The cocoa tea extract is used to prepare the application that prevents and improve the medicine and the food of diabetes and clinical symptoms thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to extracted form natural plant and application, especially relate to the application of cocoa tea extract.
Background technology
Diabetes are a kind of diseases that cause unusually because of Tang Dai Xie, are principal character to lack the chronic hyperglycemia that insulin (insulin) causes, simultaneously with various Tang Dai Xie cause unusually clinical illness syndrome.The diabetes that studies have shown that in recent years not only result from inherited genetic factors, also are subjected to Effect of Environmental.Generally clinically diabetes are divided into insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (type i diabetes/insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus; IDDM) and insulin non-insulin dependent diabetes (type ii diabetes/non-insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus; NIDDM).Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) also claims type i diabetes, is commonly considered as being brought out by reasons such as viruses, and makes it necrosis or function stop by the autoimmune systemic effect in pancreatic beta cell, and the result causes the synthetic a kind of disease that reaches paracrisis of insulin.In fact, type i diabetes patient clinically only accounts for the minority of diabetes.The insulin non-insulin dependent diabetes also claims type ii diabetes, is a kind of insulopathic of inherited genetic factors or disease that effect lowly causes of comprising.Certainly, the morbid state of type ii diabetes also is subjected to living habit, obesity, surfeits and Effect of Environmental such as hypomotility.Clinically, type ii diabetes occupies majority in diabetics.According to Epidemiological study, diabetes are paid close attention to by people as one of apoplexy, cardiopathic risk factor.Complication such as nerve injury, retinopathy and the kidney damage influence that is caused by diabetes has simultaneously also become phenomenon very important in the social life.EPDML in recent years investigation proves that the diabetes number of patients is also increasing year by year.As the diabetes of diseases due to habit disturbance, become one of health problem that is concerned by people in the people's lives.
As everyone knows, the refreshment drink in the daily life, fruit drink, dessert and starch etc. contain a large amount of polysaccharose substances.Human behind these polysaccharose substances of picked-up, need after being broken down into glucose under digestive enzyme (digestive enzymes) effect, could absorb.After glucose was absorbed, blood glucose value promptly can sharply rise in the body, was called as food back one property crossed blood glucose phenomenon.The rising of blood glucose value will stimulate insulin secretion, thereby promote that glucose is with the blood sugar lowering value in the tip tissue aspiration blood.Increase phenomenon if often continue to occur feed back one property crossed blood glucose, hyperglycemia state after perhaps long term maintenance is taken food, will cause the pancreatic beta cell of excreting insulin dog-tired, thereby insulin secretion function is reduced, and bring out the unusual of anti-sugared function, cause the further deterioration of diabetes.Therefore, effective inhibition of eating back hyperglycemia phenomenon also is considered to a kind of important means that can alleviate the morbidity of type ii diabetes and prevent its deterioration.For diabetics, except that accepting clinical treatment, note to change dietary habit or take to increase promotions carbohydrate metabolism method such as quantity of motion that to come blood sugar lowering also be very effective and important measures.Certainly, suppress blood glucose and absorb the symptom that also can effectively alleviate or improve hyperglycemia.Usually, adopt the saccharide digestive enzyme inhibitor to suppress polysaccharide effectively and be decomposed into monosaccharide, and then suppress the absorption of glucose.In recent years, although acarbose (acarbose), voglibose glucosidase (glucosidase) inhibitor such as (voglibose) have been widely used in clinical, and demonstrate certain therapeutic effect with improving insulin resistance preparation compatibility application of treatment type ii diabetes, but still can not satisfy the needs of clinical treatment far away.As everyone knows, in order to effectively prevent the diseases due to habit disturbance that diabetes and diabetes cause, people not only will pay attention to development and the exploitation to physiopathologic parsing of diabetes or medicine, also should note changing lifestyles simultaneously, fundamentally improve body constitution.From improving body constitution and living habit is considered, people expect to occur a kind of can take for a long time and safe, can be used for improving or treating the health food or the medicine of diabetes.Certainly, consider, can be expected by people as the diabetes improvement of daily beverage application, the development of therapeutic agent from the prevention viewpoint.Simultaneously also be that present society is concerned by people and one of the problem being badly in need of solving.
The native place of tea is in SOUTHERN CHINA, its according to one of be the growing multiple mutation and the wild species of tea of SOUTHERN CHINA NATURAL DISTRIBUTION.Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) is a kind of YESHENG CHA, is the sibling species plant of traditional tea (Camellia sinensis) on Plant Taxonomy, is called novel species tea again after being it is found that.According to survey result in recent years, the main NATURAL DISTRIBUTION of wild cocoa tea is in the geographic narrow range in gantry, Guangdong Province, for a long time by local people by complete, distinct methods such as half fermentation, fermentation make green tea, oolong tea and black tea etc. Folium Camelliae sinensis are daily and drink.Cocoa tea is a kind of daily beverage of safe for drinking, is used as healthy tea-drinking usefulness by local people for a long time, does not find any side effect and unsafe phenomenon up to now.Different with methylxanthine (methyxanthine) the class substance metabolism approach in the traditional tea, do not contain caffeine (caffeine) in the cocoa tea, and contain Theobromine (theobromine) (for the main active of the raw material of chocolate-cacao bean cacao), therefore be called as cocoa tea (cocoa tea).Different with the chemical constitution of caffeine, Theobromine does not have methyl substituted on 1 of caffeine chemical constitution, thereby shows the physiological action different with caffeine, does not only show the distinctive central excitation effect of caffeine, demonstrates functions such as calmness on the contrary.Therefore, cocoa tea is known as the rest tea that can drink before sleeping again, and people such as be applicable to old age, anemia of pregnant woman, child, gastrointestinal function is low or heart is unhealthy drinks.
In recent years, people are concerned about the research of natural materials physiologically active very much, to biological function that teas has special concern especially.Tea and coffee, cocoa quilt also are called the world's three big hobby beverages, by the most people in the world are liked.The history that the mankind drank tea existing thousands of years.Folium Camelliae sinensis to all regulatory functions of health since ancient times early with known, for example the antioxidation of Folium Camelliae sinensis (antioxidant), antibacterial action, the regulating action of blood cholesterol etc. is made one notice especially.The extract of traditional tea and contained main active Polyphenols (polyphenols) material are to the existing reports such as absorption inhibitory action of sugar.Although cocoa tea is the sibling species plant of traditional tea, for the biological activity of cocoa tea and wherein main active to the inhalation effects of sugar and the discussion of the inhibition activity of glucosidase still not being had any application facet.
Summary of the invention
It is raw material that goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide with cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) extract and cocoa tea effective ingredient, safe, the steady quality of preparation, can be for taking for a long time, do not exist side effect, be used to alleviate, improve and prevent type i diabetes, type ii diabetes or because of diabetes various diseases due to habit disturbances that hyperglycemia, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and above-mentioned illness cause comprising of causing and clinical symptoms the purposes of medicine.Described medicine comprises the cocoa tea extract of dose therapeutically effective, and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
It is raw material that another goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide with cocoa tea extract and cocoa tea effective ingredient, can be used for of preparation prevent or improve that hyperglycemia, Tang Dai Xie are unusual, diabetes or the various clinical symptoms that cause because of diabetes, have no side effect, the purposes of avirulent health food, food or food additive.
Principle of the present invention is based on cocoa tea and in the test of mice glucose load the blood glucose value that raises is shown the obvious suppression effect, and has statistical significance.The present invention is an animal experimental model with 2g/kg glucose or 4g/kg sucrose lotus sugar mice, estimates the inhibition effect of cocoa tea extract to the hyperglycemia value.The result proves that the cocoa tea extract goes out significant statistically sugar to sucrose lotus sugar Xiao Shu Biao Now and absorbs inhibitory action.In addition, the present invention also confirms cocoa tea extract and contained main active 1,2,4 thereof, 6-GA-glc, GC-3, and (activity of α-glucosidase) has the obvious suppression effect to 5-diGA to glucosidase.
Cocoa tea extract of the present invention is to adopt one or two or more kinds any mixed solvent of lower alcohols such as hot water or water and methanol, ethanol, acetone isopolarity solvent to extract.
Because alkaloid in the cocoa tea (alkaloid) and pyrocatechol (catechins) all belong to micromolecular compound, generally get final product with water extraction, also the lower alcohols of available variable concentrations, acetone isopolarity solvent or any mixed solvent extract.When extracting, along with the interpolation of alcohol, the response rate of active component can increase to some extent in the cocoa tea.Although the water extraction effect extracts not as adding with alcohol, along with water temperature increases, and the prolongation of extraction time, also can reach with alcohol extraction and follow the example of suitable result.Therefore, for extraction of active ingredients in the cocoa tea, said extracted method and combination in any thereof all can obtain extract of the present invention.
In view of the cocoa tea extract is to develop as final products with medicament or beverage, select ethanol to be advisable so consider to extract solvent from safety perspective as far as possible.The ratio of cocoa tea and solvent does not have specific limited during extraction, but the ratio of general cocoa tea and solvent is advisable with 5: 1~50 scopes.The present invention does not have specific limited to extracting temperature, and is all applicable to the solvent boiling point scope from room temperature.Certainly room temperature, normal pressure and in the solvent boiling point scope, extract ideal.Extraction time, scope could from 10 seconds to 24 hours.When extracting the cocoa tea extract, also can in solvent, add sodium bicarbonate, SODIUM ASCORBATE materials such as (sodium ascorbate) as required.These extracting method can not influence the biological activity that cocoa tea had originally.
Cocoa tea extract solid agent use amount provided by the invention is generally at 0.1% to 40% (W/W), because beverage interpolation concentration is generally comparatively suitable in 0.1% to 40% (W/W) scope usually.In this concentration range, the cocoa tea extract is suitable for directly taking, and is accepted by consumer easily.Certainly, as the increase along with addition of the cocoa tea extract of additive, pained sensation may appear.Its solution can require according to the psychology of market demand and consumer to change dosage form, for example uses dosage forms such as tablet, granule, capsule.Low concentration cocoa tea extract solution can be used as daily beverage and offers consumer.
Cocoa tea provided by the invention and cocoa tea active component, can be used for various peroral dosage forms and put on market, prevention is provided, improve or alleviate diabetes, hyperglycemia, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and the various clinical symptoms that cause because of above-mentioned illness are pharmaceuticals, health food, food or the food additive of purpose.Certainly, the cocoa tea extract also can combine with pharmaceutical carriers such as excipient commonly used and make preparation.In case of necessity, can also add additives such as some antiseptic, antioxidant, pigment, sweeting agent and be used for various preparations.
Relatively Shi Yi cocoa tea excipient generally considers to have lactose, white sugar, D-mannitol, starch, crystalline cellulose etc.Lubricant generally should adopt magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, Pulvis Talci etc.Solvent uses Purified Water, ethanol, propylene glycol etc. usually.Antiseptic generally adopts methaform, benzylalcohol, dihydroxy acetic acid etc.Antioxidant is more suitable with sulphite, ascorbic acid etc. usually.
Cocoa tea extract provided by the invention, can its prototype, extract or powder add to be used in the goods oral.The cocoa tea extract also can combine with other beverage raw material and make certain beverage product, as cocoa tea beverage, soda pop, fruit drink, lactobacillus beverage, sports drink, soyabean milk etc.Cocoa tea extract food it is also conceivable that daily breads such as making cookies, chocolate-like, confection class, chewing gum class, snack class, fruit jelly snack categories, bread, bean curd, yoghourt.
Cocoa tea provided by the invention and cocoa tea active component can be purpose pharmaceuticals, health food, food or food additive as prevention, improvement or treatment diabetes, hyperglycemia, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and the various clinical symptoms that cause because of above-mentioned illness.Its application in daily life obtains proof by following test.Prevention and the effect that improves diabetes comprise reduction blood glucose value on an empty stomach, the inhibitory action that the back blood glucose value of taking food is sharply risen and the improvement effect of anti-sugared ability.Its blood glucose value improves effect can be confirmed by the blood-sugar level measuring after one night of fasting, also can be confirmed by mensuration and anti-sugar test to the back blood glucose value of taking food.Cocoa tea extract consumption provided by the invention can suitably be regulated according to the conditions such as health status, age, sex and body weight of user.Adult's average weight is as with 60 kilograms of calculating, and oral cocoa tea extract can be considered at 3 grams to 10 gram scopes in general one day, part vic.There are not problems such as side effect more than certain 10 grams yet.
Cocoa tea extract of the present invention contains following active component:
Catechin and gallate (gallogatechin-gallate) (GCG), 1,2,4,6-four galloyl glucoses (1,2,4,6-tetragalloyl-glucose) (1,2,4,6-GA-glc) and catechin-3,5-two epicatechol gallate (gallogatechin-3,5-digallate) (GC-3,5-diGA).
In every gram cocoa tea extract, above-mentioned active component GCG, 1,2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3, the content of 5-diGA is at least 40mg, 25mg and 100mg.
The inventor separates from the cocoa tea extract first and obtains three compositions, through chemical constitution such as mensuration such as nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR (NMR) method of spectroscopy of etc.ing, confirms as following three kinds of known compounds:
1) catechin and gallate (gallogatechin-gallate) (GCG)
2) 1,2,4,6-four galloyl glucoses (1,2,4, and 6-tetragalloyl-glucose) (1,2,4,6-GA-glc)
3) catechin-3,5-two epicatechol gallate (gallogatechin-3,5-digallate) (GC-35diGA)
Above-mentioned three kinds of compositions still do not have report in the traditional tea kind, may be content seldom or be difficult to detected.
(Glucosidase) suppresses active determination experiment by glucosidase, and the result shows: cocoa tea active component GCG, 1,2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA demonstrate very strong glucoside enzyme inhibition activity.Therefore, the present invention confirms GCG, 1,2,4, and 6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA are absorption, blood sugar lowering and the diabetes active component that suppresses sugar in the cocoa tea.
Experimental results show that, cocoa tea extract provided by the present invention and active component GCG, 1 thereof, 2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA, the activity by suppressing glucosidase to be reducing the decomposition of sugar, the various clinical ill symptoms that can be used to prevent, improve and treat type i diabetes, type ii diabetes, hyperglycemia, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and cause because of above-mentioned illness by the hyperglycemia that causes after suppressing to ingest.Certainly, cocoa tea extract and active component GCG, 1,2 thereof, 4,6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA also can also can cooperate with other Remedies for diabetes to be used for prevention or to improve diabetes worsening separately as improving the complication that hyperglycemia, diabetes and above-mentioned illness cause.
Because cocoa tea is the material of natural origin, the experience with long-term drink among the people, and do not contain caffeine, and do not drink so be not only applicable to general adult, also be applicable to the low person of old people, child and muscle power as the demulcent healthy tea of a kind of effect.Therefore, cocoa tea extract and active component 1,2,4 thereof, 6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA can be used as that health food, food additive, healthy tea are used to lose weight, the application of anti-high lipid disease etc. offers consumer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the HPLC of cocoa tea extract analyzes collection of illustrative plates.
Fig. 2 is the anti-sugared result of experiment analysis chart of mice, and the dosage of testing shown in this figure is the 2g/kg glucose; 1 is matched group among the figure, and 2 are administration cocoa tea extract 250mg/kg, and 3 are administration cocoa tea extract 125mg/kg.
Fig. 3 is the anti-sugared result of experiment analysis chart of mice, and the dosage of testing shown in this figure is a 4g/kg sucrose; 1 is matched group among the figure, and 2 are administration cocoa tea extract 250mg/kg, and 3 are administration cocoa tea extract 125mg/kg.
The specific embodiment
The present invention can be elaborated by following examples, but is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment one: the preparation of cocoa tea extract
Get cocoa tea dried leaves 100g, add 90 ℃ of hot water 2000ml lixiviate 4 minutes.Extracting solution in 1000rpm, centrifugalize in 5 minutes, reclaims the supernatant lyophilization with filtrate after gauze filters.The above-mentioned lyophilization extract of cocoa Folium Camelliae sinensis is used for the following example of the present invention.
Embodiment two: the HPLC of cocoa tea extract analyzes
After above-mentioned cocoa tea extract is mixed with 1% aqueous solution,, after washing is clean, separate with the acetonitrile eluting through Sep-PaktC18 Cartridge (5ml, Waters system) adsorption filtration.Subsequently, with 250mg gained separation component on Develosil C30-UG-5 (20mm * 250mm, wild village chemistry system) post, under 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) existence condition, pressing linear gradient elution mode (5ml/mim, 180 minutes, 220nm ultraviolet detection) eluting with the 5-30% acetonitrile separates.The separation component that recovery obtains, reuse YMC-Pak ODS (20 * 250mm, YMC system) post in the presence of 0.1%TFA, press linear gradient elution mode (6ml/mim, 60 minutes, 280nm ultraviolet detection) eluting with the 20-25% acetonitrile and is made with extra care.Therefrom separate and obtain three components different with traditional tea.
The HPLC analysis condition of cocoa tea extract.Chromatographic column: Shiseido capcell pak C18 (φ 4.6mm * 150mm), mobile phase: A=0.05%TFA/ water; B=90%CH
3CN/0.05%TFA/ water.B5 → B35% (13 minutes), B35% → B70% (7 minutes), B70% (5 minutes).Detect: the A280nm peak area quantification.PDA 220~500nm detects.
The result as shown in Figure 1, from the cocoa tea extract, separate and obtain three compositions, measure chemical constitution through nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR method of spectroscopy such as (NMR), content is seldom or be difficult to detected known compound in the traditional tea kind to confirm as following three kinds: catechin and gallate (gallogatechin-gallate) (GCG), 1,2,4,6-four galloyl glucoses (1,2,4,6-tetragalloyl-glucose) (1,2,4,6-GA-glc) and catechin-3,5-two epicatechol gallate (gallogatechin-3,5-digallate) (GC-35diGA).
The left side is a catechin and gallate for the structural formula right side of EGCG
(gallogatechin-gallate) structural formula (GCG)
Conventional tea mainly contains EGCG.
1,2,4,6-four galloyl glucoses (1,2,4, and 6-tetragalloyl-glucose) (1,2,4, structural formula 6-GA-glc)
Catechin-3, and 5-two epicatechol gallate (gallogatechin-3,5-digallate)
(GC-3, structural formula 5-diGA)
The content of each composition is as follows in the embodiment one resulting cocoa tea extract:
Theobromine (Theobromine) 278.75
EGC 43.25
(+)C 62.75
EC 14.50
EGCG 37.25
GCG 199.00
1,2,4,6-GA-glc 54.75
GC-3,5-diGA 32.50
Because use water extraction, use alcohol extraction, extract with other polar solvents, perhaps mixing method is extracted, in every gram cocoa tea extract, above-mentioned active component GCG, 1,2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3, the content of 5-diGA has difference more or less, but inventor's different experiments repeatedly shows active component GCG, 1,2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3, the content of 5-diGA is at least 40mg, 25mg and 100mg.
Embodiment three: the anti-sugar experiment of mice
Use animal be 7 age in week male ICR mouse, buy by Japanese CLEA company.23 ± 1~2 ℃ of raising temperatures, humidity 55 ± 5%, rate of ventilation 12~15 times/time, lighting hours 12 hours/day at 7 (turning on light at 7 in the morning, in afternoon turn off the light), 5/rearging cage (235 * 325 * 170Hmm), raising condition: solid feed CE-2 (CLEA company) freely drinks water.After raising, tests in 1 week.10 every group of mices after one night of fasting, are pressed 250mg/kg or 125mg/kg dosage, and oral administration is given and cocoa tea solution of extract (10ml/10g).Matched group is given and is waited the capacity distilled water.After 30 minutes again oral administration with 2g/kg glucose and 4g/kg aqueous sucrose solution.Subsequently, adopted blood one time from the tail vein, measure blood sugar concentration every 30 minutes.Experimental result is done statistical procedures with t-check (student t-test), and the result as shown in Figures 2 and 3.For the mice of giving glucose, the cocoa tea dust can show the absorption inhibitory action; But for the mice of giving sucrose, compare with the distilled water matched group, cocoa tea extract administration group demonstrates significant inhibition effect to the hyperglycemia value, and is dosage interdependence relation.
Embodiment four: glucosidase (Glucosidase) suppresses active mensuration.
(14units/mg protein/ml Sigma) is dissolved in the 0.1M phosphate buffered solution (pH7.0) that contains 0.2% bovine albumin serum (bovine serum albumin) and 0.02%NaN3 as enzyme liquid the glucosidase that will obtain from yeast (glucosidase).In addition with 5mM p-nitrophenyl-α-D-pyranglucoside (p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside) be dissolved in 0.1M phosphate buffered solution (pH7.0) as substrate solution (substrate solution).After the cocoa tea extract is diluted to variable concentrations with the 20%EtOH aqueous solution, draws 10 μ l respectively and add in the 50 μ l enzyme liquid earlier, measure at the 405nm place.Subsequently, add 50 μ l precursor solutions again, measure once more at the 405nm place after at room temperature acting on 5 minutes.With result and the 20%EtOH/H that records
2O at 405nm, the numeric ratio that recorded in 5 minutes, its rising difference is the inhibition activity of sample to glucosidase.
The result is as shown in Table 1:
Table one: the glucosidase of active component (glucosidase) suppresses active in the cocoa tea extract
Sequence number | Sample | Glucoside enzyme inhibition activity (IC
50ug/ml)
|
1 | GCG | 0.57 |
2 | 1,2,4,6-GA-glc | 0.81 |
3 | GC-3,5-diGA | 1.39 |
As can be seen from Table 1, cocoa tea active component GCG, 1,2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA demonstrate very strong glucoside enzyme inhibition activity.Therefore, the present invention confirms GCG, 1,2,4, and 6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA are absorption, blood sugar lowering and the diabetes active component that suppresses sugar in the cocoa tea.
Above-mentioned experimental results show that, the invention provides cocoa tea and active component 1 thereof, 2,4,6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA, the activity by suppressing glucosidase to be reducing the decomposition of sugar, the various clinical ill symptoms that can be used to prevent, improve and treat type i diabetes, type ii diabetes, hyperglycemia, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and cause because of above-mentioned illness by the hyperglycemia that causes after suppressing to ingest.Certainly, cocoa tea and active component 1,2 thereof, 4,6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA also can also can cooperate with other Remedies for diabetes to be used for prevention or to improve diabetes worsening separately as improving the complication that hyperglycemia, diabetes and above-mentioned illness cause.Because cocoa tea is the material of natural origin, the experience with long-term drink among the people, and do not contain caffeine, and do not drink so be not only applicable to general adult, also be applicable to the low person of old people, child and muscle power as the demulcent healthy tea of a kind of effect.Therefore, cocoa tea and active component 1,2,4 thereof, 6-GA-glc and GC-3,5-diGA can be used as that health food, food additive, healthy tea are used to lose weight, the application of anti-high lipid disease etc. offers consumer.