CN1304216C - 带有两用导体肋板的涡流制动系统 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
- H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Transportation (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
一种带有两用导体肋板(40、60)的涡流制动系统,包括一个空间间隔永磁铁(16、18)的线性阵列和一个非磁导体肋板。相对于肋板安装上述磁铁,以使它们彼此通过一定距离,该距离足以在肋板中产生感应涡流以便于在上述磁铁和肋板之间产生制动力。设置一个用于摩擦啮合上述肋板的机械制动器(36、70)和一个肋板上的表面处理,可以使肋板承受很大的机械摩擦损伤,而不会影响感应涡流制动的变化。
Description
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种永磁线性制动器,尤其是指用于机动车,例如轨行车、手推车、电梯车厢、传送机车、过山车等的涡流制动系统。
背景技术
作为一个具体的示例,在上文中所述的例如过山车那样的娱乐用车都是通过摩擦制动器将安装良好的车减速和制动。然而由于摩擦,这样的制动器容易磨损,并必须定期检测和保养,才能维持正常的工作状态。
由于制动过程不和轨道产生接触,所以线性涡流制动器就是上述摩擦制动器的一个优选替代品,它们可以免受由于摩擦造成的磨损。
线性涡流制动器基于感应原理。当导体运动穿过磁场时,导体中产生涡流,该涡流引发一个与该导体穿过的上述磁场相反的次生磁场。
上述合力分量的作用方向和该导体的运动方向相反。于是糟糕的是,上述线性涡流制动器依赖于运动变化,可能将车辆或装置保持在固定的位置上或者完全制动在倾斜的轨道上。因此,为了辅助涡流制动器,还经常使用一个单独的副摩擦制动器来补充。但是该单独的系统增加了整个制动系统的成本,并通常还需要一个专门用于摩擦制动器的第二制动肋板。
本发明提供了一种两用导体肋板,一是用于感应涡流,二是用于为机械的闸瓦提供一个配合表面。
发明内容
按本发明的一种制动系统,通常包括一个空间间隔的永磁铁线性阵列和一个非磁性导体肋板。上述磁铁和肋板安装得使其彼此通过一定距离,该距离足以在肋板中产生涡流感应以便于在上述磁铁和肋板之间产生制动力。
也可以提供一种机械制动器来摩擦配合相同的肋板,更重要的是,肋板上的表面处理可以使其承受很大的机械摩擦损伤,而不会影响肋板的可变电导率,这样通过表面处理,肋板就具有两用功能,既可以产生涡流,又可以提供摩擦制动。
上述两用功能就减少了所需部件的数量,通过将涡流制动器和机械制动器设置在下文所详细讨论的一个单一中心线上,使得制动器更有效的利用有限的空间。
肋板上的表面处理使其作为感应涡流的非导体而保持其功能。
更为实际的是,该表面处理可从一组例如包括硬质铬、镍、镍-铬、高速喷射涂层和无电镀镍涂层中的涂层中选出。
在本发明的一个实施例中,该肋板垂直安装,以通过上述磁铁。在该实施例中,该机械制动器还包括一个夹紧制动器。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,该肋板水平安装,以通过上述磁铁。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑时,本发明的优点和特征将通过下面的说明得到更好的理解,附图所示为:
图1是本发明一个实施例的视图,其所示为空间间隔开的永磁铁线性阵列。一个非磁导体肋板垂直取向地设置和安装,以通过上述永磁铁以及一个同样作用于该肋片的同轴摩擦制动器。肋板上的表面处理可以使其承受很大的机械摩擦损伤,而不会影响肋板的电导率变化;和
图2是本发明另一个实施例的视图,其中肋板水平安装以通过上述磁铁。
具体实施方式
参见图1,其中示出了一个根据本发明的制动系统10,该系统包括空间间隔开的永磁铁16、18及其线性阵列12、14以及一个固定到车辆或装置24上、并从那里沿垂直方向向下的非磁导体肋板20。
支架28、30提供了一个用于相对于肋板20安装磁铁16、18的装置,以使它们彼此通过一定距离,该距离足以在肋板20中产生涡流感应以便于在磁铁16、18和肋板20之间产生一个制动力。
1999年11月22日申请的美国专利申请S.N.09/446206“包括涡流制动系统的装置”和2000年2月15日申请的美国专利申请S.N.09/504575“涡流制动装置”中已经公开了这样的涡流制动系统。为了说明本发明涡流制动构件的原理,这些申请包括说明和附图都结合到本文中。
可以设置一个机械制动器36,通过闸瓦38摩擦啮合肋板20。也可以使用一个传统的夹紧制动器。
应该指出的是,由于单一导体肋板20可同时用于涡流制动和摩擦制动,所以就大大减少了所需的部件的数量。通过将涡流制动器16、18和机械制动器36设置在下文所详细讨论的一个由肋板20限定的单一中心线上,使得制动器更有效的利用有限的空间。
本发明的这种结构可以通过使用图1中剖面线所示的表面处理或者涂层40实现。
可以根据导体肋板的材料、所需磨损特性和使用多样性进行选择涂层40。所设置的涂层40对肋板20的导电性方面具有小的或没有影响,并且相应地,此处的感应涡流不会因制动器36在工作中对涂层的任何物理损伤而改变。
合适的涂层包括但不局限于硬质铬、镍、镍铬合金、高速氧燃料喷层(HVOF)、无电镀镍涂层等等。作为一个示例,当肋板20由铬铜合金构成时,可以提供合适效果的硬质铬涂层的厚度为0.005″到0.025″,优选为0.01″到0.02″。用于涂层的表面处理的应用工艺包括:
在用于高磨损场合时,在高温下喷射的条件下,热粉末/热金属丝-金属粉末或金属丝,例如氧化铬、氧化铝和铝-钛涂层,可以根据粉末的材料,沉积为很高的厚度(0.035″),其粘结强度达到3.500psi。
根据所需的材料来选择使用铜、钢、镍、不锈钢或锌的电弧金属丝。该处理过程可以提供非常好的粘结强度(10.000psi+)、重复性、厚度。
等离子涂敷-提供了一种更广阔的材料选择可能性,特别是可在钨、碳化铬和陶瓷、金属、碳以及超合金涂层中选择。而且还提供了良好的粘结强度(可达12.000psi)、低有孔性(1%-3%)和良好的厚度。
高速氧燃料(HVOF)-钨和碳化铬,例如碳化钨-钴涂层和各种碳,以及例如碳化铬-镍铬(Cr3C2-NiCr)涂层的其它材料的热喷。其超粘结强度(远远超过12.000psi)、无孔性和良好的厚度(0.250″+)却要取决于材料。
当然也可以使用任何其它已知的能够提供合适机械和磁特性的涂层或电镀材料。
现在参见图2,其中示出了制动系统50的一个替代实施例,该系统包括一个空间间隔的永磁铁54、56、58的线性阵列和一个与车厢62水平放置的非磁导体肋板60。
地基66设置了一个相对于肋板60用于安装上述磁铁的装置,以使它们彼此通过一定距离,该距离足以在肋板60产生感应涡流以便于磁铁54、56、58和该肋板之间产生一个制动力。在美国专利申请S.N.09/504575中公开了这种设置方式,该申请在上文具体描述过,这里结合到本申请中。
在该系统50中,一个机械制动器70使闸瓦72与肋板60的底侧74相啮合。一个在图2中未示出,但与图1中所示涂层相同的涂层可以使该导体肋板能够经受制动器72产生的摩擦和压力机械损伤。如图1中所示的实施例10,磁铁54、56、58和制动器70可以在肋板60之下沿一个由肋板60限定的中心线78相互对齐。
虽然上面描述了一个本发明的制动系统,其目的就是为了更有利的说明使用本发明,但应该指出的是本发明并不局限于此。相应地,对于本领域技术人员可以理解,所有修改、变化或等同的布置都可以认为落入本发明按附后的权利要求书所限定的范围内。
Claims (14)
1.一种制动系统,包括:
一个空间间隔永磁铁的线性阵列;
一个非磁导体肋板;
相对于该肋板安装上述磁铁的装置,以使它们彼此通过一定距离,该距离足以在肋板中产生感应涡流以便于在上述磁铁和肋板之间产生制动力;
一个用于摩擦啮合上述肋板的机械制动器;和
一个肋板上的表面处理,可以使肋板承受很大的机械摩擦损伤,而不会影响肋板的电导率。
2.按权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述表面处理包括一个涂层。
3.按权利要求2所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述涂层从硬质铬、镍、镍-铬、高速喷层和电镀镍涂层中选出。
4.按权利要求2所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述涂层的厚度大约在0.005″和0.025″之间。
5.按权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,该肋板垂直安装,以通过上述磁铁。
6.按权利要求5所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述机械制动器包括一个夹紧制动器。
7.按权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,该肋板水平安装,以通过上述磁铁。
8.一种制动系统,包括:
一个空间间隔永磁铁的线性阵列;
一个非磁导体肋板;
相对于该肋板安装上述磁铁的装置,以使它们彼此通过一定距离,该距离足以在肋板中产生感应涡流以便于在上述磁铁和肋板之间产生制动力;
一个用于摩擦啮合上述肋板的机械制动器;和
一个肋板上的表面处理,可以使肋板承受很大的机械摩擦损伤,而不会影响感应涡流的变化。
9.按权利要求8所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述表面处理包括一个涂层。
10.按权利要求9所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述涂层从硬质铬、镍、镍-铬、高速喷层和电镀镍涂层中选出。
11.按权利要求9所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述涂层的厚度大约在0.005″和0.025″之间。
12.按权利要求8所述的制动系统,其特征在于,该肋板垂直安装,以通过上述磁铁。
13.按权利要求12所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述机械制动器包括一个夹紧制动器。
14.按权利要求8所述的制动系统,其特征在于,该肋板水平安装,以通过上述磁铁。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/618,086 US6412611B1 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2000-07-17 | Eddy current brake system with dual use conductor fin |
US09/618,086 | 2000-07-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1452570A CN1452570A (zh) | 2003-10-29 |
CN1304216C true CN1304216C (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
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CNB01815283XA Expired - Fee Related CN1304216C (zh) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-07-11 | 带有两用导体肋板的涡流制动系统 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6412611B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1334001A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2004504549A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1304216C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2001273408A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2415841A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002006075A1 (zh) |
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- 2001-07-11 JP JP2002511991A patent/JP2004504549A/ja active Pending
- 2001-07-11 CN CNB01815283XA patent/CN1304216C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-11 WO PCT/US2001/021988 patent/WO2002006075A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1334001A4 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
WO2002006075A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
US6412611B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
CN1452570A (zh) | 2003-10-29 |
AU2001273408A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
JP2004504549A (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
CA2415841A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
EP1334001A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
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