Dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device and processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device and processing method, belong to the technical field that environmental protection equipment is made.
Technical background
Along with industrialization, the quickening of urbanization process of countries in the world, solid waste sharply increases.Present global discharged waste total amount has reached 2,000,000,000 tons/year.Solid waste does not have control stacking, discharging, random landfill and topples over; not only take a large amount of soils; and contaminated soil, water body and atmosphere; destroy ecological environment; be detrimental to health; the particularly environmental hazard that constitutes of harmful waste and potential crisis of solid waste becomes one of the most outstanding environmental problem in countries in the world day by day.The noxious waste pollution problem of China is also quite outstanding, national industrial solid castoff year generation surpass 5.8 hundred million tons, the accumulative total volume of cargo in storage reaches 64.8 hundred million tons, domestic waste year generation reach 1.5 hundred million tons.Burning method is handled solid waste can effectively realize its minimizing, innoxious and resource, becomes particularly a kind of main method of developed country's processing solid waste of countries in the world day by day.Contain dust, sour gas (HCl, SO in the tail gas behind the solid waste incineration
x, NO
x, HF etc.), dioxin (PCDDs/PCDFs) and heavy metal (Hg, Pb etc.), need take measures to carry out vent gas treatment, make it reach strict environment protection emission requirement.
United States Patent (USP) (No.4251236) discloses a kind of dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration treatment process, this technology is the method that electric precipitation or sack cleaner and spray washing flue gas combine, quite a few dioxin and heavy metal can not remove down with dust when this kind technology existed a. dry method dust, but in the wet scrubbing process, remove down, increased the difficulty of wet scrubbing wastewater treatment; B. this technology does not relate to NO in the tail gas
xProcessing; C. owing to need a large amount of slurries circulated sprinklings, thereby shortcoming such as energy consumption height in the flue gas wet scrubbing process.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the present invention aims to provide a kind of dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device and processing method, solve in the present solid waste incineration flue gas treating process investment and operating cost height, the relatively low problem of pollutants removal rate, make every effort to be issued to the environment protection emission requirement of strictness at lower cost.
Technical scheme: the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize the purpose of inventing.It is made up of absorbent hopper, flue, devaporizer, bag type filtering reactor, bubble column fluidized reactor and smoke re-heater.
The characteristics of technical solution of the present invention are the fast cooling of the anterior dry type equipment enforcement flue gas that is provided with, adsorbents adsorb dioxin, heavy metal and smoke gas fine dedusting.Equipment comprises smoke re-heater, the adsorbent storage tank of afterbody, flue, devaporizer and the bag type filtering reactor of sufficient length.The rear portion is provided with wet cleaning equipment, further removes other pollutant in the flue gas, and flue gas is heated up.Equipment comprises bubble column fluidized reactor, circulating pump, settling tank, absorbent hopper, changes stock tank and smoke re-heater etc.
Operating process of the present invention is: the flue gas of being lowered the temperature through smoke re-heater mixes fully, guarantees that with the adsorbent that sprays into its incorporation time that has 2~3 seconds advances devaporizer again in flue, reduced to 110~130 ℃ rapidly in cooler.Atomizing spray liquid is from settling tank, by jet pump provide, flue gas enters bag reactor again and is removed flue dust, and further sloughs heavy metal and dioxin, the dust under devaporizer and bag reactor remove is collected in the grey storage tank.Flue gas through dry cleaning enters bubble column fluidized reactor, removes other pollutant in the flue gas, for example: SO
x, NO
x, sour gas such as HCl, HF, going out the reactor flue-gas temperature is 50~60 ℃, in smoke re-heater, be warming up to 80~90 ℃ after emptying.The reactor absorption liquid drains into settling tank continuously, and flowing to of part clear liquid stock tank replenishes absorbent (CaCO
3) after pump into reactor, the settling tank lime-ash regularly goes out clearly.
The flue gas that contains adsorbent enters devaporizer and is quickly cooled to 110 ℃~130 ℃, enter the bag type filtering reactor then and remove dust, heavy metal and dioxin, remove sour gas and residue dust through bubble column fluidized reactor again, after smoke re-heater intensification back discharging.
Dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device of the present invention, wherein: the air inlet of devaporizer joins with the gas outlet of smoke re-heater and the outlet of adsorbent storage tank respectively, the air inlet of the gas outlet on devaporizer top and bag type filtering reactor joins, the bottom of the bottom of devaporizer and bag type filtering reactor joins with grey storage tank respectively, the gas outlet on the top of bag type filtering reactor connects the air inlet of bubble column fluidized reactor, the gas outlet on bubble column fluidized reactor top connects the air inlet of smoke re-heater, the bottom and the settling tank of bubble column fluidized reactor join, settling tank has two outputs, the jet pump that one of them output passes through connects the atomizer in the devaporizer, and another output in the settling tank is by changing stock tank, circulating pump takes back bubble column fluidized reactor.
Join the slurries nozzle that termination bubble column fluidized reactor air inlet of circulating pump in the bottom of bubble column fluidized reactor and the inlet side of circulating pump.Bubble column fluidized reactor is made up of reactor shell, flue gas distributor, bubbling pipe, downspout, agitator, demister, water spray system, is provided with smoke inlet on the sidewall of reactor shell, is provided with the slurries nozzle in the porch of smoke inlet; In reactor shell, be provided with flue gas distributor, bubbling pipe, downspout, agitator, oxidator, wherein agitator is positioned at the centre of reactor shell, outside agitator, be provided with downspout, outside downspout, be provided with bubbling pipe, outside bubbling pipe, be provided with the flue gas distributor; Also be respectively equipped with slurry inlet, slurries outlet in the outside, bottom of reactor shell, the bottom in reactor shell is provided with oxidator, is provided with baffle plate on the top of bubbling pipe; On the top of reactor shell is tedge, and the top of tedge is demister, and the top of demister is water spray system, and the top of water spray system is exhanst gas outlet.
The processing method of dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device of the present invention is as follows:
A. the flue gas from incinerator heats flue gas after being purified earlier in smoke re-heater, and is tentatively lowered the temperature.In the flue of its outlet, spray into the adsorbent of self-absorbent storage tank, and guarantee that it has enough time of staying;
B. after flue gas is advanced into the quick cooling of clear water that devaporizer is arranged on the atomizer ejection on top again and removes the part flue dust simultaneously, enter the bag type filtering reactor, make flue gas finish dry purification process;
C. flue gas enters bubble column fluidized reactor after the dry cleaning, and the circulation fluid humidifying cooling of supplying with circulating pump in its porch is then finished flue gas wet cleaning process through flue gas distributor, bubbling pipe, tedge, demister in bubble column fluidized reactor.Agitator and oxidator in the bubble column fluidized reactor are finished oxidizing process.The absorption liquid that bubble column fluidized reactor is discharged enters settling tank, and clear liquid pumps into bubble column fluidized reactor by circulating pump behind the additional absorbent from hopper in changing stock tank, thereby finishes the absorption liquid cyclic process;
D. the purification flue gas of bubble column fluidized reactor discharge enters smoke re-heater, and the chimney emptying is sent into by air-introduced machine in the heating back.
Described devaporizer is provided with the water atomization nozzle, make flue gas fast cooling to 110 ℃~130 ℃, has avoided dioxin synthetic again 250 ℃~450 ℃ of temperature ranges.
Bubble column fluidized reactor, it can reduce to flue-gas temperature 50~60 ℃, efficiently removes harmful sour gas in the flue gas, also further removes flue dust in the flue gas.
The bag type filtering reactor, it can efficiently be removed dust, dioxin and heavy metal in the flue gas.
Smoke re-heater, it can be warming up to flue gas 80 ℃~90 ℃, is convenient to fume emission and diffusion.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1. the present invention sprays into adsorbent in the flue front portion, guarantees enough adsorption times, and dioxin and heavy metal in the flue gas are efficiently adsorbed.
2. the devaporizer among the present invention can make flue gas fast cooling to 110~130 ℃, has avoided the synthetic again of 250~450 ℃ of temperature range dioxin, and is very effective to the generation that suppresses dioxin.
3. the bag type filtering reactor among the present invention can also efficiently be removed dioxin and heavy metal in the flue gas except efficiently removing the grit in the flue gas.
4. the bubble column fluidized reactor among the present invention can make flue gas be quickly cooled to 50~60 ℃ owing to adopted absorption liquid to spray the way of cooling, improves absorption efficiency, has avoided the scale formation in the bubbling pipe; Adopted flue gas by the mode of spraying in the export-oriented pipe of pipe simultaneously, the dust-laden particle of trace can be removed before advancing bubbling pipe in advance in the flue gas, thereby makes system's continous-stable operation for a long time.
5. adopt smoke re-heater among the present invention, made flue gas intensification back emptying, can not produce the secondary pollution that causes because of " white smoke " when making the flue gas emptying.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention general structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of bubble column fluidized reactor 5 in apparatus of the present invention.
Have among the above figure: 1. devaporizer; 2. bag type filtering reactor; 3. grey storage tank; 4. circulating pump; 5. bubble column fluidized reactor; 6. settling tank; 7. jet pump; 8. change stock tank; 9. circulating pump; 10. hopper; 11. adsorbent storage tank; 12. smoke re-heater; 13. air-introduced machine; 14. chimney; 15. atomizer; 16. smoke inlet; 17. slurries nozzle; 18. flue gas distributor; 19. upper space; 20. bubbling pipe; 21. baffle plate; 22. tedge; 23. demister; 24. downspout; 25. water spray system; 26. exhanst gas outlet; 27. agitator; 28. oxidator; 29. slurry inlet; 30. slurries outlet; 51. reactor shell.
The specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present invention being done one describes in detail:
Dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device of the present invention, comprise devaporizer 1, bag type filtering reactor 2, bubble column fluidized reactor 5 and smoke re-heater 12, the air inlet of devaporizer 1 joins with the gas outlet of smoke re-heater 12 and the outlet of adsorbent storage tank 11 respectively, the gas outlet on devaporizer 1 top and the air inlet of bag type filtering reactor 2 join, the bottom of the bottom of devaporizer 1 and bag type filtering reactor 2 joins with grey storage tank 3 respectively, the gas outlet on the top of bag type filtering reactor 2 connects the air inlet of bubble column fluidized reactor 5, the gas outlet on bubble column fluidized reactor 5 tops connects the air inlet of smoke re-heater 12, the bottom of bubble column fluidized reactor 5 and settling tank 6 join, settling tank 6 has two outputs, the jet pump 7 that one of them output passes through connects the atomizer 15 in the devaporizer 1, and another output in the settling tank 6 is by changing stock tank 8, circulating pump 9 takes back bubble column fluidized reactor 5.Join the slurries nozzle 17 that termination bubble column fluidized reactor 5 air inlets of circulating pump 4 in the bottom of bubble column fluidized reactor 5 and the inlet side of circulating pump 4.
Bubble column fluidized reactor 5 is made up of reactor shell 51, flue gas distributor 18, bubbling pipe 20, downspout 24, agitator 27, demister 23, water spray system 25, on the sidewall of reactor shell 51, be provided with smoke inlet 16, be provided with slurries nozzle 17 in the porch of smoke inlet 16; In reactor shell 51, be provided with flue gas distributor 18, bubbling pipe 20, downspout 24, agitator 27, oxidator 28, wherein agitator 27 is positioned at the centre of reactor shell 51, outside agitator 27, be provided with downspout 24, outside downspout 24, be provided with bubbling pipe 20, outside bubbling pipe 20, be provided with flue gas distributor 18; Also be respectively equipped with slurry inlet 29, slurries outlet 30 in the outside, bottom of reactor shell 51, the bottom in reactor shell 51 is provided with oxidator 28, is provided with baffle plate 21 on the top of bubbling pipe 20; On the top of reactor shell 51 is tedge 22, and the top of tedge 22 is demister 23, and the top of demister 23 is water spray system 25, and the top of water spray system 25 is exhanst gas outlet 26.
The processing method of dry-wet mixed type solid waste incineration exhaust gas processing device of the present invention is:
A. the flue gas from incinerator heats flue gas after being purified earlier in smoke re-heater 12, and is tentatively lowered the temperature.In the flue of its outlet, spray into the adsorbent of self-absorbent storage tank 11, and guarantee that it has enough time of staying;
B. after flue gas is advanced into the quick cooling of clear water that devaporizer 1 is arranged on atomizer 15 ejection on top again and removes the part flue dust simultaneously, enter the bag type filtering reactor, make flue gas finish dry purification process;
C. flue gas enters bubble column fluidized reactor 5 after the dry cleaning, the circulation fluid humidifying cooling of supplying with circulating pump 4 in its porch is then finished flue gas wet cleaning process through flue gas distributor 18, bubbling pipe 20, tedge 22, demister 23 in bubble column fluidized reactor 5.Agitator 27 and oxidator 28 in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5 are finished oxidizing process.The absorption liquid that bubble column fluidized reactor 5 is discharged enters settling tank 6, and clear liquid pumps into bubble column fluidized reactor 5 by circulating pump 9 after replenishing from the absorbent of hopper 10 in changing stock tank 8, thereby finishes the absorption liquid cyclic process;
D. the purification flue gas of bubble column fluidized reactor 5 discharges enters smoke re-heater 12, and chimney 14 emptyings are sent into by air-introduced machine 13 in the heating back.
Example 1: 180 ℃ flue gas from incinerator enters smoke re-heater, and temperature is reduced to 150 ℃, in the smoke re-heater exhaust pass, sprays into acticarbon, and adsorbent comes self-absorbent storage tank 11.Active carbon fully mixes with flue gas, enters devaporizer 1 after 2~3 seconds.In devaporizer 1, configuration atomizer 15, the absorption slurries of coming from settling tank 6 enter devaporizer 1 by jet pump 7, and mix with flue gas atomizing back, makes flue gas fast cooling to 125 ℃ to enter bag type filtering reactor 2 again.Ash under devaporizer 1 and bag type filtering reactor 2 remove enters grey storage tank 3.The flue gas that is come out by bag type filtering reactor 2 enters bubble column fluidized reactor 5.Absorption liquid in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5 is ejected into the smoke inlet 16 of bubble column fluidized reactor by slurries nozzle 17 by circulating pump 4, the cigarette temperature further reduces, flue gas enters absorption liquid upper space 19 by flue gas distributor 18 then, flue gas is by spraying in the bubbling pipe 20 export-oriented bubbling pipes, in bubbling pipe 20, form bubble level, absorption liquid is inserted in bubbling pipe 20 lower ends, the upper end is provided with baffle plate 21, meet baffle plate 21 removal partially liqs after flue gas is come out by bubbling pipe and enter demister 23 through tedge 22, the absorption liquid under being removed by baffle plate 21 falls into bubble column fluidized reactor 5 bottoms through downspout 24.The demister top is provided with water spray system 25, to clean demister.At this moment, the flue-gas temperature of purification is reduced to 55 ℃ and is entered smoke re-heater 12, and flue-gas temperature is risen to 85 ℃, through air-introduced machine 13 by chimney 14 emptyings.Be provided with agitator 27 in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5, bubble column fluidized reactor 5 bottoms are provided with oxidator 28, and bubble column fluidized reactor 5 walls are provided with slurry inlet 29 and slurries outlet 30.The absorbent slurry of changing in the stock tank 8 is injected in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5 through circulating pump 9, bubble column fluidized reactor 5 bottom slurries outlets enter settling tank 6 with slurries, entering of clear liquid stock tank 8 in the settling tank 6, replenish from the pretreated agstone of hopper 10 processes, pump into bubble column fluidized reactor 5 recycling slurries by circulating pump 9.The residue of settling tank 6 is transported to the slag field after treatment.
Example 2: 160 ℃ flue gas from incinerator enters smoke re-heater, and temperature is reduced to 130 ℃, in the smoke re-heater exhaust pass, sprays into acticarbon, and adsorbent comes self-absorbent storage tank 11.Active carbon fully mixes with flue gas, enters devaporizer 1 after 2~3 seconds.In devaporizer 1, configuration atomizer 15, the absorption slurries of coming from settling tank 6 enter devaporizer 1 by jet pump 7, and mix with flue gas atomizing back, makes flue gas fast cooling to 110 ℃ to enter bag type filtering reactor 2 again.Ash under devaporizer 1 and bag type filtering reactor 2 remove enters grey storage tank 3.The flue gas that is come out by bag type filtering reactor 2 enters bubble column fluidized reactor 5.Absorption liquid in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5 is ejected into the smoke inlet 16 of bubble column fluidized reactor by slurries nozzle 17 by circulating pump 4, the cigarette temperature further reduces, flue gas enters absorption liquid upper space 19 by flue gas distributor 18 then, flue gas is by spraying in the bubbling pipe 20 export-oriented bubbling pipes, in bubbling pipe 20, form bubble level, absorption liquid is inserted in bubbling pipe 20 lower ends, the upper end is provided with baffle plate 21, meet baffle plate 21 removal partially liqs after flue gas is come out by bubbling pipe and enter demister 23 through tedge 22, the absorption liquid under being removed by baffle plate 21 falls into bubble column fluidized reactor 5 bottoms through downspout 24.The demister top is provided with water spray system 25, to clean demister.At this moment, the flue-gas temperature of purification is reduced to 52 ℃ and is entered smoke re-heater 12, and flue-gas temperature is risen to 82 ℃, through air-introduced machine 13 by chimney 14 emptyings.Be provided with agitator 27 in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5, bubble column fluidized reactor 5 bottoms are provided with oxidator 28, and bubble column fluidized reactor 5 walls are provided with slurry inlet 29 and slurries outlet 30.The absorbent slurry of changing in the stock tank 8 is injected in the bubble column fluidized reactor 5 through circulating pump 9, bubble column fluidized reactor 5 bottom slurries outlets enter settling tank 6 with slurries, entering of clear liquid stock tank 8 in the settling tank 6, replenish from the pretreated agstone of hopper 10 processes, pump into bubble column fluidized reactor 5 recycling slurries by circulating pump 9.The residue of settling tank 6 is transported to the slag field after treatment.