CN1298212C - Breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid - Google Patents
Breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN1298212C CN1298212C CN 200410065586 CN200410065586A CN1298212C CN 1298212 C CN1298212 C CN 1298212C CN 200410065586 CN200410065586 CN 200410065586 CN 200410065586 A CN200410065586 A CN 200410065586A CN 1298212 C CN1298212 C CN 1298212C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a seed production method of cabbage type hybrid rape. In the method, the female sterile restoring lines of cabbage type rape is transferred and bred by the female sterile lines of the cabbage type rape, and the female sterile lines of the cabbage type rape and a restoring line thereof are used for the seed production of the cabbage type hybrid rape. The method has the advantages that the labor and the cost are saved, the output and the purity of the seed production are improved, the heterosis is fully exerted, etc., and thus, the method is a simple, convenient and effective seed production method.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of carrying out cross breeding of cabbage-type rape, belong to cabbage type rape heterosis utilization field with cabbage type rape female sterile system (FS).
Two, background technology
Heterosis utilization is the important channel of improving crop yield.Rape heterosis utilizes approach a lot, mainly contains cytoplasmic male sterility, nuclear male sterility, chemical emasculation etc.
Rape heterosis is remarkable, generally can increase production 20%-30%, and good combination amount of increase in production can reach 50%, and cross-bred rape is applied develop rapidly, and only China's area of hybridizing oily Lay has accounted for more than 70% of the oily Lay gross area.Present rape hybrid combination mainly is to utilize Polima CMS and Shan 2ACMS male sterility three line hybrid.Nuclear male sterility is another important channel of oily Lay heterosis utilization, need pull out in the female parent 50% educated strain when utilizing single recessive gene.The rape chemical emasculation utilizes the hybrid vigour method simple, the assembly combined and instant, and the strong advantage combination of seed selection easily, but the chemical emasculation effect is subjected to weather effect big.
The subject matter that cross-bred rape development is at present faced is the seed purity problem, and this also is the key that influences the performance of cross-bred rape yield potential.According to the study, the every decline 1% of purity of hybrid, output will descend 0.3%.Therefore, the volume increase potential that give full play to cross-bred rape ensures that the cross-bred rape seed quality is very important.
The major influence factors of hybrid rape seed purity has: (1) trace-pollen.The rape male sterile line of cytoplasmic male sterility type is subjected to low temperature effect in the andro gamete generation period, and male sterile line self can produce trace-pollen, and self-pollination is solid, and made seed quality is seriously descended.(2) surrounding enviroment.The quality of production of hybrid seeds surrounding enviroment also is a principal element that influences seed production purity, the propagation of pollen mainly with insects such as wind and honeybee be medium, closely mainly based on wind.It is reported that wind energy blows to the high-altitude more than the 40m with pollen and is scattering into 500m ground in addition.When definite production of hybrid seeds isolation distance, it is generally acknowledged that 1000m can reach requirement.Production of hybrid seeds point must not be planted other crop in cruciferae.(3) parental purity.The parent is impure to be direct factor that influences seed purity.(4) various mechanical admixtures in the production of hybrid seeds and the seed process etc.
The main path that improves hybrid rape seed purity has: (1) adjusts sowing time.Selecting suitable sowing time, postpone the florescence, flower bud differentiation is under the comparatively stable temperature, is to reduce micro mist to the influence of the production of hybrid seeds, effective measures of raising hybridization seed production purity.(2) adopt suitable row ratio.It is reported, the micro mist that cytoplasmic sterility type male sterile line produces since self grow may imperfection etc. factor, its pollination fertilization competitiveness than paternal pollen a little less than, when the paternal pollen amount is sufficient, can weaken the influence of micro mist to a certain extent.Therefore, in the production of hybrid seeds, select suitable capable ratio, guarantee sufficient paternal pollen supply, can suppress the influence of maternal micro mist effectively.Unsuitable excessive at southern area cytoplasmic sterility type production of hybrid seeds row ratio, otherwise its male parent row far away is less relatively owing to accepting the paternal pollen amount, and the pollution probability of micro mist selfing and external source pollen all increases to some extent, causes hybrid purity to descend the most at last.Different kinds, its parent's characteristic difference, suitable row is more inconsistent than also.Consider row than the time should take into account aspect quality and the output two, row is than increase, hybrid seed yield can increase within the specific limits to some extent, but trend now falls in quality table.Therefore, the best row ratio of finding out this kind production of hybrid seeds before the large tracts of land production of hybrid seeds is very important.(3) pluck tongue.It mainly is by delaying the purpose that the florescence reaches the control micro mist that rape is beaten tongue.Beating tongue can significantly postpone the plant blossom time.Because flowering delay, the florescence temperature raises, and micro mist reduces, the corresponding reduction of its influence to seed purity.But beat tongue output is had certain influence.Adopt and play the coordination that the tongue measure also should be taken into account two parent's florescences, can significantly postpone the florescence because of beating tongue, therefore, should be more careful when in the female parent combination slower, using this measure than male parent.And when female parent was beaten tongue, male parent also should consider to beat the method that tongue is beaten in strain between tongue or employing, to prolong the male parent florescence.(4) production of hybrid seeds district and isolated area are selected in strictness.Preferably select to be embosomed in hills in production of hybrid seeds district, the isolation condition is good and the nonirrigated farmland in do not plant the place of rape earlier year, in case produce volunteer.In production of hybrid seeds district and isolated area scope, forbid to plant other rape except that production of hybrid seeds parent, Wild Rape should thoroughly be pulled out seedling stage.Forbid to put honeybee in production of hybrid seeds district and the isolated area, in case the string powder.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method that a kind of FS of utilization carries out the cabbage type rape hybrid production of hybrid seeds.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) be as male parent with the Brassica napus female sterile, cabbage type rape hybrid recovers system and makes female parent, by cross breeding method transformation cabbage type rape female sterile recovery system;
(2) recovering with the cabbage type rape female sterile is male parent, is maternal with the cabbage type rape, this mixed planting of father and mother, and roguing obtains the cabbage type rape hybrid seed.
Wherein, when used female parent was cabbage type rape cytoplasmic male sterile line in the step (2), this mixed planting of father and mother ratio was 1: 8～10; Female parent is the cabbage type rape genie male sterile line, and this mixed planting of father and mother ratio is 1: 10～12; When female parent carried out chemical emasculation, this mixed planting of father and mother ratio was 2: 5.
Cabbage type rape female sterile system (FS) source and feature are among the present invention: 135 strains from cabbage type rape (Brassica napus L) kind " No. 10, peaceful oil " in 1996 are to find 3 strain female-sterile mutants during the 1079th the colony is, name to be FS.Its biological characteristic research is shown: the long 0.795cm of being of the gynoecium of FS, No. 10 short 0.16cm of peaceful oil are shone in comparison, the peaceful oily No. 10 long 0.27cm of stamen ratio.FS-M1 ♀/♂ ratio is 0.62, and peaceful oil is 0.94 No. 10, significant difference.FS open-pollinated, artificial pollination selfing, selfing bagging are isolated, brother and sister hand over, shell flower bud selfing knot angle rate mutually and are about 3%, and average every seed number per pod 1.30-2.07 grain shows that female sterility is stable.Authorize normal kind with FS pollen, the cross-fertile rate is normal, and the spontaneous pollination of F1 plant is solid normal, and F1 plant selfing knot angle rate is 97%, 21 of average every seed number per pods, and female sterile pollen is to the no abnormal influence of F1 fertility.The FS column cap is carried out electron-microscope scanning, find that its stigmatic papilla cell is flat shrivelled, developmental deformity.Its genetic development be studies show that FS female sterile characteristic is controlled by two pairs of recessive genes.At present, Commercial Crop Inst., Jiangsu Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences is the unit of the stable rape female sterile material of domestic and international unique grasp economical character.
FS recovers system and adopts cross breeding method to obtain.Its female sterile of female-sterile mutant FS is controlled by two pairs of recessive genes, therefore selects for use the good cabbage type rape hybrid of having bred of comprehensive proterties to recover system and makes female parent, and female-sterile mutant FS is hybridized as male parent.F1 is for the bagging selfing, and ripe back gathers in the crops seed.F2 chooses plants with female sterility manual excision pistil stigma, the bagging selfing for high-density planting after blooming.F2 after the results carries out attributional analysis for seed, chooses the material of low erucic acid, low sulfatide and plants into F3 generation.From F3 generation, simultaneously female sterile is recovered system and carry out coordinate force, the test of recovery rate test cross, and emphasis is to the selection of its comprehensive agronomy proterties, as anti-stalk break, virus disease, lodging resistance or the like.
The breeding that FS recovers system is in the process of seed selection female sterile system, and bagging selfing behind the breeding of the small quantities of seed employing manual excision pistil stigma is to guarantee its purity.After selecting good female sterile recovery system, a large amount of seminal propagations can spray chemical agent by the florescence.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is: miscegenation mix to be received, the same hybrid seeding of field management and roguing.The maturing stage results can machinery or the artificial receipts of mixing.Saving of labor's abridged edition improves hybrid seed yield and purity, can give full play to hybrid vigour, is a kind of simple and effective producing method for seed.
Four, embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1: FS and FS are recovered system be used for the breeding approach that cabbage type rape cytoplasm three is and carry out the cabbage type rape hybrid production of hybrid seeds.
The same conventional process of breeding of maternal male sterile line, selects smooth, irritate and arrange seed farm easily, safe isolation (distance isolation is apart from being more than 1.5 kilometers, and its isolated area must not be planted other crop in cruciferae) is arranged.To utilize the female sterile recovery system of FS transformation to make male parent with maternal mixing during the production of hybrid seeds, this ratio of father and mother is 1: 8～10.Fully can machinery or by artificial seeding behind the mixing.Field management and roguing are with conventional three line for hybrid seed production process.The maturing stage results can machinery or the artificial receipts of mixing.Production of hybrid seeds hybrid yield has improved 26.5%, and purity has improved 6.7%, saves 6 worker/mus of the amount of labour used, and the economic benefit of raising reaches 460 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 2:FS and FS recover system and are used for the breeding approach that cell nucleus two is and carry out the cabbage type rape hybrid production of hybrid seeds.
The maternal same conventional process of breeding, selects smooth, irritate and arrange seed farm easily, safe isolation (distance isolation is apart from being more than 1.5 kilometers, and its isolated area must not be planted other crop in cruciferae) is arranged.To utilize the female sterile recovery system of FS transformation to make male parent with maternal mixing during the production of hybrid seeds, this ratio of father and mother is 1: 10～12.Fully can machinery or by artificial seeding behind the mixing.Pull out in field management, the female parent that can to educate strain and roguing be production of hybrid seeds process with conventional two.Maturing stage harvest machinery or artificial mixing are received.Production of hybrid seeds hybrid yield has improved 27.5%, and purity has improved 6.9%, saves 7.2 worker/mus of the amount of labour used, and the economic benefit of raising reaches 476 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 3: with FS and FS recovery is that the breeding approach that is used for chemical emasculation carries out the cabbage type rape hybrid production of hybrid seeds.
The maternal same conventional process of breeding, selects smooth, irritate and arrange seed farm easily, safe isolation (distance isolation is apart from being more than 1.5 kilometers, and its isolated area must not be planted other crop in cruciferae) is arranged.With the alternate plantation of FS and maternal branch, father and mother's one's own profession was than 2: 5 during the production of hybrid seeds.Field management, the chemical emasculation and the roguing of female parent are killed male production of hybrid seeds process with conventional chemical.Maturing stage harvest machinery or artificial mixing are received.Production of hybrid seeds hybrid yield has improved 26.1%, and purity has improved 6.6%, saves 5 worker/mus of the amount of labour used, and the economic benefit of raising reaches 485 yuan/mu.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the cabbage type rape female sterile be FS as male parent, cabbage type rape hybrid recovers system and does maternally, recovers system by cross breeding method transformation cabbage type rape female sterile;
(2) recovering with the cabbage type rape female sterile is male parent, makes female parent with cabbage type rape, this mixed planting of father and mother, roguing, maturing stage results cabbage type rape hybrid seed.
2, breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid according to claim 1 is characterized in that female parent used in step (2) is a cabbage type rape cytoplasmic male sterile line.
3, breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid according to claim 1 is characterized in that female parent used in step (2) is the cabbage type rape genie male sterile line.
4, breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid according to claim 1 is characterized in that female parent used in step (2) carries out chemical emasculation.
5, breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid according to claim 2 is characterized in that this mixed planting of father and mother ratio is 1: 8～10.
6, breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid according to claim 3 is characterized in that this mixed planting of father and mother ratio is 1: 10～12.
7, breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid according to claim 4 is characterized in that this mixed planting of father and mother ratio is 2: 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410065586 CN1298212C (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid |
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| CN 200410065586 CN1298212C (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid |
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| CN1608447A CN1608447A (en) | 2005-04-27 |
| CN1298212C true CN1298212C (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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| CN 200410065586 Expired - Fee Related CN1298212C (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Breeding process of cabbage type rape hybrid |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105766625A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-20 | 四川邡牌种业有限公司 | Brassica napus genic male sterility hybrid seed production method |
| CN106718840A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 咸阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of Guanzhong area cabbage type rape cytoplasmic sterility cross-breeding method |
| CN111149689A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-15 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | Breeding method of cabbage type hybrid rape with antibacterial nuclear disease |
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Granted publication date: 20070207 |