CN1304538C - Molded coal made from garbage and process for preparing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to garbage molded coal and a production method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of garbage utilization. A molded coal raw material is composed of three parts: (1) municipal domestic garbage; (2) one or more kinds of combustible matters containing fixed carbon, such as coal slack, sludge, stone coal, coke powder, oil shale, charcoal powder, coal, graphite powder, carbon powder and carbon black; (3) adhesives, such as yellow soil, whitish soil, cement, water glass, waste water in a sugar refinery, furfural waste water, asphalt slag, coal tar, cornstarch for industrial service and cellulose. In the production method, the garbage is sanitized, disinfected, deodorized, separated manually and pulverized below 3 millimeters; the garbage is dried by hot air in a drying kiln, and then, the adhesives and additives are added into the garbage to be mixed; the mixed materials enter a second pulverizer through electromagnetic separation to be pulverized below 3 millimeters, be superfine pulverized, be shaped and be dried. The present invention is garbage renewable energy resource and is a resource comprehensive utilization project. The garbage molded coal enables urban garbage to be resources and energy source, and be sanitized and industrialized. The garbage molded coal changes harms into benefits and change waste into valuables, and the environment protecting benefit is obvious. The present invention has the advantages of little investment, obvious effect, high profit and short construction period.

Description

A kind of production method of rubbish moulded coal

Technical field

The invention belongs to the garbage utilization technical field, be specifically related to utilize the method for rubbish, international Patent classificating number: C10L 5/46, C10L 5/48 for the raw material production moulded coal.

Background technology

Since 20th century the eighties, deep variation has taken place in the society of China, economy and culture.Along with expanding economy, the pollution of environment is also more and more serious.The whole nation in 1997 produces 1.2 hundred million tons of domestic wastes and 35,000,000,000 tons of municipal effluents and trade effluent, and various source of pollution also to sulfurous gas, oxynitrides and the floating dust of the thousands of tons of airborne release, make increasing environmental pollution simultaneously.Treatment of urban garbage, resource utilization, energy, innoxious not solution.Each national capital of treatment of urban garbage technology is different, and the U.S. is garbage power, and different because of component of refuse, the quality of various countries, standard of living, custom, living material are all different, and fund also is a major reason; Japan is the thermal treatment of waste incineration, wastes energy like this, causes serious secondary pollution.The urban life rubbish of China is handled main still stacking method, landfill method, and this method wastes energy, floor space is big, and causes secondary pollution, brings influence for rubbish place environment and people ' s health on every side; Burning method, the pyrolysis method of determining is invested greatly, is wasted energy and also cause secondary pollution; The garbage power investment is big, and the quality of China's municipal wastes, composition are unsuitable for generating; The quantity of refuse that composting process, anaerobic process are used up seldom, economic benefit is also very low.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of garbage treatment that fundamentally solves, turn harm into good, make it the production method of rubbish moulded coal of the protection environment of resource utilization, energy, innoxious and industrialization.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

The moulded coal raw material mainly is made up of domestic waste 10-70 part, combustiblesubstance 30-160 part of containing fixed carbon and caking agent 4-7 part:

The described combustiblesubstance that contains fixed carbon is the mixture of a kind of or several arbitrary proportions of following substances: coal gangue, coal slime, bone coal, coke powder, oil shale, wood charcoal powder, coal, Graphite Powder 99, the plain powder of charcoal, carbon black;

Described caking agent is the mixture of a kind of or several arbitrary proportions of following substances: loess, carclazyte, cement, water glass, wastewater from sugar plant, alditol waste water, pitch slag, coal tar, industrial W-Gum, Mierocrystalline cellulose;

Manufacture craft of the present invention is:

1. rubbish enters special-purpose rubbish place, carries out harmless treatment at once, the sterilization deodorization;

2. simple artificial separation is sorted out the stone more than 10 centimetres, brick, glass and is delivered to fragment of brick place, floor, sterilization, deodorization, pulverizing, stirring moulding, the demoulding, warehouse-in;

3. rubbish is with the shovel loader material of packing into, and choosing enters first pulverizer and is crushed to below 3 millimeters through electromagnetism;

4. enter dry kiln after pulverizing, drying, deodorization, sterilization, 200-400 ℃ of warm air drying, exsiccant gas is by milk of lime water tank harmless emission;

5. dried rubbish adds caking agent, additive, mixes, and mixed material enters second pulverizer below 3 millimeters through the electromagnetism choosing;

6. pulverize after magnetic separation superfine grinding below 1 millimeter;

7. directly enter stirrer after pulverizing and add the suitable quantity of water stirring;

8. directly enter the shaper moulding after stirring;

9. dry in the shade after the moulding, air-dry or dried 5-7 days;

10. finished product warehouse-in, sale.

Main raw material of the present invention is a domestic waste, part combustiblesubstance in the rubbish, i.e. and carbon, hydrogen, oxygen compound, oxygen accounts for seldom.The fixed carbon that all contains some amount in the batching, fine particle add the caking agent extruding or impact briquetting is the type block, can form various type block, are a kind of New-type fuels, can replace lump coal; Every type surface is strengthened and the air contact area, the block uniform particles, and such block owing to uniform particles, good permeability, produces vacuum in the burner hearth internal combustion during burning, certain negative pressure is arranged, and forms air-flow between hole, oxygen supply abundance, but perfect combustion.The density of type block own is big, the thermal value height; Add compound, part plastics fine particle is evenly distributed in the block in the type piece, can control the generation (being at certain temperature, certain combustion conditions product of following moment) of dioxin when burning, and objectionable impurities is cemented in the type body bed, becomes lime-ash.Gu objectionable impuritiess such as sulphur, solid carbon, solid chlorine, solid fluorine, solid cyanogen, fixed nitrogen oxygen compound thoroughly solve the secondary pollution problem.

The present invention reaches the moulded coal standard of national requirements through the check of Changchun energy utilization monitoring center, and has carried out combustion test:

Coal	The present invention's (honeycomb briquet)	Common better honeycomb briquette
			Quantity	12 (3 layers)	12 (3 layers)
Combustion time	3 hours 30 minutes	3 hours
			The flame situation	Light flare 50-60 centimetre, after 30 minutes 15-30 centimetre, 3 hours flourishing.	Light flare 20-30 centimetre, after 30 minutes 10-25 centimetre, flourishing after 2.5 hours.
The coal ash ratio	3.6 kilogram	5.4 kilogram
			The lime-ash situation	Perfect combustion	Soft coal is arranged
Thermal value	4300 kilocalorie/kilograms	4200 kilocalorie/kilograms
			The examination burning time	On October 6th, 2003	On October 6th, 2003

The user burns report to having a competition:

Coal	The present invention's (honeycomb briquet)	Common moulded coal
			Specification	10 * 10 * 10 1	10 * 10 * 10 1
Boiler type	Model: 1 ton of heat 151C of DZH-U4 pressure 0.4 steam output	Model: 1 ton of heat 151 of DZH-U4 pressure 0.4 steam output
			Coal consumption	8 544 of 4 layers of every rows of 17 rows	8 544 of 4 layers of every rows of 17 rows
The burning method	Flare begins 80 centimetres of 40 centimetres of marquis's coking in 2 hours after 40 minutes	Flare begins 80 centimetres of 30 centimetres of marquis's coking in 2 hours after 50 minutes
			Heat	Butt gross calorific value 4350 kilocalories/kg air butt net calorific value 4100 kilocalorie/kilograms	Butt gross calorific value 4310 kilocalories/kg air butt net calorific value 4100 kilocalorie/kilograms
Volatilization	4300 kilocalorie/kilograms	4200 kilocalorie/kilograms
			Combustion time	16 hours	15.5 hour
Draft type	Natural ventilation	Natural ventilation
			Flue dust	Substantially smokeless	Lin Gehei change＜second class
Lime-ash	No black carbon residue 15%	Black carbon residue 30% is arranged
			Time	On May 30th, 2004	On May 29th, 2004
The user	Changchun Kang Jie washs company limited

Examination is burnt comparing result and is thought that two kinds of moulded coal combustion efficacies have difference, and rubbish moulded coal advantage of the present invention is:

1. easily light; 2. flare is long, and it is longer to hold time; 3. thermal value height; 4. lime-ash is few; 5. burning does not thoroughly have soft coal and black lime-ash; 6. reach environmental requirement.

The present invention is that rubbish is the renewable energy resources, is the comprehensive utilization of resources project, make municipal wastes can resource utilization, energy, innoxious, industrialization, turn harm into good, turn waste into wealth, environmental benefit is remarkable; The present invention has less investment, instant effect, profit height, short positively effect of construction period.

The comprehensive cost of the non-watertight type of rubbish moulded coal of the present invention only is 160 yuan/ton, 260 yuan/ton per ton of market price moulded coal, and the net income of rubbish moulded coal of the present invention per ton like this is 100 yuan; The comprehensive cost of rubbish moulded coal waterproof type of the present invention only is 180 yuan/ton, and net income per ton is 80 yuan, and economic benefit is more considerable.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

1. rubbish enters special-purpose rubbish place;

2. carry out harmless treatment after the dumping immediately, every cubic metre of rubbish sprays 2 kilograms of chlorinated lime (pulvis), sprays 10 kilograms of limes (pulvis) sterilization deodorization simultaneously; With manually simply the stone more than 10 centimetres, brick, vial etc. being sub-elected;

3. rubbish is crushed to below 3 millimeters with pulverizer;

4. the rubbish after pulverizing enters drying oven, 400 ℃ of temperature dryings, deodorization, sterilization; Exsiccant gas is by milk of lime water tank harmless emission;

5. carry out mixing formula (weight part) behind the drying garbage: 50 parts in rubbish, contain the combustiblesubstance of fixed carbon: 30 parts of coke powders, 30 parts of coal slimes, 10 parts of carbon powders, 10 parts of coal gangues, caking agent: 5 parts of cement;

6. the said ratio material is mixed, mix the back and pulverize below 3 millimeters;

7. enter superfine grinding again below 1 millimeter after pulverizing;

8. enter stirrer after pulverizing, add suitable quantity of water and stirred 3-5 minute;

9. enter shaper extruding or impact briquetting after stirring, forming pressure is 200-500 kilogram/square centimeter, and pulverized particles is less than 1 millimeter;

10. after product comes out, dry in the shade, air-dry or dried 5-7 days; Can put in storage, sell.

Embodiment 2:

Step 4. drying temperature is 250 ℃;

5. step carries out mixing formula (weight part) behind the drying garbage: 40 parts in rubbish, contain the combustiblesubstance of fixed carbon: 10 parts of coke powders, 10 parts of coal slimes, 20 parts of oil shales, 20 parts of bone coals, caking agent: 4 parts of cement;

Other step is with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3:

Step 4. drying temperature is 350 ℃;

5. step carries out mixing formula (weight part) behind the drying garbage: 70 parts in rubbish, contain the combustiblesubstance of fixed carbon: 20 parts of coke powders, 40 parts in coal, 30 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 30 parts of coal gangues, caking agent: 7 parts of cement;

Other step is with embodiment 1.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of production method of rubbish moulded coal may further comprise the steps:

1. rubbish enters special-purpose rubbish place;

2. carry out harmless treatment after the dumping immediately, every cubic metre of rubbish sprays 2 kilograms of chlorinated lime, sprays 10 kilograms of lime sterilization deodorizations simultaneously; With manually simply the stone more than 10 centimetres, brick, vial etc. being sub-elected;

3. rubbish is crushed to below 3 millimeters with pulverizer;

4. the rubbish after pulverizing enters drying oven, 200-400 ℃ of temperature drying, deodorization, sterilization; Exsiccant gas is by milk of lime water tank harmless emission;

5. carry out the mixing formula weight part behind the drying garbage: 20 parts in rubbish, 30 parts of coke powders, 30 parts of coal slimes, 5 parts of carbon powders, 10 parts of coal gangues, 5 parts of cement;

6. the said ratio material is mixed, be crushed to after the mixing below 3 millimeters;

7. enter superfine grinding again below 1 millimeter after pulverizing;

8. enter stirrer after pulverizing, add suitable quantity of water and stirred 3-5 minute;

9. enter shaper extruding or impact briquetting after stirring, forming pressure is 200-500 kilogram/square centimeter;

9. after product comes out, dry in the shade, air-dry or dried 5-7 days.