CN1116685A - Reciprocating piston type internal combustion power mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The connecting-rod linear IC engine with single or multiple cylinders features long service life, high mechanical efficiency and low failure rate. An epicyclic gear is mounted on ordinary crankshaft and is engaged with internal gear fixed to crankshaft box. The big end of connecting rod is connected to cylindrical pin or eccentric wheel fixed to node of the epicyclic gear to become rotary pair. When crankshaft rotates, the connecting rod does straight line movement, so eliminating side pressure of piston on cylinder wall.

Description

Reciprocating piston type internal combustion power mechanism

The present invention relates to a kind of is the chemical energy of fuel the hot machine of mechanical energy by the formal transformation of burning.Especially the internal combustion power mechanism of being formed by cylinder, piston, connecting rod, bent axle, distribution device and fuel supply system etc.

What be widely used at present that each field such as industry, agricultural, national defence use as motor is exactly this mechanism.Its working principle is as follows: by air---and the alkene material mixture burns in cylinder, produces high temperature and high pressure gas, and the back of expanding promotes piston, and piston promotes connecting rod again, and connecting rod shakes crankshaft rotating, externally exports mechanical work.

Above principle is similar to appreciable often manpower mill in the Chinese countryside: first fan cans be compared to bent axle, and the long rod that is enclosed within on the wooden handle resembles connecting rod, and the people who turns a millstone has then played piston: the long rod of tandem push-and-pull, mill just constantly rotates continuously.Here it is original crankshaft ﹠ connecting.

Britain engineer watt in 1783 improvement steamer succeeds, and he rotatablely moves with regard to being to use this mechanism that the to-and-fro motion of piston is converted to, thereby makes the original steamer that originally can only be used for coal mine drainage become first kind of motor with extensive use.

Nearly two over 100 years, and the development of hot machine has had significant progress: the Otto and the Di Saier of Germany have successively invented petrol engine, diesel engine, but watt institute at first the crankshaft ﹠ connecting of employing still use till today.It more than is public situation.

Along with modern mechanical especially internal-combustion engine day by day towards at a high speed, carry by force, powerful direction develops, the crankshaft ﹠ connecting inherent defect exposes gradually:

Connecting rod not only be subjected at work periodically variablely drawing, action of compressive stress, also be subjected to because the effect of the caused horizontal periodically variable flexural stress of inertia.Along with the raising of rotating speed, this stress sharply increases.Connecting rod is easy to take place fatigue failure if any manufacturing deficiency or design strength deficiency, promptly bends, accident such as fracture.

2. because modern mechanical is pursued compact structure day by day, often connecting rod is foreshortened to the limit, cause connecting rod by piston casing wall to be produced very big side-thrust, in expansion stroke, it is maximum that side-thrust reaches.It is maximum that frictional force also reaches: because in high temperature and high pressure environment, oil film forms and keeps being difficult for, initial following period of time when starting, and lateral force makes piston skirt and casing wall generation dry friction, and mechanical efficiency is descended.In that low-speed heave-load such as vehicle are fully loaded when climbing the mountain, cause one of reason of engine overheat often especially.

Since connecting rod at work with respect to the piston high speed swinging, prior art is that piston is connected with pin with connecting rod small end.Caused a series of problems thus:

(1) the circumferential distribution of material inequality of piston, the pin-and-hole position is thicker, and swell increment is big when being heated, and causes the piston distortion, loses circle.Dead phenomenon easily rises.

(2) pin, hole, connecting rod small end are that unit shaft system cooperates, and processing and control tolerance are than unit bore system complexity.

(3) link lever high-speed swing causes the concentrated wear between pin and the microcephaly hole, the gap distribution inequality.

(4) connecting rod small end piston skirt inside, lubricated, heat radiation over head and ears all is difficult for.

(5) high speed swinging causes body vibration, is difficult to complete equilibrium.

4. because lateral force produces uneven wear to casing wall and piston skirt, the result has made casing wall and pistons work to produce the ellipse wearing and tearing of varying degree a period of time of after: the transverse of cylinder overlaps with the ellipse short shaft of piston, and the wearing and tearing of expansion stroke thrust face more so.Clearance limit progressively increases, and tightness descends, and leakage of oil, gas leakage, starting are difficult for etc.Though several compression ring and oil ring are housed on the piston, compensated the gap that wearing and tearing are caused to a certain extent, the use of ring has brought oblique poor abrasion and the pumping effect and the additional frictional resistance of back pressure of casing wall.Cause a large amount of lubricant oil to enter the firing chamber when especially pumping effect is exaggerated, this is that carbon deposit, spark plug are missing of ignition, the reason of pinking etc.A large amount of in addition lubricating oil are discharged from outlet pipe, have also polluted environment, cause waste.

5. because connecting rod swing, need consider that when design cylinder sleeve and piston skirt can not collide with it, so under the definite situation of stroke, cylinder diameter can not freely be selected.The ocean marine engine of long stroke, low oil consumption has to use cross head design, but has brought complex structure, the lubricated difficulty of track, highly problem such as increase.

6. the structure owing to connecting bar and crankshaft determines, the forms of motion complexity, connecting rod small end is reciprocating, major part is made circular movement, bent axle goes to 90 ° and 90 ° from 0 ° and goes to the hastening phenomenon that piston 180 ° all exceeds the simple harmonic motion scope, the commutation transition utmost point is not steady, and bad phenomenon such as cause that air inlet is smooth, exhaust blast and compression second half section are too quickly is one of jiggly reason of machine run.

Attempt to cancel connecting rod and crank mechanism owing to exist above variety of problems, people once to make all effort.The sixties in this century preceding Germany engineer's wankel has been invented triangle piston formula rotary engine, because sealing technique complexity and effect are undesirable, makes, safeguards, repairs more much more difficult than conventional construction, fails so far to promote.

Task of the present invention be propose a kind of novel back and forth---rotation switching mechanism, it makes connecting rod only do reciprocating linear motion at work.Thereby one action has solved above because link lever high-speed is swung a series of problems of having been brought, and has kept easy, the simple advantage of sealing technique of tubular cylinder and cylinder-piston manufacturing and assembling.

The scheme that the present invention adopts is: put a small gear and an internal gear engagement that is fixed on the crankcase in the rod journal sky of bent axle.When satisfying following condition:

(1) number of teeth of small gear is 1/2 of the internal gear number of teeth.

(2) the internal gear number of teeth is even numbers.

(3) Pitch radius of small gear equals the distance between crankshaft main journal center line and the rod journal center line.

(4) Pitch radius of internal gear equals the pitch diameter of small gear.

More than internally, profile of tooth, amount of deflection and the helix angle of external gear do not have specific (special) requirements.

When crankshaft rotating drive small gear is done planetary motion, the pitch circle of small gear and the pitch circle of internal gear will be made the engagement pure rolling.Form theory as can be known by hypocycloid: the node of small gear will be made the linear reciprocating motion by the crankshaft main journal center line at this moment, and back and forth the distance between the limit position is the pitch diameter of internal gear, and the characteristics of motion of node: S=f (ψ) is the cosine rule.In fact, this mechanism is called condensation hypocycloid mechanism on mathematics.

Above conclusion is because derivation is comparatively complicated, so omit herein.

Select a straight line with the cylinder axis line parallel this moment, the node that will form this straight line enlarges and is embodied as a straight pin, and makes the elongation line of this pin center pass through this node and perpendicular to the determined plane of small gear pitch circle.

This pin is fixed on small gear, can be observed this pin and do straight reciprocating motion up and down when crankshaft rotating, and connnecting rod big end is placed in this pin, has so just reached the purpose that connecting rod is kept straight on.

Proved all that by model test and theoretical the derivation this mechanism is reversible: but i.e. not only crankshaft rotating drivening rod to-and-fro motion, only otherwise in the dead center position, then connecting rod back and forth also can drive the bent axle rotation, as long as accumulated energy flywheel is installed on bent axle, helps bent axle to cross the dead point.Then the to-and-fro motion of connecting rod can high efficiencyly convert the continuous rotation of bent axle to, and externally work done.

This mechanism is with respect to the advantage of former mechanism:

1. connecting rod only tension, pressure stress at work is so simplicity of design need only be made pressure bar stabilization to connecting rod and check and get final product.Requirement to material and processing can reduce, and the cross section can change simple circle into by complexity I-shaped.

2. because connecting rod is kept straight on, and side-thrust has not existed, frictional force descends greatly.The casing wall load is unlike increasing at ordinary times during low-speed heave-load.Running-in period, can shorten or replace the defibrator process car with fuel saving with the cold grinding car.

3. because connecting rod is kept straight on, connecting rod can be fixed on piston in theory, but in order to prevent owing to the unnecessary movement interference of processing and assembly error causes.Can adopt spherical hinge that connecting rod and piston are linked, thereby piston can be processed into positive circle, circumferentially distribution of material is even, the problem that differential expansion is brought after having avoided being heated.Because in fact spherical hinge does not move, and can not consider lubrication problem, machining accuracy can be lowerd.

Since connecting rod keep straight on, no lateral force, cylinder wall and wearing for piston are slowly even, the method for available raising quality of fit is removed the installation of piston ring from, thoroughly simplifies piston structure.Thereby avoided because a series of side effects that piston ring brought.

5. because connecting rod is kept straight on, can not collide, bring the ocean marine engine of the low oil consumption of bigger freedom, particularly long stroke more can remove baroque crosshead from for the selection of cylinder diameter with cylinder sleeve and piston skirt.

6. derived as can be known by theory: piston will be done cosinusoidal motion under the restriction of new mechanism, cosinusoidal motion is pure simple harmonic motion, no hastening phenomenon; During the piston commutation, no rigid impulse does not have soft impulse yet, needs only the control rotating speed, avoids point of resonance, and then machine run is very slick and sly, steady.

7. because the impact force of piston is not to directly act on bent axle, but act on planetary pinion, because planetary pinion has quality, absorbed a part of impact, and the tangential velocity of crankshaft rotating is 1/2 of a descent of piston speed, effectively alleviated the degree of torsional oscillation, and the impact force of gas blow-through directly acts on bent axle in traditional mechanism, the resonance in case twist, bent axle has the danger that is twisted off.

8. all do simple motion owing to form the member of this mechanism: connecting rod is done straight reciprocating motion, and planetary pinion is made circular movement, and bent axle rotates, so equilibrium problem solves easily.

9. by the analysis of mechanism kinematic process as can be known: piston comes downwards to total travel one half at power stroke, and the power of bent axle passed to by connecting rod because leverage has been exaggerated one times, so torque is bigger nearly one times than traditional mechanism under the identical condition of cylinder diameter.

10. this mechanism is stressed rationally, and is simple in structure, processes no specific (special) requirements.Internal gear and planetary pinion engagement degree height, two Surface of action are concavo-convex contact, stress is less.As adopt the high quality gear, working life is short unlike traditional mechanism.By the dynamic and static imbalance that planetary pinion runs up and caused, can eliminate fully with the method for symmetric points counterweight simply.Being used in symmetric points settles special no tooth top to interfere then better with the diameter gear.

This principle is used for the single cylinder single action in force, the two moving open type crank types of single cylinder are the simplest.Be used for multi-cylinder in-line arrangement or multi-cylinder V-type and settle type or multi-cylinder star structure, then need straight pin is expanded into eccentric wheel structure again: eccentric radius must add rod journal radius sum greater than the planetary pinion Pitch radius, to contain whole rod journal, avoid the collision of connecting rod and rod journal.Mulit-turning crankshaft must be used combined type in addition, and so that planetary pinion to be installed, this existing at home maturation process is produced in a large number as 135 diesel engines.Internal gear geometrical center and crankcase spindle hole geometrical center concentricity requirement are very high, and internal gear locating face and spindle hole must fall with a cutter.Remove this and compare, on technology, there is no specific (special) requirements with traditional mechanism.

The invention process is simple, is engaged in these professional those skilled in the art and all can understands and understand.-as specialized factory must or only need not acquire a small amount of special device and can produce.This new architecture is named and is connecting rod straight movement type internal-combustion engine.

This mechanism also can be used for the reciprocating piston type work mechanism, as the feeding mechanism or the large-scale steamer of compressor, reciprocating pump and back and forth slide block type working machine, various press machine and automation.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing each other assembly relation of part among the embodiment is further described.

Fig. 1 is the plan view of straight pin formula.

Fig. 2 is the plan view of eccentric wheel type.

1. piston 2. spherical hinge 3. connecting rod 4. have straight pin or eccentric planetary pinion.5. open type crank or turn 6. 7. 8. crankcase of cylinder of internal gear of assembled crankshaft more

Can be clear that from accompanying drawing: piston and connecting rod link with spherical hinge, connnecting rod big end is placed on straight pin or the eccentric wheel, planetary pinion is placed on the rod journal of bent axle, planetary pinion is meshed with internal gear, and the movement locus of straight pin or eccentric geometrical center overlaps with the elongation line of cylinder centerline.

Claims (8)

1. one kind by cylinder, piston, connecting rod, bent axle, distribution device, the internal combustion power mechanism that fuel system is formed, it is characterized in that: its bent axle is special condensation hypocycloid mechanism, a planetary pinion has been overlapped in the rod journal sky of bent axle, the crankcase internal fixation internal gear that is meshed with planetary pinion, a connnecting rod big end and a planetary node rotate to pay and link, and connecting rod small end and piston link with spherical hinge.

2. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, it is characterized in that: the number of teeth of internal gear is even numbers.

3. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, it is characterized in that: the planetary pinion number of teeth is half of the internal gear number of teeth.

4. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, it is characterized in that: planetary Pitch radius equals the distance between rod journal center line and the main journal center line.

5. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, it is characterized in that: the Pitch radius of internal gear equals planetary pitch diameter.

6. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, can be embodied as a straight pin that is connected on the planetary pinion with connnecting rod big end to rotate a pair node that is connected, the elongation line of its center line is asked definite plane by node and perpendicular to pitch circle.

7. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, can be embodied as an eccentric wheel that is connected on the planetary pinion with connnecting rod big end to rotate a pair node that is connected, the elongation line of its geometric center lines passes through node, and perpendicular to the determined plane of pitch circle; Eccentric radius should add that rod journal radius sum is as the criterion to contain whole rod journal greater than the planetary pinion Pitch radius, and is enclosed within on the rod journal with the planetary pinion sky.

8. according to claim 1 described internal combustion power mechanism, should make the line of two limit of sports record positions of the node that itself and connnecting rod big end be connected parallel or coincide with the elongation line of cylinder centerline after the assembling of condensation hypocycloid mechanism.