CN1289896A - 可变转速螺杆式压缩机的部分负荷性能的改进 - Google Patents

可变转速螺杆式压缩机的部分负荷性能的改进 Download PDF

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CN1289896A
CN1289896A CN00130580A CN00130580A CN1289896A CN 1289896 A CN1289896 A CN 1289896A CN 00130580 A CN00130580 A CN 00130580A CN 00130580 A CN00130580 A CN 00130580A CN 1289896 A CN1289896 A CN 1289896A
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sealing
supplied
jet pump
oil
compressor
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CN100334409C (zh
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V·M·西斯特拉
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/08—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by varying the rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P9/00—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00
    • F01P9/06—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00 by use of refrigerating apparatus, e.g. of compressor or absorber type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0007—Injection of a fluid in the working chamber for sealing, cooling and lubricating
    • F04C29/0014—Injection of a fluid in the working chamber for sealing, cooling and lubricating with control systems for the injection of the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/047—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明能使向一变转速螺杆压缩机的转子的润滑剂供在满负荷运转时达到最佳化,并提供一附加的供给通道,该通道在低速运转时打开,以增加润滑剂的供给,改善低速下的润滑和密封。

Description

可变转速螺杆式压缩机的部分负荷性能的改进
用于水冷制冷机组的螺杆式压缩机是油泛型的。在压缩机的压缩过程中，油在相邻的各封闭容积之间起密封作用，并在压缩过程的下游，由一个油分离器将油从热的、被压缩的气体中分离出来。在高速情况下，与入口流量相比，转子与壳体以及各凸叶转子之间的气体泄漏百分比是很小的。这部分地是由于在转子和壳体之间形成了油膜。此外，为了减小拖动损失，注入的油量应该为最小。对螺杆式压缩机而言，负荷或称流量与转速成正比。在低速情况下，转子叶端处的密封较差，这会降低压缩机的容积效率。
通过提高低负荷运转时的供油流量，弥补低速时较差的密封状况，可以提高低速运转时的容积效率。将来自冷却器或蒸发器的油在转子入口处注入以供密封之用。趋向于在冷却器的顶部形成一富油层，并采用一引射器将油从冷却器的顶面汲出。可取的是，用于引射器的驱动或动力流体是取自于最后封闭的凸叶压力，但也可以用压缩机的排气压力。用最后封闭的凸叶压力为好，因为它是取决于压缩机的工况，而排气压力是取决于系统状态。通过恰当地选择引射器的尺寸，可以使满负荷运转时注射的油量最优化。由于在低负荷运转时应该增加供油以提高容积效率，所以可设置一补充的油源。一个方案是，从所述引射器设置一并联的供给通道，并令其由一响应电动机转速的电磁阀来控制。另一个方案是，为转子设置一第二引射器和供给通道，在第二通道内设置一响应电动机转速的电磁阀。
本发明的一个目的在于，改善可变转速螺杆压缩机的部分负荷性能。
本发明的另一个目的在于，通过提高向低速运转的转子的供油流量，提高低速运转时的容积效率。这些以及下文中将会变得明显的其他目的均可通过本发明来实现。
基本上，本发明能使向一变转螺杆压缩机的转子的润滑供给在满负荷运转时达到最优化，并且提供一附加的供给通道，该通道在压缩机低速运转时开通，以增加供油。
为了更好地理解本发明，以下将结合附图来进行更为详细的描述，附图中：
图1是采用本发明的一封闭式制冷或空调系统的示意图；以及
图2是采用本发明之另一实施例的一封闭式制冷或空调系统的示意图。
图1中，标号10总地表示一封闭式制冷或空调系统。与常规作法一样，其中一个封闭回路串联地包括压缩机12、连接于排出口的排出管路14、包含膨胀装置20的管路18、冷却器或蒸发器22、以及通向吸入口的吸入管路24。压缩机12是多转子密封式螺杆压缩机，其由一电动机26驱动，该电动机26由逆变器28通过微处理器或控制器30来控制。
在冷却器22中的上层形成一富油层，其用于转子12-1和12-2的润滑和密封。润滑剂被从冷却器22汲出，并通过管路40供给至尺寸恰当的引射器50，以便供给最大需要量的润滑剂。管路52可以在最后封闭的凸叶压力下向引射器50供给制冷剂，藉以将制冷剂-油混合物中的油从冷却器22经管路40汲出，并供给至压缩机12，以供转子12-1和12-2的润滑和密封之用。管路52在引射器50的下游分支成管路52-1和52-2。管路52-1包含一限流器60，其尺寸定为可以在满负荷运转时向转子12-1和12-2提供适量的润滑剂。管路52-2包含一常闭电磁阀62，并且由响应电动机26的转速的控制器或处理器34通过逆变器28的输出来控制。微处理器30可接收来自热传感器32的温度输入信号，而该传感器32可检测冷媒水的出口温度，并响应该温度来控制逆变器28，进而控制压缩机12。当电动机的转速已经降至足够低时，控制器34将电磁阀62打开，以向转子12-1和12-2供给更多的油而供密封和润滑之用。典型地，当电动机的转速降至满负荷时的50-60％时，电磁阀62就打开。
现请参见图2，系统10’与系统10的不同之处在于，其将管路40分成两个支路，且用并联设置的两个比较小的引射器50-1和50-2来代替引射器50。具体地说，管路40分支成管路40-1和40-2，其分别连接于引射器50-1和50-2。管路52分支成管路52-1和52-2，这两个分支管路在以最后封闭的凸叶压力分别向引射器50-1和50-2供给制冷剂气体之后又重新合并成管路52。引射器50-1的尺寸定为能使从冷却器22经管路40-1汲取的油-制冷剂混合物的量正好是满负荷运行时转子12-1和12-2的密封和润滑所需的量。除了引射器50-2之外，管路52-2还包含常闭的电磁阀62。当在控制器30的控制下由逆变器28使电动机26的转速降至足够低时，控制器34就打开电磁阀62，以向转子12-1和12-2提供更多的油而供密封和润滑之用。典型地，当电动机的转速降至满负荷运转时的50-60％时，电磁阀62就打开。
虽然以上描述并图示了本发明的较佳实施例，但熟悉本技术领域的人员应该可以作出其它的变化。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附权利要求书来限定。

Claims (4)

1．一种封闭的制冷系统，包含制冷剂和油，并串联地包括一具有多个转子和一吸入口以及一排出口且由一电动机驱动的可变转速螺杆式压缩机、一从所述排出口通向一冷凝器的排出管路、一膨胀装置、一冷却器、以及一连接于所述吸入口的吸入管路，其改进之处包括：
用于泵送的装置；
一连接于所述泵送装置的润滑分配系统；
用于将富油混合物从所述冷却器供给至所述泵送装置的装置；
用于使所述泵送装置将所述富油混合物供给至所述润滑分配系统的装置，该装置在所述压缩机满负荷运转时使混合物以第一速率供给，而在所述压缩机部分负荷运转时使混合物以一个较高的第二速率供给。
2．如权利要求1所述的封闭制冷系统，其特征在于，所述泵送装置是一引射泵以及以最后的封闭凸叶压力将高压制冷剂供给至所述引射泵的装置。
3．如权利要求2所述的封闭制冷系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括：
一第二引射泵；
用于将高压制冷剂供给至所述第二引射泵的装置；
所述第二引射泵是可操作地连接于所述冷却器；
连接于所述第二引射泵的装置，该装置用于当高压制冷剂被供给至所述第二引射泵时，将汲取自所述冷却器的制冷剂-油混合物供给至所述各转子，以供其润滑和密封之用。
4．在一封闭制冷系统中，包含制冷剂和润滑油，并串联地包括一具有多个转子和一吸入口以及一排出口且由一电动机驱动的可变转速螺杆式压缩机、一从所述排出口通向一冷凝器的排出管路、一膨胀装置、一冷却器、以及一连接于所述吸入口的吸入管路，其中改进之处包括改善部分负荷性能的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
当压缩机满负荷运转时，以第一速率向转子供给润滑剂以供润滑和密封之用；
当压缩机以小于60％的负荷运转时，以大于第一速率的第二速率向转子供给润滑剂以供润滑和密封之用。
CNB001305808A 1999-09-27 2000-09-27 一种封闭的制冷系统及其运转方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100334409C (zh)

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US09/405,120 1999-09-27
US09/405,120 US6216474B1 (en) 1999-09-27 1999-09-27 Part load performance of variable speed screw compressor

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CN101949619A (zh) * 2010-08-31 2011-01-19 广东美的电器股份有限公司 制冷机组的润滑油与冷媒分离装置及其操作方法
CN101070851B (zh) * 2006-05-10 2011-07-27 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 用于空调机或制冷机的制冷剂用密闭型压缩机
CN111608900A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-01 宁波鲍斯能源装备股份有限公司 一种变转速螺杆空压机测试系统及方法

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KR100353784B1 (ko) 2002-09-27
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