CN1300055C - Cubic boron nitride sintered body - Google Patents
Cubic boron nitride sintered body Download PDFInfo
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- CN1300055C CN1300055C CNB991106350A CN99110635A CN1300055C CN 1300055 C CN1300055 C CN 1300055C CN B991106350 A CNB991106350 A CN B991106350A CN 99110635 A CN99110635 A CN 99110635A CN 1300055 C CN1300055 C CN 1300055C
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Abstract
A cBN sintered body superior in chipping resistance. The cBN sintered body is a sintered body in which cBN particles are bonded through a bonding phase. The bonding phase has a two-dimensionally continuous structure, wherein its inclusive composition state in the specification. The percentage of cBN content is 45 to 70% in volume. The bonding phase has the thickness of which the average value is 1.5 mu m or less and the standard deviation is 0.9 mu m or less with the cBN particles having an average particle size of 2 to 6 mu m inclusive. The bonding phase has the thickness of which the average value is 1.0 mu m or less and the standard deviation is 0.7 mu m or less with the cBN particles having an average particle size of not less than 0.01 mu m and less than 2.0 mu m.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cubic boron nitride (cBN) sintered compact, relate in particular to the cBN sintered compact that is used for cutting tool, with wear resistance and the anti-performance of bursting apart of improving cutter.
Background technology
Because cBN is that a kind of hardness is only second to adamantine material, therefore, cBN base sintered compact is at cutting tool, wear parts, be applied in the occasions such as shock-resistant parts, such sintered compact is difficult to obtain simultaneously high rigidity and high strength, special public clear 62-25630,62-25631, and special open flat 5-186272 and the technology of the matched well that is intended to realize hardness and intensity is disclosed, yet, disclosed technology is for the matched well that realizes hardness and intensity and insufficient, for example, the single-point tool that comprises aforementioned sintered compact is when being used for high speed cutting, allow flank wear and crescent hollow abrasion take place, so that cutting edge is sharp keen, the result causes blade mouth crack (chipping) easily, even for common cutting speed, described cutter can be owing to blade mouth crack takes place in ballistic effect when occasion that is used to apply intense impact such as interrupted cut, and this defective has caused the instability of cutter life.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cBN sintered compact, this sintered compact has the more excellent anti-performance of bursting apart owing to anti-crescent hollow abrasion performance and physical strength have been carried out optimal selection.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of cBN sintered compact, and this sintered compact has the more excellent anti-performance of bursting apart owing to shock resistance and physical strength have been carried out optimal selection.
The bright first kind of sintered compact that provides of written or printed documents is a kind of like this sintered compact, and wherein, the cBN particle bonds mutually by a kind of bonding, and described bonding has two-dimentional continuous structure mutually.Described bonding comprises following a kind of material mutually at least: (a) carbide of .Ti, Zr, Cr, Hf, Ta or W, nitride, carbonitride or boride; (b) nitride of .Al, boride or oxide compound; (c) at least a Fe, Co, or the carbide of Ni, nitride, carbonitride and boride; And (d). a kind of mutual sosoloid of above-mentioned these materials.The mean value of described bonding phase thickness should be less than or equal to 1.5 μ m, and its standard deviation is less than or equal in the superincumbent description of 0.9 μ m., and the bonding phase thickness refers to the interparticle distance of cBN on the straight line that is in any picture in the sintered compact.The volume percent of described cBN content is 45-70%.The mean sizes of described cBN particle is 2-6 μ m (head and the tail two sizes includes interior).Described average particulate size refers to the diameter that accumulation particle volume percentage ratio accounts for 50% particle.
Second kind of sintered compact provided by the present invention is a kind of like this sintered compact, and wherein, the cBN particle bonds mutually by a kind of bonding.Described bonding has two-dimentional continuous structure mutually, and described bonding comprises at least a following material mutually: (a) carbide of .Ti, Zr, Cr, Hf, Ta or W, nitride, carbonitride or boride; (b) nitride of .Al, boride or oxide compound; (c). the carbide of at least a Fe, Co or Ni, nitride, carbonitride and boride; And (d).A kind of mutual sosoloid of above-mentioned these materials.The mean thickness of described bonding phase is less than or equal to 1.0 μ m, and its standard deviation is less than or equal to 0.7 μ m.In the superincumbent description, the thickness of described bonding phase refers to the interparticle distance of cBN on the straight line that is in any picture in the sintered compact.The percent by volume of cBN content is 45-70%.The mean sizes of described cBN particle should be not less than 0.01 μ m but less than 2.0 μ m.The cumulative volume percentage ratio that described mean sizes refers to particle accounts for the diameter of 50% particle.
Traditional cBN sintered compact has comprised the very big sintering phase of a kind of variation in thickness, itself occupies the regional area of significant volume mutually thereby produce bonding.Because these positions are the mechanical property weak areas (defective) in the sintered compact, therefore, crackle is easy to produce at these positions, causes the anti-performance deficiency of bursting apart of cutter.
Because cutting edge place temperature height is so high speed cutting especially can reduce the intensity of material.High speed cutting also can produce crescent hollow abrasion, makes cutting edge sharp keen, thereby reduces the intensity of cutting edge.In this case, can produce because cutting edge is subjected to impacting caused, parallel with cutting edge crackle at the crescent hollow abrasion position.Under interrupted shock action, described crack propagation, thus cause bursting apart appearance.
Even under common cutting speed, when cutter is used to have the occasion of shock action such as interrupted cut, impact can cause above-mentioned rejected region stress concentration to occur, and this stress concentration can cause fracture at the rejected region of this mechanical property weakness, thereby causes the generation of blade mouth crack.
Consider above-mentioned this inefficacy mechanism, the present invention has the variation in thickness littler mutually than traditional sintered compact bonding mutually by making bonding, eliminates above-mentioned rejected region, thereby makes sintered compact of the present invention have the anti-performance of bursting apart of improvement.When the bonding thickness average value of phase and standard deviation surpass above-mentioned particular value, only accounting for significant volume fractional position mutually by described bonding will increase, thereby has weakened burst apart effective improvement of performance of antagonism.The lower limit of bonding phase average thickness should be about 0.02 μ m, to guarantee the performance of its effect.
If the diameter of cBN particle is too small, described particle will be lost its thermotolerance, thereby causes the generation of wearing and tearing easily; If diameter is excessive, itself will take place splitting in described cBN particle under shock action, causes cutting edge to occur bursting apart, thereby causes cutlery to lose its anti-performance of bursting apart.Therefore, first kind of sintered compact of the present invention should contain the cBN particle that size of particles is 2-6 μ m, so that it has good thermotolerance and is suitable for high speed cutting.Similarly, second kind of sintered compact of the present invention should contain that size of particles is not less than 0.01 μ m but less than the cBN particle of 2.0 μ m, so that it has the superior shock resistance energy.
Agglomerated material of the present invention can obtain by with a kind of bonding phase material coating cBN or with ad hoc approach starting material being mixed.The coating of bonding phase material is implemented by one of following method:
(a) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, the perhaps electrochemical plating before the sintering; Or:
When (b) utilizing mechanically mixing by extrusion shearing power, frictional force, and the mechanico-chemical reaction that brings out of surging force.
Optimal specific blending means is auxiliary ball milling (BM) method of ultrasonic hybrid system or dispersion agent.
The sintering process of agglomerated material of the present invention for example adopts, and plasma sintering equipment, hot-press equipment or ultra-high pressure sintering equipment carry out.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention are described below.
Embodiment 1
Following material is mixed: the titanium nitride of 76 weight %, the Al of 18 weight %, the Co of 3 weight %, and 3 weight %Ni, in a vacuum described mixture is reached 30 minutes 1200 ℃ of thermal treatments,, this compound is pulverized to obtain a kind of matrix material powder to obtain a kind of compound.X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) shows that described matrix material powder has TiN, Ti
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak occur.Adopting method described in the table 1, is that the cBN powder of 3 μ m mixes to described matrix material powder and a kind of average particle size, so that the volume fraction of cBN is 60%, the detailed conditions of described blending means is described below.No. 2 sample uses the RF sputtering method that TiN is coated on the cBN particle.The mean thickness of described coating is 50nm.When being mixed, do not use by No. 2 samples dispersion agent.
Ultrasonic blended implementation process is: a kind of cBN powder and a kind of binder material are added in the ethanol, mix under the ultrasonic vibration effect of 20kHz.The implementation process of BM hybrid system is: is that the 10mm abrading-ball is put into one jar together with a kind of cBN powder and a kind of matrix material powder with diameter, reaches 800 minutes with rotating speed wet mixing in ethanol of 250rpm, and employed dispersion agent is the polyvinyl alcohol of 2 weight %.
Described mixed powder is carried out sintering XRD under respectively up to the ultra-high voltage of 5GPa and 1300 ℃ and high temperature show, have cBN, TiN, TiB in all sintered compacies
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3, and WC.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1500 times metaloscope is taken, so that the bonding of the cBN particle of observation black and white mutually.By on these photos, drawing the thickness that any straight line is measured the bonding phase.Measure the bonding phase thickness of 20 or more position on described straight line, the perhaps interparticle distance of cBN is to obtain the mean value of measuring result.The mean value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 1.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Described cutter carries out cutting test then to measure its life-span under following condition, the time before promptly occurring bursting apart.The results are shown in the table 1.
The cutting test condition
Material to be cut: SCM415, HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm and length 300mm, shape: have 6 V-grooves along its length.
The shape of tool: SNG432 honing chamfering (25 °, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:180m/ minute, d:0.3mm, f:0.15mm/ changes,
Condition: do cutting
Table 1
| Numbering | Blending means | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 1 | Ultrasonic hybrid system | 1.3 | 0.85 | 50 |
| 2 | BM (ball milling) method, wherein with the matrix material powder mixes before be coated with TiN on the cBN particle | 1.2 | 0.8 | 55 |
| 3 | Use the BM method of dispersion agent | 1.2 | 0.84 | 52 |
| 4 | Do not use the BM method of dispersion agent | 1.3 | 1.1 | 21 |
| 5 | Mix with masher | 1.2 | 1.0 | 25 |
The result clearlys show, when the particle mean sizes be 3 μ m the cBN particle by the thickness mean sizes be not more than 1.5 μ m with and standard deviation be no more than the bonding of 0.9 μ m when bonding, cutter life prolongs about 2 times, this result also confirms, when the matrix material powder is mixed with the cBN powder, so that when obtaining to contain the sintered compact of bonding phase of aforementioned thicknesses, it is gratifying using the auxiliary ball milled of ultrasonic hybrid system or dispersion agent.And the phase material that will bond to be coated on the cBN particle also be effective.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the method identical to produce a kind of matrix material powder with embodiment 1.The described method of employing table 2 is the cBN powder mixes of 1 μ m with described matrix material and average particulate size, so that the volume fraction of cBN reaches 60%, the detailed conditions of described blending means is described below.No. 7 sample uses the RF sputtering method that TiN is coated on the cBN particle, and the mean thickness of described coating is 40nm, and dispersion agent is not used in the mixing of No. 7 samples.
Ultrasonic blended implementation process is cBN powder and matrix material powder to be added in the acetone, and to mix under the ultrasonic vibration effect of 23.5kHz.The implementation process of BM hybrid system is: is that the abrading-ball of 10mm places in one jar together with cBN powder and matrix material powder with diameter, and in ethanol, with the rotating speed wet mixing of 235rpm 340 minutes, employed dispersion agent was the polyvinyl alcohol of 1.5 weight %.
The described mixed powder of sintering under up to the ultra-high voltage of 5GPa and 1300 ℃ and high temperature.In the XRD analysis, all sintered compacies all show cBN, TiN, TiB
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3And WC exists.
The structure that adopts the method identical with embodiment 1 to observe described sintered compact, to measure the thickness of the phase that bonds, the thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are listed in the table 2.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the following conditions described cutter is carried out cutting experiment, to measure its life-span, the time when promptly bursting apart appears in cutter.Institute obtains that the results are shown in Table 2.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415, HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNGM20408 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:100m/min, d:0.2mm, f:0.13m/ changes,
Condition: do cutting
Table 2
| Numbering | Hybrid system | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 6 | Ultrasonic blending means | 0.7 | 0.45 | 50 |
| 7 | The BM method, wherein with the matrix material powder mixes before be coated with TiN on the cBN particle | 0.8 | 0.50 | 55 |
| 8 | Use the BM method of dispersion agent | 0.7 | 0.52 | 52 |
| 9 | Do not use the BM method of dispersion agent | 0.8 | 0.75 | 21 |
| 10 | Mix with masher | 0.7 | 0.79 | 25 |
The result clearlys show, when average particulate size is that the cBN particle of 1 μ m is not more than 1.0 μ m by thickness average value and indicates accurate deviate and is no more than the burl of 0.7 μ m when bonding, the life-span of cutter prolongs about 2 times, described result also confirms, when described bond powders is mixed with the cBN powder, so that when obtaining to contain the sintered compact of bonding phase of above-mentioned thickness, it is gratifying using the auxiliary ball milled of ultrasonic hybrid system or dispersion agent.
Embodiment 3
Following material is mixed: 75 weight % titanium nitrides, 22 weight %Al, 2 weight %Co, and 1 weight %Ni.In a vacuum described mixture is heat-treated under 1240 ℃ and reach 32 minutes, to obtain a kind of compound.Described compound is pulverized to obtain a kind of matrix material powder.In the X-ray diffraction spectrum, Ti TiN appearred, in described matrix material powder
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak.Adopting ultrasonic hybrid system and the auxiliary ball milling of a kind of no dispersion agent (BM) method, is that the cBN powder of 4.8 μ m is mixed with described matrix material and average particulate size, so that the volume fraction of cBN reaches 65%.The actual conditions of blending means is described below.
The implementation process of ultrasonic hybrid system is: a kind of cBN powder and a kind of matrix material powder are added in the acetone, and mix under the ultrasonic vibration effect of 25kHz.The implementation process of BM hybrid system is: is that the abrading-ball of 10mm places in one jar together with a kind of cBN powder and a kind of matrix material powder with diameter, in ethanol with the rotating speed wet mixing of 200rpm 600 minutes.
The described mixed powder of sintering under up to the ultra-high voltage of 4.85GPa and 1310 ℃ and high temperature.Among the XRD, all sintered compacies have all demonstrated cBN, TiN, TiB
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3And WC exists.Described method is observed the structure of described sintered compact below adopting, and to each following observational technique, all adopts the method identical with embodiment 1 to measure the thickness of the phase that bonds.
(1) under 1500 times metaloscope, structure is taken, so that the bonding of the cBN particle of observation black and white mutually, by the thickness that any line is measured described bonding phase of drawing at photo.
(2) under 3000 times scanning electronic microscope (SEM), described structure is taken, so that observe the cBN particle and bond mutually.By on described photo, drawing the thickness that any straight line is measured described bonding phase.
(3) under 10000 times transmission electron microscope (TEM), described structure is taken, so that observe the cBN particle and bond mutually, by on described photo, drawing the thickness that any straight line is measured described bonding phase.
(4) adopt 10000 times Auger electron spectrometer (AES) that described structure is taken, to observe the cBN particle and to bond mutually.By on described photo, drawing the thickness that any straight line is measured described bonding phase.
(5) under 1500 times metaloscope, described structure is taken, mutually with the cBN particle of observing black and white bonding.Adopt image analysis to be handled to described photo.Described image is carried out two levels quantize, so that equate with the percent by volume of cBN with the area percent at the corresponding black of cBN particle position.Then, determine and the mutually corresponding position of bonding, so that measure the thickness of bonding phase.
(6) under 1000 times metaloscope, described structure is taken, mutually with the cBN particle of observing black and white bonding.Adopt the image branch to analyse described photo is handled, to measure the brightness on drawn any line.Measuring result shows that brightness has periodically.At first, according to the degree of brightness, described each section of straight line is divided into two groups: one group than given brightness also dark (corresponding with the cBN particle); Another group brighter (mutually corresponding) with bonding.Secondly, the mode of determining brightness level is controlled, so that equate with the percent by volume of cBN than the percentage ratio of dark-part.At last, the length that will divide than highlights is as the thickness of bonding phase.
The bonding phase thickness mean value and the standard deviation that are obtained are listed in the table 3.
Table 3
| Numbering | Measuring method | Blending means | |||
| Ultrasonic mixing | Ball milling mixes | ||||
| The bonding phase thickness | The bonding phase thickness | ||||
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | ||
| 11 | (1) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 12 | (2) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 13 | (3) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 14 | (4) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 15 | (5) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 16 | (6) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool, then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure the life-span of cutter, the time when promptly occurring until bursting apart.Adopt about 20 minutes of supersonic method blended sintered compact life-span, adopt about 5 minutes of ball milled blended sintered compact life-span, this result confirms that when mixing the matrix material powder, ultrasonic hybrid system is better than not using the ball milled of dispersion agent.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM420, HRC59-61, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 8 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNGN20408 honing chamfering (25 °, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:150m/min, d:0.25mm, f:0.11mm/ changes, condition: do cutting
Embodiment 4
Following material is mixed: 73 weight % titanium nitrides, 19 weight %Al, 4 weight %Co and 4 weight %Ni.In a vacuum, in 1240 ℃ to described mixture thermal treatment 32 minutes, to obtain a kind of compound.Described compound is pulverized, thereby obtained a kind of matrix material powder.Among the XRD, described matrix material powder has TiN, Ti
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak occur.Adopting ultrasonic hybrid system and employing not to have the auxiliary ball milling of dispersion agent (BM) method, is that the cBN powder of 0.5 μ m is mixed with described matrix material powder and average particulate size, so that the volume fraction of cBN reaches 65%, the detailed conditions of blending means is described below.
Ultrasonic method blended implementation process is: cBN powder and matrix material powder are added in the ethanol, and mix under the ultrasonic vibration effect of 22.3kHz.The implementation process of BM hybrid system is: cBN powder and the matrix material powder abrading-ball with diameter 10mm is placed in one jar together, in acetone, carry out wet mixing with the rotating speed of 215rpm and reach 450 minutes.
Under ultra-high voltage and high temperature up to 4.85GPa and 1310 ℃, the described mixed powder of sintering.Among the XRD, all sintered compacies have all demonstrated cBN, TiN, TiB
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3, and WC exist.Adopt with embodiment 3 in be numbered the identical method in (1)-(6) and handle described sintered compact, to measure the thickness of the phase that bonds, the mean value and the standard deviation of the bonding phase thickness that is obtained are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
| Numbering | Measuring method | Blending means | |||
| Ultrasonic mixing | Ball milling mixes | ||||
| The bonding phase thickness | The bonding phase thickness | ||||
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | ||
| 17 | (1) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| 18 | (2) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| 19 | (3) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| 20 | (4) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| 21 | (5) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| 22 | (6) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the following conditions, described cutter is carried out cutting test,, promptly until the time span of bursting apart till occurring, adopt about 20 minutes of ultrasonic wave blended sintered compact life-span, and adopt only about 5 minutes of ball milled blended sintered compact life-span to measure its life-span.This result confirms that when mixing the matrix material powder, ultrasonic hybrid system is better than not having the auxiliary ball milled of dispersion agent.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM420 (JIS standard), HRC59-61, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 8 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNGN120408 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:90m/min, d:0.23mm, f:0.14mm/ changes, condition: do cutting.
Embodiment 5
Following material is mixed: 80 weight % titanium nitrides and 20 weight %Al.In a vacuum, in 1200 ℃ to described mixture thermal treatment 30 minutes, to obtain a kind of compound.Described compound is pulverized to form a kind of matrix material powder, and described powder knot material powder has TiN, Ti in XRD
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak occur.The cBN particle that with average particulate size is 3.5 μ m is with described bond powders coated materials, so that cBN occupies volume fraction as shown in table 5.Adopt a kind of RF sputter PVD equipment to carry out above-mentioned coating.Under the TEM particle observation after applying is shown that the cBN particle in fact evenly is coated with the TiN that mean thickness is 50nm, the cBN particle that adopts the ball milling method that does not use dispersion agent will be coated with TiN is mixed with aforesaid matrix material powder.The mixing process of BM method is: cBN powder and matrix material powder are put into one jar together with the abrading-ball of diameter 10mm, in acetone, with the rotating speed wet mixing of 260rpm 650 minutes, the described mixed powder of sintering under up to the high temperature of the ultra-high voltage of 4.8GPa and 1350 ℃.All sintered compacies all demonstrate cBN, TiN, TiB in XRD
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3And the existence of WC.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1500 times metaloscope is taken, with the cBN particle of observing black and white bonding mutually.By on described photo, drawing any straight line, measure the thickness of described bonding phase.The thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 5.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure its life-span, promptly until the time of bursting apart till occurring.The result that obtains also is shown in Table 5.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415, HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNG432 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:165m/min, d:0.19mm, f:0.125mm/ changes, condition: do cutting.
Table 5
| Numbering | The percent by volume of cBN content (%) | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 23 | 40 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2 |
| 24 | 45 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 26 |
| 25 | 50 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 31 |
| 26 | 60 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 32 |
| 27 | 65 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 31 |
| 28 | 70 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 25 |
| 29 | 75 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 4 |
Embodiment 6
Following material is mixed: 92 weight % titanium nitrides and 18 weight %Al.In a vacuum, in 1200 ℃ to described mixture thermal treatment 30 minutes, to obtain a kind of compound.Described compound is pulverized to obtain a kind of matrix material powder.Described matrix material powder has TiN, Ti in XRD
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak occur, be that the cBN of 1.5 μ m carries out coating processing with described matrix material powder to average particulate size, so that cBN occupies volume fraction as shown in table 6.Described coating processing adopts a kind of RF sputter PVD equipment to carry out.Observation to coated particle under the TEM shows that described cBN particle in fact evenly is coated with the TiN that mean thickness is 45nm.Adopt cBN particle that the ball milled do not use dispersion agent will be coated with TiN and aforesaid bonding mutually powder mixed.The mixing process of BM method is: is that the abrading-ball of 10mm is put into one jar together with described cBN powder and a kind of matrix material powder with diameter, in ethanol, with the rotating speed wet mixing of 235rpm 550 minutes.The described mixed powder of sintering under the high temperature of the ultra-high voltage of 4.9GPa and 1380 ℃.All sintered compacies have all demonstrated cBN, TiN, TiB in XRD
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3And WC exists.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1500 times metaloscope is taken, and with the bonding of the cBN particle of observing black and white mutually, measures the thickness of described bonding phase by any line of picture on photo.The thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 6.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure its life-span, promptly until the time of bursting apart till occurring, the result that obtains also is shown in Table 6.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415, HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNGM432 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:103m/min, d:0.145mm, f:0.088mm/ changes, condition: do cutting.
Table 6
| Numbering | The percent by volume of cBN content (%) | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 30 | 40 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 3 |
| 31 | 45 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 27 |
| 32 | 50 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 33 |
| 33 | 60 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 34 |
| 34 | 65 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 32 |
| 35 | 70 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 26 |
| 36 | 75 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 2 |
Obtain the result by embodiment 5 and 6 and confirm, the percentage ratio of cBN content is that 45-70 volume % is for best.Especially, it is more satisfactory to obtain the result when 50-65 volume %.
Embodiment 7
Each material powder mixed prepared the bonding phase.In a vacuum, under 1230 ℃, with every kind of mixture thermal treatment 32 minutes, to obtain compound.Described compound is pulverized to obtain a kind of matrix material powder.Adopting the auxiliary ball milled of dispersion agent is that the cBN powder of 4.1 μ m mixes to described matrix material powder and average particulate size, so that cBN occupies 62% volume fraction.The mixing process of BM method is: is that the abrading-ball of 10mm is put into one jar together with described cBN powder and a kind of matrix material powder with diameter, and in acetone, with the rotating speed wet mixing of 190rpm 700 minutes, employed dispersion agent was a polyvinyl alcohol.The described mixed powder of sintering under the high temperature of the ultra-high voltage of 5.1GPa and 1310 ℃.The sintered compact that is obtained has the peak of the compound that is shown in Table 7 to occur in XRD like this.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1000 times metaloscope is taken, so that the bonding of the cBN particle of observation black and white mutually, by draw the thickness that any vertical bar line is measured the bonding phase on described photo.The thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 7.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure its life-span, promptly until the time of bursting apart till occurring.Institute obtains and the results are shown in the table 7.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415 (JIS standard), HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNG120408 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:190m/min, d:0.15mm, f:0.11mm/ changes, condition: do cutting.
Table 7
| Numbering | Constitute the compound of sintered compact | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 37 | TiN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN，Al 2O 3， WC，W | 1.2 | 0.8 | 29 |
| 38 | TiN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN，Al 2O 3， WC，W，Co 2B | 1.3 | 0.8 | 26 |
| 39 | TiC，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN，Al 2O 3， WC，W | 1.1 | 0.7 | 28 |
| 40 | TiZrCN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC，W | 0.9 | 0.7 | 35 |
| 41 | TiN，TaC，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC | 1.0 | 0.8 | 30 |
| 42 | TiCN，HfC，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC，WCoB | 1.2 | 0.8 | 25 |
| 43 | TiN，CrN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC，NiB | 1.4 | 0.7 | 28 |
| 44 | TiCN，ZrC，ZrN，TiB 2，AlB 2， AlN，Al 2O 3，WFeCoB | 1.2 | 0.7 | 26 |
Embodiment 8
Powder to various materials is mixed, with preparation bonding phase.In a vacuum, in 1270 ℃ below the %, to every kind of mixture thermal treatment 28 minutes, to obtain compound.Described compound pulverized obtain a kind of matrix material powder.Adopting the auxiliary ball milled of dispersion agent is that the cBN powder of 1.8 μ m mixes to described matrix material powder and average particulate size, so that the shared volume fraction of cBN is 64%.The mixing process of BM method is: is that the abrading-ball of 10mm put into one jar with a kind of matrix material powder with diameter with described cBN powder, with the wet mixing 750 minutes in ethanol of the rotating speed of 245rpm.The dispersion agent that is added is the polyvinyl alcohol of 1.8 weight %.The described mixed powder of sintering under the high temperature of the ultra-high voltage of 4.8GPa and 1330 ℃.The sintered compact of Huo Deing has the peak of compound as shown in table 8 to occur in XRD like this.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1000 times metaloscope is taken, so that the bonding of the cBN particle of observation black and white mutually, by draw any straight line on described photo, measures the thickness of described bonding phase.The thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 8.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure its life-span, the time when promptly occurring until bursting apart.Institute obtains and the results are shown in the table 8.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415 (JIS standard), HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNGN120408 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:190m/min, d:0.15mm, f:0.11mm/ changes, condition: do cutting.
Table 8
| Numbering | Constitute the compound of sintered compact | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 45 | TiN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN，Al 2O 3， WC，W | 0.7 | 0.6 | 30 |
| 46 | TiN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN，Al 2O 3， WC，W，Co 2B | 0.9 | 0.6 | 29 |
| 47 | TiC，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN，Al 2O 3， WC，W | 0.8 | 0.7 | 24 |
| 48 | TiZrCN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC，W | 0.7 | 0.6 | 32 |
| 49 | TiN，TaC，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC | 0.8 | 0.5 | 32 |
| 50 | TiCN，HfC，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC，WCoB | 0.9 | 0.7 | 28 |
| 51 | TiN，CrN，TiB 2，AlB 2，AlN， Al 2O 3，WC，NiB | 0.9 | 0.6 | 24 |
| 52 | TiCN，ZrC，ZrN，TiB 2，AlB 2， AlN，Al 2O 3，WFeCoB | 0.8 | 0.5 | 26 |
The result of embodiment 7 shows that the bonding phase thickness mean value of each sample is not more than 1.5 μ m, and its standard deviation is no more than 0.9 μ m; And each sample all has about 30 minutes good cutter life.Similarly, the result of embodiment 8 shows that the mean value of the bonding phase thickness of each sample is not more than 1 μ m, and its standard deviation is no more than 0.7 μ m; And each sample all shows about 30 minutes excellent cutter life.This result confirms that described bonding comprises a kind of preferable of following substances mutually at least: (a) 4a in the periodictable, 5a, or the carbide of 6a group 4 transition metal, nitride, carbonitride or boride; (b) nitride of Al, boride or oxide compound; (c) carbide of at least a Fe, Co or Ni, nitride, carbonitride and boride; And (d) the mutual sosoloid of above-mentioned these materials.
Embodiment 9
Following material is mixed: 70 weight % titanium nitrides, 25 weight %Al, 3 weight %Co, and 2 weight %Ni, in a vacuum, 1250 ℃ of described mixtures of following thermal treatment 25 minutes are to obtain compound.Described compound is pulverized, to obtain a kind of matrix material powder.Described matrix material powder has TiN, Ti in XRD
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak occur.Adopt ultrasonic hybrid system, with described matrix material powder and a kind of average particulate size cBN powder mixes as shown in table 9, so that the shared volume fraction of cBN is 57%.Ultrasonic method mixing process is: described cBN powder and matrix material powder are joined in the ethanol, mix under the ultrasonic vibration effect of 23kHz, sintering institute blended powder under the high temperature of the ultra-high voltage of 4.9GPa and 1320 ℃.All sintered compacies have the bright cBN of having, TiN, TiB in XRD
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3And WC exists.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1500 times metaloscope is taken, so that the bonding of the cBN particle of observation black and white mutually, by draw any vertical bar line on described photo, measures the thickness of described bonding phase.The thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 9.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure its life-span, the time when promptly occurring until bursting apart.Institute obtains and the results are shown in the table 9.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415, HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNG432 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:170m/min, d:0.25mm, f:0.14mm/ changes, condition: do cutting.
Table 9
| Numbering | The average particulate size of cBN (μ m) | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 53 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 8 |
| 54 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 27 |
| 55 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 29 |
| 56 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 27 |
| 57 | 6.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 24 |
| 58 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 3 |
The result clearlys show that average particulate size is the cBN particle of 2.0-6.0 μ m can prolong cutter in high speed cutting life-span.
Embodiment 10
Following material is mixed: 78 weight % titanium nitrides, 16 weight %Al, 4 weight %Co, and 2 weight %Ni, in a vacuum, 1260 ℃ of described mixtures of following thermal treatment 20 minutes, to obtain compound, described compound is pulverized, to obtain a kind of matrix material powder.Described matrix material powder has TiN, Ti in XRD
2AlN, TiAl
3Deng the peak occur.Adopt ultrasonic hybrid system, with described matrix material powder and average particulate size cBN powder mixes as shown in table 10, so that the shared volume fraction of cBN is 57%.The mixing process of ultrasonic method is: described cBN powder and matrix material powder are added in the ethanol, mix under the ultrasonic vibration effect of 20.5kHz.Sintering institute blended powder under the high temperature of the ultra-high voltage of 5.0GPa and 1400 ℃.All sintered compacies all show in XRD cBN, TiN, TiB
2, AlB
2, AlN, Al
2O
3And WC exists.
Structure to described sintered compact under 1500 times metaloscope is taken, so that the bonding of the cBN particle of observation black and white mutually, by draw any straight line on taking the photograph photo, measures the thickness of described bonding phase.The thickness average value and the standard deviation that are obtained are shown in Table 10.
Described sintered compact is processed into cutting tool.Then, under the described below condition described cutter is carried out cutting test, to measure its life-span, the time when promptly occurring until bursting apart.Institute obtains and the results are shown in the table 10.
The cutting test condition:
Material to be cut: SCM415 (JIS standard), HRC58-62, size: diameter 100mm, long 300mm, shape: there are 6 V-grooves along its length,
The shape of tool: SNGN120408 honing chamfering (25 ℃, 0.15-0.2mm)
Knife rest: FN11R
Machining condition: V:100m/min, d:0.21mm, f:0.12mm/rev, condition: do cutting.Table 10
| Numbering | The average particulate size of cBN (μ m) | The bonding phase thickness | Cutter life (minute) | |
| Mean value (μ m) | Standard deviation (μ m) | |||
| 59 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 8 |
| 60 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 27 |
| 61 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 29 |
| 62 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 27 |
| 63 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 24 |
| 64 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 28 |
| 65 | 0.008 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 3 |
The result clearlys show, average particulate size is not less than 0.01 μ m but can prolongs life-span of cutter less than the cBN particle of 2.0 μ m when usual speed, the interrupted cut.
As mentioned above, the invention provides a kind of wear resisting property and the anti-all more excellent cBN sintered compact of performance that bursts apart.By reducing the variation in thickness of bonding phase in the sintered compact, just can obtain these more excellent performances.
Claims (4)
1. bonding cBN sintered compact mutually that comprises cBN particle and a kind of described cBN particle that bonds, described bonding is two-dimentional continuous distribution mutually;
Described bonding comprises a kind of of following material mutually at least:
The carbide of Ti, Zr, Cr, Hf, Ta or W, nitride, carbonitride, perhaps boride;
The nitride of A1, boride, perhaps oxide compound;
The carbide of at least a Fe, Co or Ni, nitride, carbonitride or boride; And
A kind of mutual sosoloid of above-mentioned these materials;
The thickness average value of described bonding phase is for being less than or equal to 1.5 μ m, and its standard deviation is less than or equal to 0.9 μ m;
The volume fraction of described cBN is 45-70%: and
The mean sizes of described cBN particle is 2-6 μ m.
2. cBN sintered compact as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the percent by volume of cBN content is 50-65%.
3. bonding cBN sintered compact mutually that comprises cBN particle and a kind of described cBN particle that bonds, described bonding is two-dimentional continuous distribution mutually,
Described bonding comprises a kind of of following material mutually at least:
The carbide of Ti, Zr, Cr, Hf, Ta or W, nitride, carbonitride, perhaps boride;
The nitride of A1, boride, perhaps oxide compound;
The carbide of at least a Fe, Co or Ni, nitride, carbonitride or boride; And
A kind of mutual sosoloid of above-mentioned these materials;
The thickness average value of described bonding phase is less than or equal to 1.0 μ m, and its standard deviation is less than or equal to 0.7 μ m;
The volume fraction of described cBN is 45-70%; And,
The mean sizes of described cBN particle is not less than 0.01 μ m but less than 2.0 μ m.
4. cBN sintered compact as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the percent by volume of cBN content is 50-65%.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP223680/98 | 1998-07-22 | ||
| JP223679/98 | 1998-07-22 | ||
| JP22367998A JP4787387B2 (en) | 1998-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | Cutting tool with excellent crater resistance and strength and method for producing the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1242350A CN1242350A (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| CN1300055C true CN1300055C (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991106350A Expired - Lifetime CN1300055C (en) | 1998-07-22 | 1999-07-22 | Cubic boron nitride sintered body |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4787387B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1300055C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA994665B (en) |
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| JP5100927B2 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2012-12-19 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Method for producing cubic boron nitride sintered body |
| CN100390314C (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2008-05-28 | 上海大学 | Superfine carbide alloy and mfg method thereof |
| CN100383272C (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2008-04-23 | 上海大学 | Superfine carbide alloy and mfg method thereof |
| JP4177845B2 (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2008-11-05 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | Cubic boron nitride sintered body |
| ATE393760T1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2008-05-15 | Diamond Innovations Inc | SINTERED BODY |
| EP1824798B1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2016-01-20 | Element Six Abrasives S.A. | Cubic boron nitride compact |
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| JP2006315898A (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-24 | Tungaloy Corp | Cubic boron nitride sintered compact |
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| WO2007049140A2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Element Six (Production) (Pty) Ltd | Cubic boron nitride compact |
| JP2010522776A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-07-08 | エレメント シックス （プロダクション）（プロプライエタリィ） リミテッド | Polycrystalline abrasive molding |
| JP5078061B2 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2012-11-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Cubic boron nitride sintered body |
| KR101487038B1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2015-01-28 | 엘리먼트 씩스 (프로덕션) (피티와이) 리미티드 | Cubic boron nitride compacts |
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| WO2012053507A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-26 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | Cubic boron nitride sintered body and cubic boron nitride sintered body tool |
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| US20140341664A1 (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2014-11-20 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Diamond coated tool |
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| CN114867700B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2023-06-27 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Cubic boron nitride sintered body |
| WO2021192509A1 (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Cubic boron nitride sintered body, method for producing same, and tool |
| US11427512B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2022-08-30 | Showa Denko K.K. | Cubic boron nitride sintered body and manufacturing method thereof, and tool |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA994665B (en) | 2000-01-27 |
| JP4787387B2 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| JP2000044350A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
| CN1242350A (en) | 2000-01-26 |
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