CN1291254A - Method and means for varying piston-in-cylinder motion - Google Patents
Method and means for varying piston-in-cylinder motion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1291254A CN1291254A CN99803114A CN99803114A CN1291254A CN 1291254 A CN1291254 A CN 1291254A CN 99803114 A CN99803114 A CN 99803114A CN 99803114 A CN99803114 A CN 99803114A CN 1291254 A CN1291254 A CN 1291254A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- cross wheel
- piston
- cam
- cross
- stroke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
- F01B1/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
- F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
Abstract
In a split-cycle machine having a primary axis and comprising: a plurality of radially reciprocal pistons (60) disposed radially of said primary axis; and a circular array of lobed shafts (62) constrained for orbital motion about said primary axis, each shaft being rotatable about a respective secondary axis parallel to the primary axis, the shafts being rotatably driven by drive means at a rate being a predetermined proportion of their orbital rate, and the planes of the lobes lying approximately in the radial plane of the pistons, and wherein during the rotation and orbit of the shafts and reciprocation of the pistons each piston is connected with at least one lobe for rotation and orbit of the shaft in unison with reciprocation of that piston; wherein a non-equiangular positioning of the axes of consecutive Geneva wheel sets (20,30,40) provide an increase and/or decrease in the time period of at least one stroke of a cycle of an operation of the machine. A couple of the non-equiangular arrangement with asymmetric lobes on the Geneva Wheels enables a wide range of cycle performance characteristics to be effected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of change piston motion, especially relate to during the work cycle of the cylinder inner carrier motion of one " to open cycle " crank machinery of definition in the back, change the stroke of cylinder inner carrier motion and/or the apparatus and method of timing.
The prior art background
The present invention can be applied to the cylinder inner carrier motion of a rotating machinery, wherein piston moves linearly in the cylinder of a rotating machinery, this rotating machinery has the General Construction form described in our U.S. Pat 5146880 and 5279209, but is not limited in the concrete manifestation form of the embodiment described in these specifications.
Particularly, a kind of machinery with a main shaft, it comprises:
One group of radially reciprocating piston along described main shaft radial arrangement; And
Each is along the camshaft that is circular layout, each camshaft is limited to carry out orbiting motion around described main shaft, each camshaft is around the corresponding countershaft rotation that is parallel to this main shaft, each camshaft is driven by drive unit, with a speed rotation that becomes predetermined ratio with its orbiting motion speed, and each plane of each cam roughly is in the radial plane of each piston, wherein during each camshaft is made rotation and orbiting motion and each piston reciprocates, each piston links to each other with at least one cam, so that rotatablely moving of camshaft is consistent with the to-and-fro motion of piston with orbiting motion.
Perhaps, as a kind of alternative be;
A kind of machinery with a main shaft, it comprises:
One group of radially reciprocating piston along described main shaft radial arrangement; And
Each is along the camshaft that is circular layout, each camshaft is limited to carry out orbiting motion around described main shaft, each camshaft becomes the speed of predetermined ratio to rotate around the corresponding countershaft that is parallel to this main shaft with one with its orbiting motion speed, and each plane of each cam roughly is in the radial plane of each piston, wherein during each camshaft is made rotation and orbiting motion and each piston reciprocates, in fact each piston all keeps in touch with at least one cam in the reciprocating whole process of its each circuit, and further, between reciprocating each continuous circulation of each piston, has a transitional period that does not have the tangible after burning phase, this time limit is by the contact of each corresponding cam and described piston and determine the period between separating, and described each piston is to arranging, described each to-and-fro motion that piston is utilized piston from one to another ground pumping fluid, thereby make each to-and-fro motion all keep coming down to nonsynchronous to piston.
Such machinery is referred to as " to open cycle " machinery hereinafter.
US Patent specification 5146880 and 5279209 content are in the lump in this article as a reference.In the present invention, output or the input to this rotating machinery all is to realize by this centre rotational axis of splitting circulation machinery.
Content disclosed by the invention
The present invention will discuss according to a kind of circulation engine of splitting, but should understand: the present invention also can be used for controlling a kind of operation of the free-piston engine described in WO 96/33343, or is used for the driven pump pressure output that the open cycle crank is interacted and produces of control piston and one.
Hereinafter, as using in a pair of open cycle machinery, each cam that is arranged on the camshaft is referred to as " cross wheel ", and as considering in the U.S. Pat 5146880, specifically as Fig. 5 wherein was illustrational, its shape and molded lines can change.
As shown in Figure 5 in the U.S. Pat 5146880, the molded lines that forms each cam of cross wheel on camshaft can design to such an extent that make it a kind of asymmetric to-and-fro motion is provided can for each piston, but does not change the upper dead center (TDC) of each piston motion and the timing between the lower dead centre (BDC).With respect to this, the present invention proposes a kind of cross wheel arranges, the timing of wherein going up between the lower dead centre can change by means of the angular displacement that changes between each cross wheel cam, thereby promote the change of the timing time of each engine strokes (no matter being import/exhaust stroke or compression/expansion stroke), so that make each part of the work cycle of a pair of open cycle machinery all can carry out best optimization.According to the present invention, the not cam of isogonism layout can be set, combine simultaneously with the variation of the radial dimension of the protruding honeybee of each cam and trench, this variation is that the axis of relative cross wheel carries out, this cross wheel has asymmetric molded lines as disclosed among the US 5146880, thereby the timing and the shape that can be each stroke of circuit of this motor provide a wideer range of choice.
Can find out that the present invention both can be used for four stroke engine and also can be used for two stroke engine.
In one embodiment of the invention, expansion stroke both can also can increase on length in time, thereby the efficient that makes motor has increased than the efficient of the conventional crank internal-combustion engine with constant stroke.
Importantly, identical the open cycle crank arranged and can be made by specification by means of each annex of the different cross wheel assemblies of appropriate designs that this can change the output characteristics that motor and each using scope are complementary.
Each brief description of drawings
Referring now to each appended accompanying drawing the present invention is exemplarily illustrated, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a gas port timing schematic representation of splitting cycle engine of a routine;
Fig. 2 is a plotted curve of splitting a piston motion in the cycle engine in a routine;
Fig. 3 is the plotted curve that is similar to Fig. 2 (shown in the dotted line), but wherein solid line is represented the four stroke cycle of a desirable the best;
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of the correlation of expression two cover cross wheels;
Fig. 5 is the plotted curve that is similar to Fig. 3, but expression one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 6 is the plotted curve of the pressure-volume of a conventional engine cycle;
Fig. 7 is the plotted curve of pressure-volume embodiment illustrated in fig. 5;
Fig. 8 is similar to plotted curve shown in Figure 3, but expression an alternative embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the schematic representation of the relation of output shaft/cross wheel of arranging shown in Fig. 1 and 2 of expression;
Figure 10 is the schematic representation that is similar to Fig. 9, but expression one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 11 is the schematic representation of one six fork cross turbine as shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 is a partial sectional view of splitting cycle engine that is combined with one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 13 is the sectional view according to described one air inlet of one embodiment of the invention/exhaust cross wheel;
Figure 14 is the sectional view to a compression/expansion cross that replenishes wheel shown in Figure 13;
One of Figure 15 (a) to (b) expression be mother's or exhaust/air inlet cross wheel, and its inceptive direction during can change;
The plotted curve of the movement effects of a piston between Figure 16 is an expression as cross wheel as described in Figure 15 (a) with (b) cross is taken turns;
Figure 17 is the embodiment's that arranges of a piston of an a pair of open cycle machinery of the present invention shaft side figure.
In one first embodiment that a known cross of splitting cycle engine is taken turns, the cross wheel that is provided with in the mode shown in Fig. 2 and 3 among the US 5279209 forms public wheel 10 and female wheel 11, and they are used for exhaust/air inlet and compression/expansion according to gas port timing relation shown in Figure 1.This has just produced the concrete shape and size that are used for each cross wheel family.
The objective of the invention is for improve a pair of open cycle motor to small part circuit efficient.
The motion of each piston of splitting cycle engine of one routine as shown in Figure 2, according to embodiments of the invention, each part of this engine cycles all can be optimized.Fig. 2 represents that has an air inlet of being used for, compression, and the circulation of four equal strokes of expansion and exhaust, these four strokes are all produced by identical each cross wheel.Need improve circulation shown in Figure 2 in order to optimize engine efficiency.For example, because the burning of fuel oil is not to finish moment, therefore preferably the piston motion of expansion stroke is lower in initial period.Consider the ideal performance of each stroke of four stroke cycle, this will cause obtaining the optimized results of optimal engine performance.
Fig. 3 shows an optimization circulation that comes from circulation shown in Figure 2 (it dots) change among Fig. 3.
Referring to optimization circulation shown in Figure 3, can notice: suitable is the firing chamber that can obtain to be full of as early as possible.Concerning compression stroke, it is desirable to make the rising delay of piston, thereby make the negative torque minimum.
Optimization circuit shown in Figure 3 increases output and is subjected to following each factor affecting: promptly, at first burnt and the influence of the increase of time of expansion stroke, next is made curve during the burning flatten sliding and is made the sliding influence that flattens of the top of exhaust stroke to a certain extent.Unfortunately, expand and exhaust stroke becomes when reducing when level and smooth expansion shown in Figure 3 and exhaust curve make, these two aspects oppose.
Various embodiments of the present invention utilize the not isogonism of above-mentioned each cam of the present invention to arrange or the location, can carry out work under these restrictions simultaneously, preferably take turns cam with each asymmetric cross and combine, thereby improve the output characteristics of a pair of open cycle motor.
In addition, be designed to concrete shape, can further improve cycle efficiency by means of the bottom that makes each piston.Different concrete shapes can be used for exhaust/aspirating stroke on the one hand, also can be used for the compression/expansion stroke on the other hand.
Concerning two-stroke and four-stroke, the shape of each cam can be selected in the scope of non-constant width.Utilize this invention, can choose unique " circulation " by means of shape that changes each cam and corresponding angular orientation.
Before, being separated from each other into as shown in Figure 4 constant is that each half public cross wheel 10 and half female cross wheel 11 of 60 ° half-angle obtained using.
A specific embodiment is used the changeable trident cross wheel of two component digressions (concerning one six fork cross turbine).
The initial conventional angle of departure equals 60 °.This angle can change over 50 ° according to the present invention, 40 ° or littler.In fact, this circulation can change, so that improve the performance of motor.Fig. 2 shows the symmetrical cycle of a routine.
Utilize the present invention can form a circulation shown in Figure 5 now.Shown in Figure 5 have long expansion stroke and this circulation of the time of expanding can make a regular circulation efficient improve.The variation 12 of the length of stroke between air inlet/compression and expansion/exhaust cycle can be easily has different molded lines and obtains by means of making each female cross wheel (air inlet/exhaust) and public cross take turns (compression/expansion).The variation of stroke time also can utilize the present invention and obtain.
The internal-combustion engine of one routine has the circulation of a known forms shown in Figure 6, and this moment, clearance volume was " v ", and volume of cylinder is " V ".Aspirating stroke 13, compression stroke 14, expansion stroke 15 and exhaust stroke 16 constitute this circulation.Then the compression ratio ∑ is defined as: ∑=(v+V)/v.
For the fuel oil of routine, ∑ equals 11, so just draws a theoretic thermodynamic efficiency " ρ ", and ρ is defined as: ρ=1-∑
-0.4=62%
New circulation shown in Figure 5 is by the P-V graphical representation of Fig. 7.
Use 60 ° the angle of departure in the example of Fig. 5, this moment, theoretical efficiency equaled 62%.
The angle of departure is 50 °, then ρ=70%; The angle of departure is 40 °, then ρ=77%; The angle of departure is 30 °, then ρ=83%.Such ideal efficiency or all is can not be getable concerning splitting the cycle engine of conventional design concerning the motor of crank-connecting rod system.
Now, owing to can select desirable circulation, then electronic spark advance can descend as the overlapping decline between air inlet and the exhaust unlatching.
Fig. 8 represents the example of this layout, wherein: 1. be electronic spark advance; 2. be intake advance; 3. be that exhaust lags.The various cycle engines of splitting might be provided; For example a kind of four forks that have, six forks, the motor of crosses such as eight forks wheel.
Now the details of the correlation technique that time of utilizing the length that changes expansion stroke and this stroke is optimized this circulation is described.
Exist two kinds of methods to increase length of stroke and stroke time.
The first, by means of changing cross wheel shape, at this moment, the increase of length of stroke and time is limited.
The second, other overlap the initial angle position of cross wheel relatively around its axis by means of changing a cover cross wheel, do to produce bigger increase like this.Can utilize the cam of concrete shape to come a particular cycle is optimized, this moment, the initial angle position changed.A kind of known embodiment of output shaft is shown among Fig. 9.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the angle between taking turns 1. and take turns 3. concerning one six fork cross turbine remains on 120 °.Increase length of stroke simultaneously if wish to increase efficient, so suitable is reduce wheel 1. and wheel 2. between angle, as shown in figure 10 so that wheel 2. and the angle beta of wheel between 3. by alpha+beta=120 ° control, and α ≠ β; α ∠ β.Finally, the geometrical shapies of one or six fork cross turbines seem as shown in figure 11, wherein: 1.+3.+5. be exhaust/air inlet wheel, and 2.+4.+6. be the compression/expansion wheel.
If angle is lower than 50-55 °,, may be difficult to use public cross wheel and female cross wheel according to obtainable gap.In this case, can adopt two trident cross wheels 20 that are arranged side by side as shown in figure 12 for layout shown in Figure 11.In Figure 12, a piston 60 is by 20 controls of cross wheel, and these cross wheels keep certain timing relation because of the orientation that contacts with epicyclic chain 61.Cross wheel shaft 62 is installed in the bearing supporting 63 that is connected on the output shaft 64.
A kind of typical molded lines of the described air inlet of one embodiment of the invention/exhaust cross wheel 30 as shown in figure 13, and Figure 14 shows the compression/expansion cross wheel 40 of a complementation.
The initial orientation of the cross wheel 50 of a female wheel form of exhaust/air inlet has been shown in Figure 15 (a), and this moment, the summit of one cam 51 was in a veritcal limit position.The variation of the initial orientation of the cam 51 among Figure 15 (b) is to make around wheel 50 axis in the clockwise direction that initial orientation departs from a λ angle shown in relative Figure 15 of this cam (a).The result that initial orientation angle between Figure 15 (a) and Figure 15 (b) changes makes the circulate equivalent angle of rotation of a relative conventional crank of exhaust and air inlet produce and depart from.The direct size of this size that departs from corresponding to λ.
This angle of slip λ can make the radius R of wheel 50 change into R ', thus the loss of length of compensation acting or expansion stroke, at this moment as shown in figure 16, for the embodiment shown in Figure 15 (a) is provided with length difference between expansion/exhaust stroke and air inlet/compression stroke.
Piston structure 70 shown in Figure 17 comprises piston 71, and this piston 71 is connected on the lifter 73 by piston rod 72.The shape of the contact surface 74 on this lifter 73 is convenient to contact with female cross wheel (not shown) with the position, and the shape on surface 75 is convenient to contact with public cross wheel (not shown) with the position.
Those skilled in the art should be noted that: under the situation that does not break away from scope that the present invention broadly describes or spirit, can carry out many distortion or improvement to concrete described the present invention of each embodiment.Therefore, in any case various embodiments of the present invention all can only think for the present invention is described, and can not think to be used for limiting the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. previously defined splitting in the circulation machinery, wherein control the longitudinal axis of each piston of the cam of a cross wheel construction, with respect to split at this each of mechanical run duration of circulation control cam follow-up with the piston front, the not displacement of isogonism is arranged.
2. split in the circulation machinery as claimed in claim 1, wherein relative each corresponding longitudinal axis of shape of each cam on each cross wheel is symmetrical.
3. split in the circulation machinery as claimed in claim 1, wherein relative each corresponding longitudinal axis of shape of each cam on each cross wheel is asymmetric.
4. split in the circulation machinery as claimed in claim 1, the shape of some of them cross wheel cam their corresponding longitudinal axis relatively is symmetrical, and the shape of remaining cross wheel cam is asymmetric with respect to their corresponding longitudinal axis.
An arbitrary as described above claim described and be suitable as an internal combustion engine operation split circulation machinery.
One kind as described in one of claim 1-4 and be suitable as be connected on the free-piston engine and with a straight line movement conversion be the transducer that rotatablely moves split circulation machinery.
7. the described circulation machinery of splitting of an arbitrary as described above claim, wherein each cross wheel forms public cross wheel of a cover and the female cross wheel of a cover, this overlaps the expansion and the compression cycle of public at least one piston of cross wheel control, and air inlet and the exhaust cycle that should overlap female at least one piston of cross wheel control.
8. one kind has claim 5 or the 6 described motors of splitting circulation machinery, and wherein the expansion of this motor and exhaust stroke are longer than air inlet and compression stroke.
9. as motor as described in the claim 8, wherein the time period of expansion stroke is longer than the time period of exhaust stroke.
10. as motor as described in the claim 9, wherein expand or the length of exhaust stroke greater than the length of air inlet or compression stroke.
11. a kind of previously defined method of splitting cylinder inner carrier motion in the circulation machinery of control, it comprises: the angle that changes each cam on the cross wheel construction is arranged, being suitable for controlling the motion of this piston, thus the piston of each successive control cam between angular separation be unequal.
12. as method as described in the claim 11, also comprise the molded lines that changes each cross wheel cam, the longitudinal axis that makes it each respective cams relatively is asymmetric.
13. be used for a previously defined cross wheel assembly of splitting circulation machinery, described assembly comprises and is installed in this public cross wheel and female cross wheel mechanically, so that each longitudinal axis of the cam of follow-up cam and front is isogonism apart arrangement not as between this public affairs cross wheel and female cross are taken turns.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPP6924 | 1998-11-04 | ||
| AUPP6924A AUPP692498A0 (en) | 1998-11-04 | 1998-11-04 | Method and means for varying piston-in-cylinder motion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1291254A true CN1291254A (en) | 2001-04-11 |
Family
ID=3811138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99803114A Pending CN1291254A (en) | 1998-11-04 | 1999-11-02 | Method and means for varying piston-in-cylinder motion |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1044317A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002529634A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010033874A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1291254A (en) |
| AU (1) | AUPP692498A0 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9907138A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW432161B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000026505A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107013630A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-08-04 | 上乘精密科技（苏州）有限公司 | One kind is applied to circumference and puts reciprocating gear reduction component |
| US11377384B2 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2022-07-05 | University Of Bath | Method of making an imaging fibre apparatus and optical fibre apparatus with different core |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA85241U (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-11-11 | Частное Предприятие "Айвижуалс" | Projection type shelfstopper |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0223788A4 (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1987-08-05 | Tennyson Holdings Ltd | Hydraulic motor. |
| AU621650B2 (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1992-03-19 | Split Cycle Technology Limited | Radial cylinder machine |
| DE68910525T2 (en) | 1988-06-28 | 1994-03-31 | Split Cycle Tech | MACHINE WITH RADIAL CYLINDERS. |
| HUT62370A (en) | 1990-05-22 | 1993-04-28 | Split Cycle Tech | Rotary machine |
| GB2278883A (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1994-12-14 | Stephen William Owen | Cam drive reciprocating piston engine. |
| BR9608057A (en) | 1995-04-20 | 1999-11-30 | Split Cycle Tech | Method for converting the linear piston movement into a rotary outgoing movement in a free piston engine and free piston engine. |
-
1998
- 1998-11-04 AU AUPP6924A patent/AUPP692498A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1999
- 1999-11-02 WO PCT/AU1999/000951 patent/WO2000026505A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-02 EP EP99957690A patent/EP1044317A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-02 BR BR9907138-0A patent/BR9907138A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-02 KR KR1020007007443A patent/KR20010033874A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-02 JP JP2000579865A patent/JP2002529634A/en active Pending
- 1999-11-02 CN CN99803114A patent/CN1291254A/en active Pending
- 1999-11-04 TW TW088119205A patent/TW432161B/en active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11377384B2 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2022-07-05 | University Of Bath | Method of making an imaging fibre apparatus and optical fibre apparatus with different core |
| US11577986B2 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2023-02-14 | University Of Bath | Method of making an imaging fibre apparatus and optial fibre apparatus with different core |
| CN107013630A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-08-04 | 上乘精密科技（苏州）有限公司 | One kind is applied to circumference and puts reciprocating gear reduction component |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1044317A1 (en) | 2000-10-18 |
| TW432161B (en) | 2001-05-01 |
| WO2000026505A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
| KR20010033874A (en) | 2001-04-25 |
| AUPP692498A0 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
| BR9907138A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
| JP2002529634A (en) | 2002-09-10 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |