.4; if T is reachedmaxTime, still SR < IR1·VthThen, the second irrigation is started, and the irrigation quantity is equal to VIR1；
d. And (3) calculating the time point and the quantity of the third irrigation compared with the time point and the quantity of the second irrigation, repeating the steps of calculating the time point and the quantity of the second irrigation compared with the time point and the quantity of the first irrigation, and performing the following calculation of the time point and the quantity of the second irrigation and the like.
2. The closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: c, determining a parameter mu in the step c, and discharging a nutrient solution conductivity value EC in the irrigationD1And a set discharge nutrient solution conductivity threshold ECDthIs proportional to the difference ec of1When less than 0.1, mu is 0; when ec1When the value is 0.1, the value is mu 0.1; when 0.1 < ec1When the content is less than or equal to 0.2, mu is 0.2; when 0.2 < ec1When the content is less than or equal to 0.3, mu is 0.3.
3. The closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step a, VD0＝0.2Vth。
4. The utility model provides a closed soilless culture automatic irrigation control system which characterized in that: an optical radiation sensor is arranged to measure the solar radiation R in the greenhouse, and an EC value sensor is arranged to measure the conductivity value EC of the nutrient solution discharged from the soilless culture substrateDiSetting a water discharge sensor to measure the volume V of the discharged nutrient solution in the soilless culture substrateDi(ii) a The optical radiation sensor, the EC value sensor and the water discharge sensor are electrically connected with the controller, and the measured parameters are transmitted to the controller; the controller controls the irrigation actuator to irrigate the soilless culture substrate according to any one of the methods of claims 1-3 on a timed basis.
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