CN2035795U - Ratchet type internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Ratchet type internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN2035795U CN2035795U CN 88205754 CN88205754U CN2035795U CN 2035795 U CN2035795 U CN 2035795U CN 88205754 CN88205754 CN 88205754 CN 88205754 U CN88205754 U CN 88205754U CN 2035795 U CN2035795 U CN 2035795U
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- push rod
- piston
- combustion engine
- ratchet
- cylinder
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to a reciprocating internal combustion engine. A push rod connected to a piston can drive a main shaft to rotate via a ratchet, and the utility model comprises a mechanism which can assure the synchronous operation of an air inlet and exhaust valve, an ignition device and pistons and a mechanism which can determine the position relation among each pistons. Compared with the existing extensive used crankshaft internal combustion engines, the utility model has the advantages of high efficiency, long service life and low gravity, which is suitable for various apparatus which is supplied with power by internal combustion engines.
Description
The utility model belongs to a kind of reciprocating internal combustion engine.
Now the reciprocating internal combustion engine (to call the curved shaft type internal-combustion engine in the following text) that extensively adopts has cylinder, piston, suction valve, outlet valve, ignition mechanism, crankshaft-link rod device and fuel supplying device, it is to rely on connecting rod and bent axle that the linear reciprocating motion of piston is changed into rotatablely moving of bent axle, bent axle is being undertaken the dual role of coordinating machine run and output mechanical energy, because wherein the moving direction of piston is not the tangent direction of crankshaft rotating circumference, so its efficient is lower.The utility model is by improving the kind of drive in the reciprocating internal combustion engine, reaching the purpose of raising the efficiency.
The utility model is to increase ratchet and main shaft on the basis of curved shaft type internal-combustion engine, and connecting rod changed into the band tooth bar and the push rod of slotted hole is arranged in the lower end, the excircle of ratchet is a gear, piston links to each other with push rod, tooth bar on the push rod and the ratchet engaged that is contained on the main shaft, the moving direction that makes piston is the tangent direction of main axis rotation circumference all the time, from the main shaft output mechanical energy; The slotted hole of push rod lower end is connected with bent axle, still coordinates machine run with bent axle.Implementing two cylinder and two cylinder when above, the piston of each cylinder links to each other with a push rod respectively, tooth bar on each push rod respectively with a ratchet engaged, each ratchet is contained on the same main shaft by identical action direction, the slotted hole of each push rod lower end is connected with same bent axle respectively.When implementing two cylinder or 4n cylinder (n is a positive integer), the mechanism that determines position relation between each piston can be reached and this tooth bar meshed gears by the tooth bar that bent axle changes the push rod side into, simultaneously two crank bent axles or 4n crank bent axle are changed into one-throw crankshaft, weight/power ratio can be reduced like this, and the power loss of gas exchange process can be reduced.The utility model also can adopt telescopic push rod, and the pore that begins to rehearse in the lower end, firing chamber, to prolong actual power stroke, further raises the efficiency.
The basic structure and the working procedure of the utility model two cylinder four stroke engine are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 is basic structure and transmission process schematic representation, Fig. 1 upper left corner be ratchet, roller with main shaft between the details that is connected; Fig. 1 is the right elevation of Fig. 2.Fig. 3 Fig. 4 adopts scalable push rod and after the lower end, firing chamber begins to rehearse pore, the operating mode schematic representation when " air-breathing " or " work done " arrives lower dead center, Fig. 3 be " air-breathing " to lower dead center, Fig. 4 is that " work done " is to lower dead center.Among the figure the 1, the 11st, friction ratchet gear; The 2nd, friction roll; The 3rd, main shaft; 4, the 9th, piston; 5, the 10th, push rod; The 6th, gear; The 7th, anti-throw-out lever is the supporting mechanism of skew outwards; The 8th, bent axle; The 12nd, shell; 13, the 18th, suction valve; 14, the 17th, ignition mechanism; 15, the 16th, outlet valve; The 19th, exhaust port; The 20th, slip joint; The 21st, spring.
The cylindrical of ratchet is a gear, and each push rod respectively is a tooth bar with the surface of contact that ratchet reaches with gear, respectively with ratchet or gear engagement.
In the running, any one cylinder work done all can make piston turn clockwise by corresponding push rod, ratchet and roller drive main spindle downwards; Simultaneously, because the effect of ratchet when any one piston and corresponding push rod move upward (corresponding cylinder exhaust or compression), can not hinder main shaft and clockwise rotate.
Piston 4 is determined by the rack and pinion of push rod side with piston 9 position relations each other in service.When piston 4 moves downward, when corresponding cylinder " work done " or " air-breathing ", piston 9 must also can move downward, make corresponding cylinder " air-breathing " or " work done ", when piston 4 moves upward, when corresponding cylinder " exhaust " or " compression ", piston 9 also will inevitably move upward, and makes corresponding cylinder " compression " or " exhaust ".
Because the transport characteristics of ratchet, being in operation occurs the phenomenon of spindle angular speed greater than ratchet angular velocity sometimes, even under all motionless situation of piston, push rod and ratchet, main shaft still can turn clockwise, this phenomenon and be called " surmounting transmission ".Like this, if with the main shaft drives camshaft, when occurring surmounting transmission, will upset between inlet and outlet valve and ignition mechanism and the piston synchronously, machine can not be turned round; In addition when machine start, if with the starter motor drive main spindle, can be because push rod, piston etc. can be not driven and make the machine fail to start.In order to address these problems, in structure, be provided with one with push rod 5 joining bent axles 8, because of tooth bar, the gear of engagement are arranged between each push rod, so can be during any cylinder work done through push rod 5 driving bent axles.By the crank-driven camshaft, can guarantee inlet and outlet valve and ignition mechanism and piston synchronous operation; During starting, drive bent axle with starter motor and can make push rod and piston etc. driven reliably, and then make machine start.Bent axle can also be determined the stroke of piston simultaneously.
The rotating speed of the rotating speed of main shaft and bent axle can be designed to identical or different as required in the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine, the length of the corner of bent axle and turning radius and piston stroke was irrelevant when wherein piston was walked to expire a stroke, as long as the distance of a stroke of piston motion, the corner of bent axle must be 180 °, the corner of main shaft when piston is walked to expire a stroke is but relevant with piston stroke and ratchet radius, and the relation between them is:
W＝180S／πr （1——1）
Wherein: W be a stroke of the every motion of piston apart from the time main shaft corner, S is a piston stroke, r is the ratchet radius.The relation of the rotating ratio between bent axle and the main shaft is:
n
z／n
q＝S／πr （1——2）
Wherein: n
zBe spindle speed, n
qIt is speed of crankshaft.
(1---1) formula (1---2) formula only is applicable to when running well, and is inapplicable when " surmounting transmission ".
If n in the two cylinder four-stroke ratchet-type internal-combustion engines
z/ n
q=1/2, then its running such as following table:
| Angle of eccentricity | 0°－90° | 90°－180° | 180°－270° | 270°－360° |
| Crank angle | 0°－180° | 180°－360° | 360°－540° | 540°－720° |
| First cylinder | Air-breathing | Compression | Work done | Exhaust |
| Second cylinder | Work done | Exhaust | Air-breathing | Compression |
Main shaft in service whenever rotate a circle each cylinder promptly follow the table circulation primary.
For further raising the efficiency, the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine adopts telescopic push rod, and the pore that begins to rehearse in the lower end, firing chamber.Shown in Figure 4 as Fig. 3, when the suction stroke push rod reached lower dead center, owing to do not have pressure or pressure very low on the piston, the spring in the push rod slightly upwards pushed away piston, and the sidewall of piston has been sealed exhaust port; In power stroke, owing on the piston higher pressure is arranged, spring in the push rod is compressed, when piston tip is lower than exhaust port top (crank angle of this moment also is the exhaust advance angle of ratchet-type internal-combustion engine), from exhaust port the pressure in the cylinder is discharged earlier, remaining waste gas is still discharged via outlet valve.
Each one of all the other of ratchet-type internal-combustion engine is roughly identical with existing curved shaft type internal-combustion engine, no longer describes in detail in this specification.
Ratchet type internal combustion engine is compared with bent axle formula internal combustion engine, and main advantage is the efficient height.
1, the comparison of power transmission process: in bent axle formula internal combustion engine, because the motion direction of piston is not the tangential direction of bent axle rotation round, the tangential force f that the power F that obtains at power stroke, piston and driving crank rotateQ' between relation be:
f
Q′＝Cos
2θ（Sinα＋Cosαtgθ）F（1——3）
Wherein: α is a crank angle, and θ is the angle of piston axis and connecting rod, and the relation of it and crank angle is: θ=arcSin(Sin α R/L) R is a radius of crankshaft, and L is a length of connecting rod.By (1-3) visible f
Q'＜F, and when α is tending towards 0 ° or 180 ° f
QThe F of '＜＜is if establish then f of R/L=1/3
QThe mean value of '/F is about 0.74.
And in the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine, because the moving direction of piston just in time is the tangent direction of main axis rotation circumference, the tangential force f of power F that in power stroke, obtains on the piston and the rotation of its drive main spindle
J' between relation be:
f
J′＝F－f
Wherein f is the part power (being about 3%F) that bent axle consumed in the driving pawl formula internal-combustion engine.f
JThe mean value of '/F is about 0.97.
2, the comparison of actual power stroke: in curved shaft type internal-combustion engine power stroke since when α is tending towards 0 ° or 180 ° f
QThe F of '＜＜, at this moment the major part of F does not have work done even makes negative work, so actual work done is not from 0 °-180 ° in the curved shaft type internal-combustion engine power stroke, generally all be to put back about 10 ° from last point to reach maximum combustion pressure, to beginning exhaust about 50 ° before bottom dead center, is actual expansion space stroke with piston at the stroke of this section, and the relation of it and piston total travel is:
S
e＝1／2S（Cosα
1－Cosα
2）
Wherein: S
eBe the actual expansion space stroke of piston; S is a piston stroke; α
1For reaching maximum combustion pressure angle (atdc degree); α
2Be exhaust advance angle (atdc degree).Like this, the actual power stroke S of general curved shaft type internal-combustion engine
EQAnd the pass between the piston total travel S is:
S
eQ＝1／2×S（Cos10°－Cos130°）＝0.8138S。
S
EQWith the difference of S be 0.1862S.And the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine is in power stroke because the piston motion direction is the tangent direction of main axis rotation circumference, the power that piston obtains in whole stroke all the time the overwhelming majority act on the drive main spindle rotation.This has just created condition for the difference that reduces actual expansion space stroke and piston total travel as far as possible.With the crank angle in the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine is reference, if the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine After Top Center 20 ° reach maximum combustion pressure, Before Bottom Dead Center 20 ° the beginning exhaust, then its actual expansion space stroke S
EJAnd the pass between the piston total travel S is:
S
eJ＝1／2×S（Cos20°－Cos160°）＝0.94S
S
EJAnd difference is 0.06S between the S.
Comprehensive above 2 points, the merit that combustion gas is done piston in power stroke are N=FS and N drives crankshaft rotating in the curved shaft type internal-combustion engine part is:
N
eQ＝0.74F×0.8138S＝0.6022N
The part of N drive main spindle rotation is in the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine:
N
eJ＝0.97F×0.94S＝0.9118N
Two kinds of internal-combustion engines are compared:
N
eJ／N
eQ＝0.9118／0.6022＝1.5
It is identical as if the power that obtains on the piston in power stroke promptly to work as two kinds of internal-combustion engines, and piston stroke is identical, and number of cylinders is identical, and when speed of crankshaft was identical, the output power of ratchet-type internal-combustion engine was 1.5 times of curved shaft type internal-combustion engine output power.Compare with the curved shaft type internal-combustion engine simultaneously, the exhaust loss of ratchet-type internal-combustion engine, radiation loss, component wear, weight/power ratio all decrease.
Owing to the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine is to be developed by curved shaft type internal-combustion engine machine to form, so the means of raising the efficiency that the curved shaft type internal-combustion engine adopts roughly all can adopt on the ratchet-type internal-combustion engine.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of reciprocating internal combustion engine with cylinder, piston, suction valve, outlet valve, fuel supplying device, ignition mechanism and bent axle, it is characterized in that, the push rod that piston and has tooth bar and has slotted hole in the lower end links to each other, tooth bar on this push rod is meshed with ratchet on being contained in main shaft, and the slotted hole of push rod lower end is connected with bent axle; When two cylinder and two cylinder were above, the piston of each cylinder linked to each other with a push rod respectively, and the tooth bar on each push rod is meshed with a ratchet respectively, and each ratchet is contained on the same main shaft according to identical action direction, and the slotted hole of each push rod lower end is connected with same bent axle respectively.
2, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when implementing two cylinder or 4n cylinder (n is a positive integer), determine that the mechanism of piston space mutual alignment relation can be changed into the tooth bar of each push rod side by bent axle, and and this tooth bar meshed gears, change 2 crank bent axles or 4n crank bent axle into one-throw crankshaft simultaneously.
3, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, adopts telescopic push rod, and has exhaust port in the lower end, firing chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88205754 CN2035795U (en) | 1988-05-16 | 1988-05-16 | Ratchet type internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88205754 CN2035795U (en) | 1988-05-16 | 1988-05-16 | Ratchet type internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2035795U true CN2035795U (en) | 1989-04-12 |
Family
ID=4840083
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88205754 Withdrawn CN2035795U (en) | 1988-05-16 | 1988-05-16 | Ratchet type internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2035795U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100419234C (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2008-09-17 | 李鱼飞 | Gasoline engine |
| CN100436780C (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-11-26 | 何荣灿 | Rolling type internal combustion engine |
| CN102374025A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-03-14 | 李世龙 | Internal combustion engine composed of racks, ratchet wheels and semi-gears |
| CN106194428A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2016-12-07 | 赵景杰 | A kind of internal combustion engine actuating device |
-
1988
- 1988-05-16 CN CN 88205754 patent/CN2035795U/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100419234C (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2008-09-17 | 李鱼飞 | Gasoline engine |
| CN100436780C (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-11-26 | 何荣灿 | Rolling type internal combustion engine |
| CN102374025A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-03-14 | 李世龙 | Internal combustion engine composed of racks, ratchet wheels and semi-gears |
| CN106194428A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2016-12-07 | 赵景杰 | A kind of internal combustion engine actuating device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |