CN1282311C - 用于交互式卫星终端的低成本高性能天线 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括与馈电喇叭相连的天线的交互式卫星终端天线系统。这种交互式卫星终端天线系统的特征在于该天线系统包括椭圆抛物线主反射器和波纹馈电喇叭(2)，波纹馈电喇叭(2)具有外部椭圆孔和内部圆柱波导，内部圆柱波导具有内部波导部分(7)和台阶部分(8)，其特征还在于腔穴元件(10)被加入台阶部分(8)以补偿交叉极化分量。本发明可被用于天线系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及与馈电喇叭相连、为用于交互式卫星终端而优化的天线。
背景技术
为成功推广接入数万个均由室内设备和相关户外设备(即天线和发送/接收电子设备)构成的个体交互式用户终端的大型交互式网络，必须具有售价合理的高性能发送/接收卫星天线。人们知道天线是这些终端的关键部件之一。目前人们始终认为不可能生产出价格合理的高性能发送天线。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提出符合现有规定和操作规范并且能够以合理价格生产的高性能天线系统。
为了实现这个目标，基于本发明的卫星交互式终端天线的特征在于该天线包括椭圆天线和波纹馈电喇叭，所述波纹馈电喇叭具有外部椭圆孔和内部圆柱波导部分，所述内部圆柱波导部分内具有台阶，所述天线的特征还在于腔穴元件被加入台阶部分以进行交叉极化分量补偿。另外，需要实现某些必要的机械特征以便优化效率。
为现该目标，根据本发明的天线包括：椭圆抛物线主反射器和波纹补偿馈电喇叭，其特征在于，上述波纹补偿馈电喇叭具有外部椭圆孔和内部圆柱波导，该内部圆柱波导具有内部部分、台阶部分、以及随着直径从内部部分至台阶部分不断增加而形成在波导的间断处的至少一个纵向沟槽，每个纵向沟槽与波导轴平行地形成在内部部分内，并且从具有一定锥度的台阶伸出，用于通过在圆柱波导部分中产生非对称，从而在圆柱波导部分内激励TE21模式，以补偿交叉极化分量。
在一个实施例中，该天线包括位于上述椭圆孔的次轴或主轴的一个纵向沟槽。
在一个实施例中，上述波纹补偿馈电喇叭在其内部圆柱波导部分包括3个纵向沟槽，其中一个纵向沟槽位于上述椭圆孔的次轴或主轴，另外2个纵向沟槽被装配成与这个中心沟槽成+/-45°角。
在一个实施例中，通过转盘旋转整个天线，在转盘上安装有反射器，上述馈电喇叭被固定在上述反射器上，且转盘可调整角度，因而使方位角平面和轨道弧精密对准。
在一个实施例中，该天线能够包括被安装在波纹补偿馈电喇叭侧面以接收另一个相邻卫星的第二馈电喇叭。
附图说明
通过下面参照附图对单纯图解本发明实施例的例子所进行的说明性描述，可以更加清晰地理解本发明及其目标、特征、细节和优点，其中：
-图1至3分别是图解本发明的椭圆补偿馈电天线装置的侧视图，前视图和后视图；
-图4通过三个不同的视图a，b和c示意性地图解了基于本发明的椭圆馈电喇叭装置；
-图5和6是关于本发明提出的馈电喇叭的优选实施例的示意图，其中包含本发明提出的腔穴元件；
-图7示出了具有用于调整天线极化面的旋转角度等高线的地图。
具体实施方式
图1，2和3是关于本发明提出的交互式多卫星终端天线的示意图。终端基本上包括椭圆前馈主反射器1，由被固定到反射器1的外围部分下部的馈电臂3承载的补偿馈电喇叭2，其上安装有主反射器1的转盘4，以及被安装在与补偿馈电喇叭2相邻的馈电臂3上、用于接收另一个相邻卫星的可选第二馈电喇叭5。椭圆反射器1可以是商用反射器。
在选择椭圆结构时，可以获得较高程度的卫星间隔离并且利于多卫星操作。然而，前馈反射器的几何结构因其焦距较短而具有以下缺点，即交叉极化图中出现相当高的波瓣，该波瓣可以远远超过20dB并且接近天线的主定向方向，这意味着即使有非常精确的定向也不能获得良好的交叉极化鉴别性能。
通过电抵消主反射器导致的去极化分量的补偿馈电喇叭系统2，即通过产生与主反射器引入的去极化分量振幅相同但是相位相反的特定微波模式可以解决这个问题。
图4到6图解了被用来补偿上述去极化分量的馈电喇叭结构的实施例。已经开发出这种适用于椭圆天线、增强发送交叉极化鉴别能力、可量产并且不需要任何调谐的补偿馈电喇叭结构。如图4所示，所使用的馈电喇叭具有波纹馈电喇叭的一般设计，该波纹馈电喇叭具有椭圆孔Ap和后跟具有直径Ds的台阶部分8的内部圆柱波导部分7，其中椭圆孔Ap具有分别如图4b和4c所示的宽孔直径Dw和窄孔直径Dn，而内部圆柱波导部分7具有波导直径Dg。
在馈电喇叭的这个孔颈部分中，所使用的馈电喇叭设计尤其不同于传统的波纹馈电喇叭。
已经发现，通过在圆柱波导部分中造成非对称，从而在圆柱波导部分内激励TE21模式，进而可以获得上述补偿。实际上，TE21模式是非对称模式，因此在馈电喇叭结构中需要非对称。已经发现的用于引入所需非对称的最好方法是在波导中使用如图5和6所示的纵向沟槽10。随着直径从内部波导部分7增加到台阶区域8，在波导的间断处形成这些沟槽。这种沟槽与内部波导部分7中的波导轴平行并且从有一定锥度的台阶11伸出。通过改变沟槽的尺寸可以控制模式的振幅。
图5和6示出了具有三个沟槽10的波纹馈电喇叭结构。一个沟槽位于y-轴上，这使得该沟槽产生水平极化所需的交叉极化场。其它两个沟槽与这个沟槽成+/-45°角。
沟槽尺寸对于确定所产生的模式的电平是很重要的。沟槽的长度S和宽度W以及波导中台阶的尺寸对所产生的模式的电平起重要的作用。沟槽长度S越长，则所产生的TE21模式的电平就越高。沟槽的深度D基本上是波导直径Dg和台阶直径Ds之间的差值的一半。为保证沟槽的外缘总是不超出台阶直径，需要深度略微小于上述差值的一半。这保证可以压铸出台阶。对于喇叭的操作而言，台阶部分上的锥形T不是必需的，但被包含在内以保证易于压铸喇叭。如果在这个位置上使用垂直部分，则工具可能会被卡住并且难以取出。
已经发现，两个45°沟槽产生高阶TE21模式的较高电平。两个用于垂直极化的沟槽产生的模式的电平非常类似于用于水平极化的单独沟槽产生的电平。已经发现，通过相同的馈电喇叭配置可以在两个极化方向上实现交叉极化消除。例如，中心沟槽长度为7.5毫米，而外部沟槽长度为6.5毫米。中心沟槽宽度为3毫米而外部沟槽宽度为2毫米。台阶长度Ls为19毫米。输入波导的长度为10毫米，而直径Ds和Dg分别为24毫米和18毫米。孔的主轴呈椭圆形。沟槽被定向在喇叭的次轴上。
应当注意，三个沟槽10中的中心沟槽是控制喇叭主轴上水平极化模式的产生的沟槽。两个相对喇叭次轴成+/-45°角的沟槽产生较高的垂直极化模式。调整台阶长度使得交叉极化波瓣的相位与交叉极化模式同相或反相。
应当注意，由于补偿没有致损因素，所以绝对发送和接收增益不受影响。并且，应当强调补偿的效果取决于频率，但已经证实所述绝对发送和接收增益不受影响的结论至少在5％的频段上成立。于是在14GHz频段上，可以覆盖大约500MHz，在30GHz频段上可以覆盖大约1000MHz。因此，从根本上改进了天线的发送交叉极化隔离，并且交叉极化波瓣被大大地降低到30dB或更低。
下面参照图1至3描述本发明的进一步特征和优点。
由于补偿馈电喇叭被用来抵消主反射器1导致的去极化分量，所以禁止为调整天线极化面而旋转馈电喇叭。为此本发明提出旋转整个天线系统。通过配有沿外围方向延伸的槽洞12和刻度13的转盘4可以用合理的成本实现这种旋转。旋转角度的设置取决于终端的位置，并且可以通过标出旋转角度等高线的简单地图为安装人员提供这种设置。图7示出了一个例子。
应当注意，原理上可以围绕天线的电气或机械轴进行这种旋转。在产生不同的旋转等高线图时可以考虑所需旋转角度的差值。在两种情况下均可以实现正确的对准。
正如从地面站看见的，按照上述方式进行的对准实际上意味着椭圆反射器1的主轴与对地静止轨道平行对准，这种对准方式有两个主要的额外优点。
首先，该方式允许在没有额外的垂直位移的情况下通过在主补偿馈电喇叭2侧面简单安装诸如馈电喇叭5的第二馈电喇叭来接收另一个相邻卫星，这受益于天线对准轨道。这种方式利于多卫星操作。
其次应当注意，根据业界规定，在主天线轴与对地静止轨道对准的情况下，对椭圆天线可以放松最大授权等效全向辐射功率(EIRP)的要求。在这种情况下，在确定这个EIRP时只考虑使用更加有利的方位角辐射模式，这导致更高的授权功率电平。所提出的结构显然满足这个要求，因而实现了达到目标要求的最大允许EIRP分配。
总之，利用可以通过不需要任何调谐的标准和量产技术生产的补偿馈电喇叭，本发明允许使用具有椭圆基准反射器的商用天线。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于交互式卫星终端的天线，该天线包括：椭圆抛物线主反射器(1)和波纹补偿馈电喇叭(2)，其特征在于，上述波纹补偿馈电喇叭(2)具有外部椭圆孔和内部圆柱波导，该内部圆柱波导具有内部部分(7)、台阶部分(8)、以及随着直径从内部部分(7)至台阶部分(8)不断增加而形成在波导的间断处的至少一个纵向沟槽，每个纵向沟槽与波导轴平行地形成在内部部分(7)内，并且从具有一定锥度的台阶(11)伸出，用于通过在圆柱波导部分中产生非对称，从而在圆柱波导部分内激励TE21模式，以补偿交叉极化分量。
2.根据权利要求1的天线，其特征在于，
该天线包括位于上述椭圆孔的次轴或主轴的一个纵向沟槽。
3.根据权利要求2的天线，其特征在于，
上述波纹补偿馈电喇叭(2)在其内部圆柱波导部分包括3个纵向沟槽(10)，其中一个纵向沟槽位于上述椭圆孔的次轴或主轴，另外2个纵向沟槽被装配成与这个中心沟槽成+/-45°角。
4.根据权利要求3的天线，其特征在于，
通过转盘(4)旋转整个天线，在转盘上安装有反射器，上述馈电喇叭被固定在上述反射器上，且转盘可调整角度，因而使方位角平面和轨道弧精密对准。
5.根据权利要求1的天线，其特征在于，
该天线能够包括被安装在波纹补偿馈电喇叭(2)侧面以接收另一个相邻卫星的第二馈电喇叭(5)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01401959A EP1278266B1 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2001-07-20 | Low cost high performance antenna for use in transmit/receive satellite terminals |
| EP01401959.0 | 2001-07-20 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1405993A CN1405993A (zh) | 2003-03-26 |
| CN1282311C true CN1282311C (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
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| CNB021264554A Expired - Fee Related CN1282311C (zh) | 2001-07-20 | 2002-07-19 | 用于交互式卫星终端的低成本高性能天线 |
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| US (1) | US6771225B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1278266B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4046565B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100887043B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1282311C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE305661T1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0202850A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2393949C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60113671T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK1278266T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2250322T3 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02007128A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO325941B1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2286625C2 (zh) |
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| US8768242B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-07-01 | Harris Corporation | Remote satellite terminal with antenna polarization alignment enforcement and associated methods |
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| US9838896B1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-12-05 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for assessing network coverage |
| US10264586B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2019-04-16 | At&T Mobility Ii Llc | Cloud-based packet controller and methods for use therewith |
| US10340983B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2019-07-02 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for surveying remote sites via guided wave communications |
| US9973940B1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2018-05-15 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for dynamic impedance matching of a guided wave launcher |
| US10298293B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2019-05-21 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus of communication utilizing wireless network devices |
| US11804658B2 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2023-10-31 | Hughes Network Systems, Llc | Mitigation of polarization mismatch between reflector and feed antennas by feed predistortion |
| CN109786929B (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-10-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种波纹槽四脊喇叭馈源 |
| RU2753665C1 (ru) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-08-19 | Акционерное общество «Российская корпорация ракетно-космического приборостроения и информационных систем» (АО «Российские космические системы») | Система передачи информации между космическими аппаратами и беспилотными летательными аппаратами |
| CN113193342B (zh) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-12-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种双圆极化宽带宽波束天线 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1525514A (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1978-09-20 | Rudge A | Primary feeds for offset parabolic reflector antennas |
| JPH0336087Y2 (zh) * | 1985-05-13 | 1991-07-31 | ||
| JP3251605B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-30 | 2002-01-28 | マスプロ電工株式会社 | 衛星受信システム |
| FR2713404B1 (fr) * | 1993-12-02 | 1996-01-05 | Alcatel Espace | Antenne orientale avec conservation des axes de polarisation. |
| JP3113510B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-29 | 2000-12-04 | ケイディディ株式会社 | 楕円ビームアンテナ装置 |
| JP2945839B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-12 | 1999-09-06 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 円一直線偏波変換器とその製造方法 |
| US5812096A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1998-09-22 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multiple-satellite receive antenna with siamese feedhorn |
| JP2000201013A (ja) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-07-18 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | フィ―ドホ―ン |
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2001
- 2001-07-20 DK DK01401959T patent/DK1278266T3/da active
- 2001-07-20 ES ES01401959T patent/ES2250322T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CA2393949A1 (en) | 2003-01-20 |
| JP4046565B2 (ja) | 2008-02-13 |
| NO20023461L (no) | 2003-01-21 |
| DE60113671D1 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
| NO20023461D0 (no) | 2002-07-19 |
| DK1278266T3 (da) | 2006-02-20 |
| TW578329B (en) | 2004-03-01 |
| DE60113671T2 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
| CN1405993A (zh) | 2003-03-26 |
| KR20030009206A (ko) | 2003-01-29 |
| US20030025641A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
| ATE305661T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
| ES2250322T3 (es) | 2006-04-16 |
| CA2393949C (en) | 2013-04-02 |
| BR0202850A (pt) | 2003-06-03 |
| JP2003101331A (ja) | 2003-04-04 |
| US6771225B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
| EP1278266B1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| MXPA02007128A (es) | 2004-07-16 |
| RU2002119670A (ru) | 2004-01-20 |
| NO325941B1 (no) | 2008-08-18 |
| KR100887043B1 (ko) | 2009-03-04 |
| RU2286625C2 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
| EP1278266A1 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
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